This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create tag 'cygwin-cygwin-1_7_19-release

1_7_19-release'.

Sprout from cygwin-64bit-premerge-branch 2013-04-22 17:11:23 UTC cvs2svn 'This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create branch 'cygwin-64bit-'
Cherrypick from master 2013-06-05 07:57:39 UTC Corinna Vinschen <corinna@vinschen.de> '	* faq-programming.xml: Convert url to refer to new flat faq.html file.':
    COPYING.NEWLIB
    ChangeLog
    config.guess
    config.sub
    config/ChangeLog
    config/bootstrap-asan.mk
    config/dfp.m4
    config/picflag.m4
    include/ChangeLog
    include/elf/ChangeLog
    include/elf/aarch64.h
    include/elf/common.h
    include/elf/mips.h
    include/elf/msp430.h
    include/opcode/ChangeLog
    include/opcode/avr.h
    include/opcode/mips.h
    include/opcode/msp430.h
    newlib/ChangeLog
    newlib/MAINTAINERS
    newlib/configure
    newlib/configure.host
    newlib/configure.in
    newlib/libc/configure
    newlib/libc/configure.in
    newlib/libc/ctype/ctype_.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/isalnum.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/isalpha.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/isblank.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/iscntrl.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/isdigit.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/islower.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/isprint.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/ispunct.c
    newlib/libc/ctype/isxdigit.c
    newlib/libc/include/machine/ieeefp.h
    newlib/libc/include/machine/setjmp.h
    newlib/libc/include/reent.h
    newlib/libc/include/sys/cdefs.h
    newlib/libc/include/sys/config.h
    newlib/libc/include/sys/features.h
    newlib/libc/include/sys/reent.h
    newlib/libc/include/sys/stat.h
    newlib/libc/libc.texinfo
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/Makefile.am
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/Makefile.in
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy-armv7a.S
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy-armv7m.S
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy.S
    newlib/libc/machine/arm/strcmp.S
    newlib/libc/machine/configure
    newlib/libc/machine/configure.in
    newlib/libc/machine/powerpc/Makefile.am
    newlib/libc/machine/powerpc/Makefile.in
    newlib/libc/reent/reent.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/fgetc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/fgetwc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/fgetws.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/findfp.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/fputc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/fputwc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/fputws.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/getc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/getchar.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/local.h
    newlib/libc/stdio/putc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/putchar.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/scanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/setvbuf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/ungetwc.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/vfscanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/vfwscanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/viprintf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/viscanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/vprintf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/vscanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/vwprintf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/vwscanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdio/wscanf.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.am
    newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.in
    newlib/libc/stdlib/__atexit.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/__call_atexit.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/ecvtbuf.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/mblen.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/mbrlen.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/mbrtowc.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/mbtowc.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/nano-mallocr.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/rand.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/strtod.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/wcrtomb.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/wctob.c
    newlib/libc/stdlib/wctomb.c
    newlib/libc/string/strtok.c
    newlib/libc/time/asctime.c
    newlib/libc/time/gmtime.c
    newlib/libc/time/lcltime.c
    newlib/libm/libm.texinfo
    winsup/cygserver/ChangeLog
    winsup/cygserver/ChangeLog.64bit
    winsup/cygserver/Makefile.in
    winsup/cygserver/bsd_helper.cc
    winsup/cygserver/bsd_helper.h
    winsup/cygserver/bsd_log.cc
    winsup/cygserver/bsd_log.h
    winsup/cygserver/bsd_mutex.cc
    winsup/cygserver/client.cc
    winsup/cygserver/cygserver.cc
    winsup/cygserver/msg.cc
    winsup/cygserver/process.h
    winsup/cygserver/sem.cc
    winsup/cygserver/shm.cc
    winsup/cygserver/sysv_shm.cc
    winsup/cygserver/threaded_queue.h
    winsup/cygwin/ChangeLog
    winsup/cygwin/ChangeLog.64bit
    winsup/cygwin/Makefile.in
    winsup/cygwin/aclocal.m4
    winsup/cygwin/advapi32.cc
    winsup/cygwin/autoload.cc
    winsup/cygwin/automode.c
    winsup/cygwin/binmode.c
