From dbd7b8d510db6798797e84163d4c38fb57fad890 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: cvs2svn <> Date: Fri, 7 Jun 2013 08:43:02 +0000 Subject: This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create tag 'cygwin- 1_7_20-release'. Sprout from cygwin-64bit-premerge-branch 2013-04-22 17:11:23 UTC cvs2svn 'This commit was manufactured by cvs2svn to create branch 'cygwin-64bit-' Cherrypick from master 2013-06-07 08:43:01 UTC Corinna Vinschen ' * posix.sgml (std-notes): Fix typo.': COPYING.NEWLIB ChangeLog config.guess config.sub config/ChangeLog config/bootstrap-asan.mk config/dfp.m4 config/picflag.m4 include/ChangeLog include/elf/ChangeLog include/elf/aarch64.h include/elf/common.h include/elf/mips.h include/elf/msp430.h include/opcode/ChangeLog include/opcode/avr.h include/opcode/mips.h include/opcode/msp430.h newlib/ChangeLog newlib/MAINTAINERS newlib/configure newlib/configure.host newlib/configure.in newlib/libc/configure newlib/libc/configure.in newlib/libc/ctype/ctype_.c newlib/libc/ctype/isalnum.c newlib/libc/ctype/isalpha.c newlib/libc/ctype/isblank.c newlib/libc/ctype/iscntrl.c newlib/libc/ctype/isdigit.c newlib/libc/ctype/islower.c newlib/libc/ctype/isprint.c newlib/libc/ctype/ispunct.c newlib/libc/ctype/isxdigit.c newlib/libc/include/machine/ieeefp.h newlib/libc/include/machine/setjmp.h newlib/libc/include/reent.h newlib/libc/include/sys/cdefs.h newlib/libc/include/sys/config.h newlib/libc/include/sys/features.h newlib/libc/include/sys/reent.h newlib/libc/include/sys/stat.h newlib/libc/libc.texinfo newlib/libc/machine/arm/Makefile.am newlib/libc/machine/arm/Makefile.in newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy-armv7a.S newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy-armv7m.S newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/arm/memcpy.S newlib/libc/machine/arm/strcmp.S newlib/libc/machine/configure newlib/libc/machine/configure.in newlib/libc/machine/powerpc/Makefile.am newlib/libc/machine/powerpc/Makefile.in newlib/libc/reent/reent.c newlib/libc/stdio/fgetc.c newlib/libc/stdio/fgetwc.c newlib/libc/stdio/fgetws.c newlib/libc/stdio/findfp.c newlib/libc/stdio/fputc.c newlib/libc/stdio/fputwc.c newlib/libc/stdio/fputws.c newlib/libc/stdio/getc.c newlib/libc/stdio/getchar.c newlib/libc/stdio/local.h newlib/libc/stdio/putc.c newlib/libc/stdio/putchar.c newlib/libc/stdio/scanf.c newlib/libc/stdio/setvbuf.c newlib/libc/stdio/ungetwc.c newlib/libc/stdio/vfscanf.c newlib/libc/stdio/vfwscanf.c newlib/libc/stdio/viprintf.c newlib/libc/stdio/viscanf.c newlib/libc/stdio/vprintf.c newlib/libc/stdio/vscanf.c newlib/libc/stdio/vwprintf.c newlib/libc/stdio/vwscanf.c newlib/libc/stdio/wscanf.c newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.am newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.in newlib/libc/stdlib/__atexit.c newlib/libc/stdlib/__call_atexit.c newlib/libc/stdlib/ecvtbuf.c newlib/libc/stdlib/mblen.c newlib/libc/stdlib/mbrlen.c newlib/libc/stdlib/mbrtowc.c newlib/libc/stdlib/mbtowc.c newlib/libc/stdlib/nano-mallocr.c newlib/libc/stdlib/rand.c newlib/libc/stdlib/strtod.c newlib/libc/stdlib/wcrtomb.c newlib/libc/stdlib/wctob.c newlib/libc/stdlib/wctomb.c newlib/libc/string/strtok.c newlib/libc/time/asctime.c newlib/libc/time/gmtime.c newlib/libc/time/lcltime.c newlib/libm/libm.texinfo winsup/cygserver/ChangeLog winsup/cygserver/ChangeLog.64bit winsup/cygserver/Makefile.in winsup/cygserver/bsd_helper.cc winsup/cygserver/bsd_helper.h winsup/cygserver/bsd_log.cc winsup/cygserver/bsd_log.h winsup/cygserver/bsd_mutex.cc winsup/cygserver/client.cc winsup/cygserver/cygserver.cc winsup/cygserver/msg.cc winsup/cygserver/process.h winsup/cygserver/sem.cc winsup/cygserver/shm.cc winsup/cygserver/sysv_shm.cc winsup/cygserver/threaded_queue.h winsup/cygwin/ChangeLog winsup/cygwin/ChangeLog.64bit winsup/cygwin/Makefile.in winsup/cygwin/aclocal.m4 winsup/cygwin/advapi32.cc winsup/cygwin/autoload.cc winsup/cygwin/automode.c winsup/cygwin/binmode.c winsup/cygwin/child_info.h winsup/cygwin/common.din winsup/cygwin/configure winsup/cygwin/configure.ac winsup/cygwin/cpuid.h winsup/cygwin/cygerrno.h winsup/cygwin/cygheap.cc winsup/cygwin/cygheap.h winsup/cygwin/cygmagic winsup/cygwin/cygmalloc.h winsup/cygwin/cygserver.h winsup/cygwin/cygserver_ipc.h winsup/cygwin/cygthread.cc winsup/cygwin/cygtls.cc winsup/cygwin/cygtls.h winsup/cygwin/cygwin.sc.in winsup/cygwin/dcrt0.cc winsup/cygwin/debug.h winsup/cygwin/devices.cc winsup/cygwin/devices.h winsup/cygwin/devices.in winsup/cygwin/dir.cc winsup/cygwin/dlfcn.cc winsup/cygwin/dll_init.cc winsup/cygwin/dll_init.h winsup/cygwin/dtable.cc winsup/cygwin/environ.cc winsup/cygwin/environ.h winsup/cygwin/errno.cc winsup/cygwin/exception.h winsup/cygwin/exceptions.cc winsup/cygwin/external.cc winsup/cygwin/fcntl.cc winsup/cygwin/fenv.