This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create tag 'cygwin-cygwin-1_7_19-release

1_7_19-release'.

Sprout from cygwin-64bit-premerge-branch 2013-04-22 17:11:23 UTC cvs2svn 'This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create branch 'cygwin-64bit-'
Cherrypick from master 2013-06-05 07:57:39 UTC Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de> '	* faq-programming.xml: Convert url to refer to new flat faq.html file.':
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+<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
+<!DOCTYPE chapter PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+		"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<chapter id="setup-net" xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude">
+<title>Setting Up Cygwin</title>
+
+<sect1 id="internet-setup">
+<title>Internet Setup</title>
+<para>To install the Cygwin net release, go to <ulink
+url="http://cygwin.com/">http://cygwin.com/</ulink> and click on <ulink
+url="http://cygwin.com/setup.exe">"Install Cygwin Now!"</ulink>.  This will
+download a GUI installer called <command>setup.exe</command> which can
+be run to download a complete cygwin installation via the internet.
+Follow the instructions on each screen to install Cygwin.
+</para>
+
+<para>
+The <command>setup.exe</command> installer is designed to be easy
+for new users to understand while remaining flexible for the 
+experienced. The volunteer development team is constantly working
+on <command>setup.exe</command>; before requesting a new feature,
+check the wishlist in the <ulink url="http://sourceware.org/cgi-bin/cvsweb.cgi/setup/README?cvsroot=cygwin-apps&amp;rev=2">CVS <literal>README</literal>
+</ulink>. It may already be present in the CVS version!
+</para>
+
+<para>
+Since the default value for each option is the logical choice for
+most installations, you can get a working minimal Cygwin environment
+installed by simply clicking the <literal>Next</literal> button
+at each page. The only exception to this is choosing a Cygwin mirror,
+which you can choose by experimenting with those listed at
+<ulink url="http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html">
+http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html
+</ulink>. For more details about each of page of the 
+<command>setup.exe</command> installation, read on below.
+Please note that this guide assumes that you have a basic understanding
+of Unix (or a Unix-like OS). If you are new to Unix, you will also want 
+to make use of <ulink url="http://www.google.com/search?q=new+to+unix">
+other resources</ulink>.
+</para>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-download"><title>Download Source</title>
+<para>
+Cygwin uses packages to manage installing various software. When
+the default <literal>Install from Internet</literal> option is chosen,
+<command>setup.exe</command> creates a local directory to store
+the packages before actually installing the contents. 
+<literal>Download from Internet</literal> performs only the first
+part (storing the packages locally), while 
+<literal>Install from Local Directory</literal> performs only the 
+second (installing the contents of the packages). 
+</para>
+<para>
+The <literal>Download from Internet</literal> option is mainly
+for creating a base Cygwin package tree on one computer for 
+installation on several machines with 
+<literal>Install from Local Directory</literal>; copy the
+entire local package tree to another machine with the directory
+tree intact. For example, you might create a <literal>C:\cache\</literal>
+directory and place <command>setup.exe</command> in it. Run 
+<command>setup.exe</command> to <literal>Install from Internet</literal>
+or <literal>Download from Internet</literal>, then copy the whole
+<literal>C:\cache\</literal> to each machine and instead choose
+<literal>Install from Local Directory</literal>.
+</para>
+<para>
+Though this provides some basic mirroring functionality, if you
+are managing a large Cygwin installation, to keep up to date we recommend 
+using a mirroring tool such as <command>wget</command>. A helpful user on 
+the Cygwin mailing list created a simple demonstration script to accomplish
+this; search the list for <command>mkcygwget</command> for ideas.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-dir"><title>Selecting an Install Directory</title>
+<para>
+The <literal>Root Directory</literal> for Cygwin (default
+<literal>C:\cygwin</literal>) will become <literal>/</literal> 
+within your Cygwin installation. You must have write access to
+the parent directory, and any ACLs on the parent directory will
+determine access to installed files.