    winsup/cygwin/child_info.h
    winsup/cygwin/common.din
    winsup/cygwin/configure
    winsup/cygwin/configure.ac
    winsup/cygwin/cpuid.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygerrno.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygheap.cc
    winsup/cygwin/cygheap.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygmagic
    winsup/cygwin/cygmalloc.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygserver.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygserver_ipc.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygthread.cc
    winsup/cygwin/cygtls.cc
    winsup/cygwin/cygtls.h
    winsup/cygwin/cygwin.sc.in
    winsup/cygwin/dcrt0.cc
    winsup/cygwin/debug.h
    winsup/cygwin/devices.cc
    winsup/cygwin/devices.h
    winsup/cygwin/devices.in
    winsup/cygwin/dir.cc
    winsup/cygwin/dlfcn.cc
    winsup/cygwin/dll_init.cc
    winsup/cygwin/dll_init.h
    winsup/cygwin/dtable.cc
    winsup/cygwin/environ.cc
    winsup/cygwin/environ.h
    winsup/cygwin/errno.cc
    winsup/cygwin/exception.h
    winsup/cygwin/exceptions.cc
    winsup/cygwin/external.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fcntl.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fenv.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler.h
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_clipboard.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_console.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_dev.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_disk_file.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_dsp.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_fifo.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_floppy.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_mailslot.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_mem.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_netdrive.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_proc.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_process.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_procnet.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_procsys.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_procsysvipc.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_random.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_raw.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_registry.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_serial.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_socket.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_tape.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_termios.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_tty.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_virtual.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_virtual.h
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_windows.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fhandler_zero.cc
    winsup/cygwin/flock.cc
    winsup/cygwin/fork.cc
    winsup/cygwin/gendef
    winsup/cygwin/gentls_offsets
    winsup/cygwin/glob.cc
    winsup/cygwin/globals.cc
    winsup/cygwin/grp.cc
    winsup/cygwin/heap.cc
    winsup/cygwin/hookapi.cc
    winsup/cygwin/i686.din
    winsup/cygwin/include/a.out.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/asm/byteorder.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/bits/wordsize.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/acl.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/config.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/cygwin_dll.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/grp.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/if.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/ipc.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/msg.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/sem.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/shm.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/signal.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/socket.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/stat.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/stdlib.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/sysproto.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/time.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/types.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/version.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/fcntl.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/fts.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/ftw.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/glob.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/inttypes.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/io.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/limits.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/mntent.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/stdint.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/sys/cygwin.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/sys/dirent.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/sys/resource.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/sys/socket.h
    winsup/cygwin/include/sys/strace.h
    winsup/cygwin/init.cc
    winsup/cygwin/ioctl.cc
    winsup/cygwin/ipc.cc
    winsup/cygwin/kernel32.cc
    winsup/cygwin/lc_msg.h
    winsup/cygwin/lib/_cygwin_crt0_common.cc
    winsup/cygwin/lib/crt0.h
    winsup/cygwin/lib/cygwin_attach_dll.c
    winsup/cygwin/lib/premain0.c
    winsup/cygwin/lib/premain1.c
    winsup/cygwin/lib/premain2.c
    winsup/cygwin/lib/premain3.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/arc4random.cc