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler.h winsup/cygwin/fhandler_clipboard.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_console.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_dev.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_disk_file.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_dsp.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_fifo.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_floppy.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_mailslot.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_mem.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_netdrive.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_proc.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_process.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_procnet.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_procsys.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_procsysvipc.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_random.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_raw.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_registry.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_serial.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_socket.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_tape.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_termios.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_tty.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_virtual.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_virtual.h winsup/cygwin/fhandler_windows.cc winsup/cygwin/fhandler_zero.cc winsup/cygwin/flock.cc winsup/cygwin/fork.cc winsup/cygwin/gendef winsup/cygwin/gentls_offsets winsup/cygwin/glob.cc winsup/cygwin/globals.cc winsup/cygwin/grp.cc winsup/cygwin/heap.cc winsup/cygwin/hookapi.cc winsup/cygwin/i686.din winsup/cygwin/include/a.out.h winsup/cygwin/include/asm/byteorder.h winsup/cygwin/include/bits/wordsize.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/acl.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/config.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/cygwin_dll.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/grp.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/if.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/ipc.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/msg.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/sem.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/shm.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/signal.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/socket.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/stat.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/stdlib.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/sysproto.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/time.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/types.h winsup/cygwin/include/cygwin/version.h winsup/cygwin/include/fcntl.h winsup/cygwin/include/fts.h winsup/cygwin/include/ftw.h winsup/cygwin/include/glob.h winsup/cygwin/include/inttypes.h winsup/cygwin/include/io.h winsup/cygwin/include/limits.h winsup/cygwin/include/mntent.h winsup/cygwin/include/stdint.h winsup/cygwin/include/sys/cygwin.h winsup/cygwin/include/sys/dirent.h winsup/cygwin/include/sys/resource.h winsup/cygwin/include/sys/socket.h winsup/cygwin/include/sys/strace.h winsup/cygwin/init.cc winsup/cygwin/ioctl.cc winsup/cygwin/ipc.cc winsup/cygwin/kernel32.cc winsup/cygwin/lc_msg.h winsup/cygwin/lib/_cygwin_crt0_common.cc winsup/cygwin/lib/crt0.h winsup/cygwin/lib/cygwin_attach_dll.c winsup/cygwin/lib/premain0.c winsup/cygwin/lib/premain1.c winsup/cygwin/lib/premain2.c winsup/cygwin/lib/premain3.c winsup/cygwin/libc/arc4random.cc winsup/cygwin/libc/base64.c winsup/cygwin/libc/bsdlib.cc winsup/cygwin/libc/fts.c winsup/cygwin/libc/ftw.c winsup/cygwin/libc/inet_network.c winsup/cygwin/libc/minires-os-if.c winsup/cygwin/libc/minires.c winsup/cygwin/libc/nftw.c winsup/cygwin/libc/rcmd.cc winsup/cygwin/libc/rexec.cc winsup/cygwin/libstdcxx_wrapper.cc winsup/cygwin/localtime.cc winsup/cygwin/malloc_wrapper.cc winsup/cygwin/miscfuncs.cc winsup/cygwin/mkimport winsup/cygwin/mktemp.cc winsup/cygwin/mmap.cc winsup/cygwin/mount.cc winsup/cygwin/mount.h winsup/cygwin/msg.cc winsup/cygwin/mtinfo.h winsup/cygwin/net.cc