+</para>
+<para>
+The <literal>Install For</literal> options of <literal>All Users</literal> 
+or <literal>Just Me</literal> should always be left on the default
+<literal>All Users</literal>, unless you do not have write access to 
+<literal>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE</literal> in the registry or the All Users 
+Start Menu. This is true  even if you are the only user planning to use Cygwin 
+on the machine.  Selecting <literal>Just Me</literal> will cause problems 
+for programs such as <command>crond</command> and <command>sshd</command>.
+If you do not have the necessary permissions, but still want to use these
+programs, consult the Cygwin mailing list archives about others' experiences.
+
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-localdir"><title>Local Package Directory</title>
+<para>
+The <literal>Local Package Directory</literal> is the cache where 
+<command>setup.exe</command> stores the packages before they are
+installed. The cache must not be the same folder as the Cygwin
+root. Within the cache, a separate directory is created for each
+Cygwin mirror, which allows <command>setup.exe</command> to use 
+multiple mirrors and custom packages. After installing Cygwin,
+the cache is no longer necessary, but you may want to retain the
+packages as backups, for installing Cygwin to another system,
+or in case you need to reinstall a package.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-connection"><title>Connection Method</title>
+<para>
+The <literal>Direct Connection</literal> method of downloading will 
+directly download the packages, while the IE5 method will leverage your 
+IE5 cache for performance. If your organisation uses a proxy server or
+auto-configuration scripts, the IE5 method also uses these settings.
+If you have a proxy server, you can manually type it into 
+the <literal>Use Proxy</literal> section. Unfortunately, 
+<command>setup.exe</command> does not currently support password
+authorization for proxy servers.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-mirror"><title>Choosing Mirrors</title>
+<para>
+Since there is no way of knowing from where you will be downloading
+Cygwin, you need to choose at least one mirror site.  Cygwin mirrors 
+are geographically distributed around the world; check the list at <ulink 
+url="http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html">http://cygwin.com/mirrors.html</ulink>
+to find one near you. You can select multiple mirrors by holding down
+<literal>CTRL</literal> and clicking on each one. If you have the URL of 
+an unlisted mirror (for example, if your organization has an internal Cygwin 
+mirror) you can add it.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-packages"><title>Choosing Packages</title>
+<para>
+For each selected mirror site, <command>setup.exe</command> downloads a 
+small text file called <literal>setup.bz2</literal> that contains a list
+of packages available from that site along with some basic information about
+each package which <command>setup.exe</command> parses and uses to create the 
+chooser window. For details about the format of this file, see 
+the <ulink url="http://sourceware.org/cygwin-apps/setup.html">
+setup.exe homepage</ulink>.
+</para>
+<para>
+The chooser is the most complex part of <command>setup.exe</command>. 
+Packages are grouped into categories, and one package may belong to multiple 
+categories (assigned by the volunteer package maintainer). Each package
+can be found under any of those categories in the hierarchical chooser view.
+By default, <command>setup.exe</command>
+will install only the packages in the <literal>Base</literal> category
+and their dependencies, resulting in a minimal Cygwin installation.
+However, this will not include many commonly used tools such as 
+<command>gcc</command> (which you will find in the <literal>Devel</literal> 
+category).  Since <command>setup.exe</command> automatically selects
+dependencies, be careful not to unselect any required packages. In 
+particular, everything in the <literal>Base</literal> category is
+required.
+</para>
+<para>
+You can change <command>setup.exe</command>'s view style, which is helpful
+if you know the name of a package you want to install but not which 
+category it is in. 
+Click on the <literal>View</literal> button and it will rotate between 
+<literal>Category</literal> (the default), <literal>Full</literal> (all 
+packages), and <literal>Pending</literal> (only packages to be
+installed, removed or upgraded).
+If you are familiar with Unix, you will probably want to at least glance 
+through the <literal>Full</literal> listing for your favorite tools.
+</para>
+<para>
+Once you have an existing Cygwin installation, the <command>setup.exe</command>
+chooser is also used to manage your Cygwin installation. 