    winsup/cygwin/libc/base64.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/bsdlib.cc
    winsup/cygwin/libc/fts.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/ftw.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/inet_network.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/minires-os-if.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/minires.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/nftw.c
    winsup/cygwin/libc/rcmd.cc
    winsup/cygwin/libc/rexec.cc
    winsup/cygwin/libstdcxx_wrapper.cc
    winsup/cygwin/localtime.cc
    winsup/cygwin/malloc_wrapper.cc
    winsup/cygwin/miscfuncs.cc
    winsup/cygwin/mkimport
    winsup/cygwin/mktemp.cc
    winsup/cygwin/mmap.cc
    winsup/cygwin/mount.cc
    winsup/cygwin/mount.h
    winsup/cygwin/msg.cc
    winsup/cygwin/mtinfo.h
    winsup/cygwin/net.cc
    winsup/cygwin/netdb.cc
    winsup/cygwin/nfs.h
    winsup/cygwin/nlsfuncs.cc
    winsup/cygwin/ntdll.h
    winsup/cygwin/ntea.cc
    winsup/cygwin/passwd.cc
    winsup/cygwin/path.cc
    winsup/cygwin/path.h
    winsup/cygwin/perprocess.h
    winsup/cygwin/pinfo.cc
    winsup/cygwin/pinfo.h
    winsup/cygwin/pipe.cc
    winsup/cygwin/poll.cc
    winsup/cygwin/posix.sgml
    winsup/cygwin/posix_ipc.cc
    winsup/cygwin/profil.c
    winsup/cygwin/profil.h
    winsup/cygwin/pseudo-reloc.cc
    winsup/cygwin/pwdgrp.h
    winsup/cygwin/regex/engine.c
    winsup/cygwin/regex/regcomp.c
    winsup/cygwin/registry.cc
    winsup/cygwin/regparm.h
    winsup/cygwin/release/1.7.19
    winsup/cygwin/resource.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sched.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sec_acl.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sec_auth.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sec_helper.cc
    winsup/cygwin/security.cc
    winsup/cygwin/security.h
    winsup/cygwin/select.cc
    winsup/cygwin/select.h
    winsup/cygwin/sem.cc
    winsup/cygwin/shared.cc
    winsup/cygwin/shared_info.h
    winsup/cygwin/shm.cc
    winsup/cygwin/signal.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sigproc.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sigproc.h
    winsup/cygwin/smallprint.cc
    winsup/cygwin/spawn.cc
    winsup/cygwin/speclib
    winsup/cygwin/spinlock.h
    winsup/cygwin/strace.cc
    winsup/cygwin/strfuncs.cc
    winsup/cygwin/strsig.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sync.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sync.h
    winsup/cygwin/syscalls.cc
    winsup/cygwin/sysconf.cc
    winsup/cygwin/syslog.cc
    winsup/cygwin/termios.cc
    winsup/cygwin/textmode.c
    winsup/cygwin/textreadmode.c
    winsup/cygwin/thread.cc
    winsup/cygwin/thread.h
    winsup/cygwin/timer.cc
    winsup/cygwin/times.cc
    winsup/cygwin/tlsoffsets.h
    winsup/cygwin/tlsoffsets64.h
    winsup/cygwin/tty.cc
    winsup/cygwin/tty.h
    winsup/cygwin/uinfo.cc
    winsup/cygwin/wait.cc
    winsup/cygwin/winbase.h
    winsup/cygwin/wincap.cc
    winsup/cygwin/wincap.h
    winsup/cygwin/window.cc
    winsup/cygwin/winlean.h
    winsup/cygwin/winsup.h
    winsup/cygwin/wow64.cc
    winsup/cygwin/wow64.h
    winsup/cygwin/x86_64.din
    winsup/doc/.cvsignore
    winsup/doc/ChangeLog
    winsup/doc/Makefile.in
    winsup/doc/Wishlist
    winsup/doc/bodysnatcher.pl
    winsup/doc/configure
    winsup/doc/configure.ac
    winsup/doc/cygserver.xml
    winsup/doc/cygwin-api.in.xml
    winsup/doc/cygwin-ug-net.xml
    winsup/doc/cygwin.xsl
    winsup/doc/cygwinenv.xml
    winsup/doc/dll.xml
    winsup/doc/effectively.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-api.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-copyright.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-programming.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-resources.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-setup.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-using.xml
    winsup/doc/faq-what.xml
    winsup/doc/faq.xml
    winsup/doc/filemodes.xml
    winsup/doc/gcc.xml
    winsup/doc/gdb.xml
    winsup/doc/highlights.xml
    winsup/doc/legal.xml
    winsup/doc/new-features.xml
    winsup/doc/ntsec.xml
    winsup/doc/ov-ex-unix.xml
    winsup/doc/ov-ex-win.xml
    winsup/doc/overview.xml
    winsup/doc/pathnames.xml
    winsup/doc/programming.xml
    winsup/doc/setup-env.xml
    winsup/doc/setup-files.xml
    winsup/doc/setup-locale.xml
    winsup/doc/setup-maxmem.xml
    winsup/doc/setup-net.xml
    winsup/doc/specialnames.xml
    winsup/doc/textbinary.xml
    winsup/doc/ug-info.xml
    winsup/doc/using.xml
    winsup/doc/windres.xml
    winsup/doc/xidepend
    winsup/lsaauth/ChangeLog
    winsup/lsaauth/ChangeLog.64bit
    winsup/lsaauth/Makefile.in
    winsup/lsaauth/configure
    winsup/lsaauth/configure.ac
    winsup/utils/ChangeLog
    winsup/utils/ChangeLog.64bit
    winsup/utils/Makefile.in
    winsup/utils/aclocal.m4
    winsup/utils/configure
    winsup/utils/cygcheck.cc
    winsup/utils/dumper.cc
    winsup/utils/dumper.h
    winsup/utils/kill.cc
    winsup/utils/ldd.cc
    winsup/utils/locale.cc
    winsup/utils/mkgroup.c
    winsup/utils/mkpasswd.c
    winsup/utils/module_info.cc
    winsup/utils/mount.cc
    winsup/utils/parse_pe.cc
    winsup/utils/passwd.c
    winsup/utils/path.cc
    winsup/utils/ps.cc
    winsup/utils/regtool.cc
    winsup/utils/ssp.c
    winsup/utils/strace.cc
    winsup/utils/tzset.c
    winsup/utils/utils.xml
Delete:
    COPYING3
    COPYING3.LIB
    config.rpath
    configure.ac
    ltgcc.m4
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/Makefile.am