winsup/cygwin/netdb.cc winsup/cygwin/nfs.h winsup/cygwin/nlsfuncs.cc winsup/cygwin/ntdll.h winsup/cygwin/ntea.cc winsup/cygwin/passwd.cc winsup/cygwin/path.cc winsup/cygwin/path.h winsup/cygwin/perprocess.h winsup/cygwin/pinfo.cc winsup/cygwin/pinfo.h winsup/cygwin/pipe.cc winsup/cygwin/poll.cc winsup/cygwin/posix.sgml winsup/cygwin/posix_ipc.cc winsup/cygwin/profil.c winsup/cygwin/profil.h winsup/cygwin/pseudo-reloc.cc winsup/cygwin/pwdgrp.h winsup/cygwin/regex/engine.c winsup/cygwin/regex/regcomp.c winsup/cygwin/registry.cc winsup/cygwin/regparm.h winsup/cygwin/release/1.7.19 winsup/cygwin/release/1.7.20 winsup/cygwin/resource.cc winsup/cygwin/sched.cc winsup/cygwin/sec_acl.cc winsup/cygwin/sec_auth.cc winsup/cygwin/sec_helper.cc winsup/cygwin/security.cc winsup/cygwin/security.h winsup/cygwin/select.cc winsup/cygwin/select.h winsup/cygwin/sem.cc winsup/cygwin/shared.cc winsup/cygwin/shared_info.h winsup/cygwin/shm.cc winsup/cygwin/signal.cc winsup/cygwin/sigproc.cc winsup/cygwin/sigproc.h winsup/cygwin/smallprint.cc winsup/cygwin/spawn.cc winsup/cygwin/speclib winsup/cygwin/spinlock.h winsup/cygwin/strace.cc winsup/cygwin/strfuncs.cc winsup/cygwin/strsig.cc winsup/cygwin/sync.cc winsup/cygwin/sync.h winsup/cygwin/syscalls.cc winsup/cygwin/sysconf.cc winsup/cygwin/syslog.cc winsup/cygwin/termios.cc winsup/cygwin/textmode.c winsup/cygwin/textreadmode.c winsup/cygwin/thread.cc winsup/cygwin/thread.h winsup/cygwin/timer.cc winsup/cygwin/times.cc winsup/cygwin/tlsoffsets.h winsup/cygwin/tlsoffsets64.h winsup/cygwin/tty.cc winsup/cygwin/tty.h winsup/cygwin/uinfo.cc winsup/cygwin/wait.cc winsup/cygwin/winbase.h winsup/cygwin/wincap.cc winsup/cygwin/wincap.h winsup/cygwin/window.cc winsup/cygwin/winlean.h winsup/cygwin/winsup.h winsup/cygwin/wow64.cc winsup/cygwin/wow64.h winsup/cygwin/x86_64.din winsup/doc/.cvsignore winsup/doc/ChangeLog winsup/doc/Makefile.in winsup/doc/Wishlist winsup/doc/bodysnatcher.pl winsup/doc/configure winsup/doc/configure.ac winsup/doc/cygserver.xml winsup/doc/cygwin-api.in.xml winsup/doc/cygwin-ug-net.xml winsup/doc/cygwin.xsl winsup/doc/cygwinenv.xml winsup/doc/dll.xml winsup/doc/effectively.xml winsup/doc/faq-api.xml winsup/doc/faq-copyright.xml winsup/doc/faq-programming.xml winsup/doc/faq-resources.xml winsup/doc/faq-setup.xml winsup/doc/faq-using.xml winsup/doc/faq-what.xml winsup/doc/faq.xml winsup/doc/filemodes.xml winsup/doc/gcc.xml winsup/doc/gdb.xml winsup/doc/highlights.xml winsup/doc/legal.xml winsup/doc/new-features.xml winsup/doc/ntsec.xml winsup/doc/ov-ex-unix.xml winsup/doc/ov-ex-win.xml winsup/doc/overview.xml winsup/doc/pathnames.xml winsup/doc/programming.xml winsup/doc/setup-env.xml winsup/doc/setup-files.xml winsup/doc/setup-locale.xml winsup/doc/setup-maxmem.xml winsup/doc/setup-net.xml winsup/doc/specialnames.xml winsup/doc/textbinary.xml winsup/doc/ug-info.xml winsup/doc/using.xml winsup/doc/windres.xml winsup/doc/xidepend winsup/lsaauth/ChangeLog winsup/lsaauth/ChangeLog.64bit winsup/lsaauth/Makefile.in winsup/lsaauth/configure winsup/lsaauth/configure.ac winsup/utils/ChangeLog winsup/utils/ChangeLog.64bit winsup/utils/Makefile.in winsup/utils/aclocal.m4 winsup/utils/configure winsup/utils/cygcheck.cc winsup/utils/dumper.cc winsup/utils/dumper.h winsup/utils/kill.cc winsup/utils/ldd.cc winsup/utils/locale.cc winsup/utils/mkgroup.c winsup/utils/mkpasswd.c winsup/utils/module_info.cc winsup/utils/mount.cc winsup/utils/parse_pe.cc winsup/utils/passwd.c winsup/utils/path.cc winsup/utils/ps.cc winsup/utils/regtool.cc winsup/utils/ssp.c winsup/utils/strace.cc winsup/utils/tzset.c winsup/utils/utils.xml Delete: COPYING3 COPYING3.LIB config.rpath configure.ac ltgcc.m4 newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/Makefile.am newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/Makefile.in newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/aclocal.m4 newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/configure newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/configure.in newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcmp-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcmp.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcpy-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memcpy.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memmove-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memmove.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memset-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/memset.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/setjmp.