+Information on installed packages is kept in the
+<literal>/etc/setup/</literal> directory of your Cygwin installation; if 
+<command>setup.exe</command> cannot find this directory it will act as if
+you have no Cygwin installation.  If <command>setup.exe</command>
+finds a newer version of an installed package available, it will automatically 
+mark it to be upgraded. 
+To <literal>Uninstall</literal>, <literal>Reinstall</literal>, or get the
+<literal>Source</literal> for an existing package, click on 
+<literal>Keep</literal> to toggle it. 
+Also, to avoid the need to reboot after upgrading, make sure
+to close all Cygwin windows and stop all Cygwin processes before 
+<command>setup.exe</command> begins to install the upgraded package.
+</para>
+<para>
+To avoid unintentionally upgrading, use the <literal>Pending</literal>
+view to see which packages have been marked for upgrading.  If you
+don't want to upgrade a package, click on the new version number to
+toggle it until it says <literal>Keep</literal>. All packages can be
+set to stay at the installed version by pressing the <literal>Keep</literal>
+button in the top right part of the chooser window.
+</para>
+<para>
+A previous version of each package is usually available, in case downgrading
+is required to avoid a serious bug in the current version of the package.
+Packages also occasionally have testing (or "experimental") versions available.
+Previous and experimental versions can be chosen by clicking on the package's
+<literal>New</literal> column until the required version appears.
+</para>
+<para>
+All available experimental packages can be selected by pressing the
+<literal>Exp</literal> in the top right part of the chooser window.
+Be warned, however, that the next time you run <command>setup.exe</command>
+it will try to replace all old or experimental versions with the current
+version, unless told otherwise.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-progress"><title>Download and Installation Progress</title>
+<para>
+First, <command>setup.exe</command> will download all selected packages
+to the local directory chosen earlier. Before installing, 
+<command>setup.exe</command> performs a checksum on each package. If the
+local directory is a slow medium (such as a network drive) this can take
+a long time. During the download and installation, <command>setup.exe</command>
+shows progress bars for the current task and total remaining disk space.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-icons"><title>Shortcuts</title>
+<para>
+You may choose to install "Cygwin Terminal" shortcuts on the Desktop
+and/or Start Menu.  These shortcuts run <command>mintty</command>,
+which will start your default shell as specified
+in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="setup-postinstall"><title>Post-Install Scripts</title>
+<para>
+Last of all, <command>setup.exe</command> will run any post-install
+scripts to finish correctly setting up installed packages. Since each
+script is run separately, several windows may pop up. If you are 
+interested in what is being done, see the Cygwin Package Contributor's
+Guide at <ulink 
+url="http://cygwin.com/setup.html">http://cygwin.com/setup.html</ulink>
+When the last post-install script is completed, <command>setup.exe</command> 
+will display a box announcing the completion. A few packages, such as
+the OpenSSH server, require some manual site-specific configuration. 
+Relevant documentation can be found in the <literal>/usr/doc/Cygwin/</literal> 
+or <literal>/usr/share/doc/Cygwin/</literal> directory.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+<sect2 id="setup-troubleshooting"><title>Troubleshooting</title>
+<para>
+Unfortunately, the complex setup process means that odd problems can
+occur. If you're having trouble downloading packages, it may be network
+congestion, so try a different mirror and/or a different protocol (i.e.,
+HTTP instead of FTP).  If you notice something is not working after
+running setup, you can check the <command>setup.exe</command> log file
+at <literal>/var/log/setup.log.full</literal>. Make a backup of this
+file before running <command>setup.exe</command> again, and follow the
+steps for <ulink url="http://cygwin.com/problems.html">Reporting
+Problems with Cygwin</ulink>.
+</para>
+</sect2>
+
+</sect1>
+
+<xi:include href="setup-env.xml"/>
+<xi:include href="setup-maxmem.xml"/>
+<xi:include href="setup-locale.xml"/>
+<xi:include href="setup-files.xml"/>
+</chapter>