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/Makefile.in
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/aclocal.m4
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/configure
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/configure.in
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcmp-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcmp.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcpy-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcpy.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memmove-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memmove.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memset-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memset.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/setjmp.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strcmp-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strcmp.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strlen-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strlen.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strncmp-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strncmp.S
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strnlen-stub.c
    newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strnlen.S
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/Makefile.am
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/Makefile.in
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/aclocal.m4
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/configure
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/configure.in
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/machine/stdlib.h
    newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/setjmp.S
    newlib/libc/machine/powerpc/times.c
    newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/Makefile.am
    newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/Makefile.in
    newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/aclocal.m4
    newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/configure
    newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/configure.in
    newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/e_printf.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/Makefile.am
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/Makefile.in
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/aclocal.m4
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/configure
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/configure.in
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_ceil.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_floor.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_fma.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_fmax.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_fmin.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_llrint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_llround.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_lrint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_lround.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_nearbyint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_rint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_round.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_trunc.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_ceil.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_floor.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_fma.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_fmax.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_fmin.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_llrint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_llround.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_lrint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_lround.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_nearbyint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_rint.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_round.c
    newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_trunc.c
    winsup/cygwin/cygwin.din
    winsup/cygwin/cygwin.sc
    winsup/doc/cygserver.sgml
    winsup/doc/cygwin-api.in.sgml
    winsup/doc/cygwin-ug-net.in.sgml
    winsup/doc/cygwin-ug.in.sgml
    winsup/doc/cygwin.dsl
    winsup/doc/cygwinenv.sgml
    winsup/doc/dll.sgml
    winsup/doc/effectively.sgml
    winsup/doc/faq-sections.xml
    winsup/doc/filemodes.sgml
    winsup/doc/gcc.sgml
    winsup/doc/gdb.sgml
    winsup/doc/legal.sgml
    winsup/doc/new-features.sgml
    winsup/doc/ntsec.sgml
    winsup/doc/overview.sgml
    winsup/doc/overview2.sgml
    winsup/doc/pathnames.sgml
    winsup/doc/programming.sgml
    winsup/doc/setup-net.sgml
    winsup/doc/setup.sgml
    winsup/doc/setup2.sgml
    winsup/doc/textbinary.sgml
    winsup/doc/using.sgml
    winsup/doc/windres.sgml
    winsup/utils/utils.sgml

1 files changed, 196 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/winsup/doc/textbinary.xml b/winsup/doc/textbinary.xml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..112042f82
--- /dev/null
+++ b/winsup/doc/textbinary.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding='UTF-8'?>
+<!DOCTYPE sect1 PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook V4.5//EN"
+		"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
+
+<sect1 id="using-textbinary"><title>Text and Binary modes</title>
+
+<sect2 id="textbin-issue"> <title>The Issue</title>
+
+<para>On a UNIX system, when an application reads from a file it gets
+exactly what's in the file on disk and the converse is true for writing.
+The situation is different in the DOS/Windows world where a file can
+be opened in one of two modes, binary or text.  In the binary mode the
+system behaves exactly as in UNIX.  However on writing in text mode, a
+NL (\n, ^J) is transformed into the sequence CR (\r, ^M) NL.
+</para>
+
+<para>This can wreak havoc with the seek/fseek calls since the number
+of bytes actually in the file may differ from that seen by the
+application.</para>
+
+<para>The mode can be specified explicitly as explained in the Programming
+section below.  In an ideal DOS/Windows world, all programs using lines as
+records (such as <command>bash</command>, <command>make</command>,
+<command>sed</command> ...) would open files (and change the mode of their
+standard input and output) as text.  All other programs (such as
+<command>cat</command>, <command>cmp</command>, <command>tr</command> ...)
+would use binary mode.  In practice with Cygwin, programs that deal
+explicitly with object files specify binary mode (this is the case of
+<command>od</command>, which is helpful to diagnose CR problems).  Most
+other programs (such as <command>sed</command>, <command>cmp</command>,
+<command>tr</command>) use the default mode.</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="textbin-default"><title>The default Cygwin behavior</title>
+
+<para>The Cygwin system gives us some flexibility in deciding how files 
+are to be opened when the mode is not specified explicitly. 
+The rules are evolving, this section gives the design goals.</para>
+
+<orderedlist numeration="loweralpha">
+<listitem>
+<para>If the filename is specified as a POSIX path and it appears to
+reside on a file system that is mounted (i.e.  if its pathname starts
+with a directory displayed by <command>mount</command>), then the
+default is specified by the mount flag.  If the file is a symbolic link,
+the mode of the target file system applies.</para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<para>If the file is specified via a MS-DOS pathname (i.e., it contains a
+backslash or a colon), the default is binary.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<para>Pipes, sockets and non-file devices are opened in binary mode.
+For pipes opened through the pipe() system call you can use the setmode()
+function (see <xref linkend="textbin-devel"></xref> to switch to textmode.
+For pipes opened through popen(), you can simply specify text or binary
+mode just like in calls to fopen().</para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<para>Sockets and other non-file devices are always opened in binary mode.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<para> When redirecting, the Cygwin shells uses rules (a-d).
+Non-Cygwin shells always pipe and redirect with binary mode. With
+non-Cygwin shells the commands <command> cat filename | program </command>
+and <command> program &lt; filename </command> are not equivalent when
+<filename>filename</filename> is on a text-mounted partition. </para>
+<para>The programs <command>u2d</command> and <command>d2u</command> can
+be used to add or remove CR's from a file.  <command>u2d</command> add's CR's before a NL.
+<command>d2u</command> removes CR's.  Use the --help option to these commands
+for more information.
+</para>
+</listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="textbin-question"><title>Binary or text?</title>
+
+<para>UNIX programs that have been written for maximum portability
+will know the difference between text and binary files and act
+appropriately under Cygwin.  Most programs included in the official
+Cygwin distributions should work well in the default mode. </para>
+
+<para>Binmode is the best choice usually since it's faster and
+easier to handle, unless you want to exchange files with native Win32
+applications.  It makes most sense to keep the Cygwin distribution
+and your Cygwin home directory in binmode and generate text files in
+binmode (with UNIX LF lineendings).  Most Windows applications can
+handle binmode files just fine.  A notable exception is the mini-editor
+<command>Notepad</command>, which handles UNIX lineendings incorrectly
+and only produces output files with DOS CRLF lineendings.</para>
+
+<para>You can convert files between CRLF and LF lineendings by using
+certain tools in the Cygwin distribution like <command>d2u</command> and
+<command>u2d</command> from the cygutils package.  You can also specify
+a directory in the mount table to be mounted in textmode so you can use
+that directory for exchange purposes.</para>
+
+<para>As application programmer you can decide on a file by file base,
+or you can specify default open modes depending on the purpose for which
+the application open files.  See the next section for a description of
+your choices.</para>
+
+</sect2>
+
+<sect2 id="textbin-devel"><title>Programming</title>
+
+<para>In the <function>open()</function> function call, binary mode can be
+specified with the flag <literal>O_BINARY</literal> and text mode with
+<literal>O_TEXT</literal>. These symbols are defined in
+<filename>fcntl.h</filename>.</para>
+
+<para>The <function>mkstemp()</function> and <function>mkstemps()</function>
+calls force binary mode.  Use <function>mkostemp()</function> or
+<function>mkostemps()</function> with the same flags
+as <function>open()</function> for more control on temporary files.</para>
+
+<para>In the <function>fopen()</function> and <function>popen()</function>
+function calls, binary mode can be specified by adding a <literal>b</literal>
+to the mode string. Text mode is specified by adding a <literal>t</literal>
+to the mode string.</para>
+
+<para>The mode of a file can be changed by the call
+<function>setmode(fd,mode)</function> where <literal>fd</literal> is a file
+descriptor (an integer) and <literal>mode</literal> is
+<literal>O_BINARY</literal> or <literal>O_TEXT</literal>. The function
+returns <literal>O_BINARY</literal> or <literal>O_TEXT</literal> depending
+on the mode before the call, and <literal>EOF</literal> on error.</para>
+
+<para>There's also a convenient way to set the default open modes used
+in an application by just linking against various object files provided
+by Cygwin.  For instance, if you want to make sure that all files are
+always opened in binary mode by an application, regardless of the mode
+of the underlying mount point, just add the file
+<filename>/lib/binmode.o</filename> to the link stage of the application
+in your project, like this:</para>
+
+<screen>
+  $ gcc my_tiny_app.c /lib/binmode.o -o my_tiny_app
+</screen>
+
+<para>Starting with Cygwin 1.7.7, you can use the even simpler:</para>
+
+<screen>
+  $ gcc my_tiny_app.c -lbinmode -o my_tiny_app
+</screen>
+
+<para>This adds code which sets the default open mode for all files
+opened by <command>my_tiny_app</command> to binary for reading and
+writing.</para>
+
+<para>Cygwin provides the following libraries and object files to set the
+default open mode just by linking an application against them:</para>
+
+<itemizedlist mark="bullet">
+
+<listitem>
+<screen>
+/lib/libautomode.a      -  Open files for reading in textmode,
+/lib/automode.o            open files for writing in binary mode
+</screen>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<screen>
+/lib/libbinmode.a       -  Open files for reading and writing in binary mode
+/lib/binmode.o
+</screen>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<screen>
+/lib/libtextmode.a      -  Open files for reading and writing in textmode
+/lib/textmode.o
+</screen>
+</listitem>
+
+<listitem>
+<screen>
+/lib/libtextreadmode.a  -  Open files for reading in textmode,
+/lib/textreadmode.o        keep default behaviour for writing.
+</screen>
+</listitem>
+
+</itemizedlist>
+
+</sect2>
+
+</sect1>