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strcmp-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strcmp.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strlen-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strlen.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strncmp-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strncmp.S newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strnlen-stub.c newlib/libc/machine/aarch64/strnlen.S newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/Makefile.am newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/Makefile.in newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/aclocal.m4 newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/configure newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/configure.in newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/machine/stdlib.h newlib/libc/machine/epiphany/setjmp.S newlib/libc/machine/powerpc/times.c newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/Makefile.am newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/Makefile.in newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/aclocal.m4 newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/configure newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/configure.in newlib/libc/sys/epiphany/e_printf.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/Makefile.am newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/Makefile.in newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/aclocal.m4 newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/configure newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/configure.in newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_ceil.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_floor.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_fma.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_fmax.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_fmin.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_llrint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_llround.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_lrint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_lround.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_nearbyint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_rint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_round.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/s_trunc.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_ceil.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_floor.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_fma.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_fmax.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_fmin.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_llrint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_llround.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_lrint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_lround.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_nearbyint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_rint.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_round.c newlib/libm/machine/aarch64/sf_trunc.c winsup/cygwin/cygwin.din winsup/cygwin/cygwin.sc winsup/doc/cygserver.sgml winsup/doc/cygwin-api.in.sgml winsup/doc/cygwin-ug-net.in.sgml winsup/doc/cygwin-ug.in.sgml winsup/doc/cygwin.dsl winsup/doc/cygwinenv.sgml winsup/doc/dll.sgml winsup/doc/effectively.sgml winsup/doc/faq-sections.xml winsup/doc/filemodes.sgml winsup/doc/gcc.sgml winsup/doc/gdb.sgml winsup/doc/legal.sgml winsup/doc/new-features.sgml winsup/doc/ntsec.sgml winsup/doc/overview.sgml winsup/doc/overview2.sgml winsup/doc/pathnames.sgml winsup/doc/programming.sgml winsup/doc/setup-net.sgml winsup/doc/setup.sgml winsup/doc/setup2.sgml winsup/doc/textbinary.sgml winsup/doc/using.sgml winsup/doc/windres.sgml winsup/utils/utils.sgml --- winsup/doc/effectively.xml | 184 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 184 insertions(+) create mode 100644 winsup/doc/effectively.xml (limited to 'winsup/doc/effectively.xml') diff --git a/winsup/doc/effectively.xml b/winsup/doc/effectively.xml new file mode 100644 index 000000000..cb25628fd --- /dev/null +++ b/winsup/doc/effectively.xml @@ -0,0 +1,184 @@ + + + + +Using Cygwin effectively with Windows + + +Cygwin is not a full operating system, and so must rely on Windows for +accomplishing some tasks. For example, Cygwin provides a POSIX view +of the Windows filesystem, but does not provide filesystem drivers of +its own. Therefore part of using Cygwin effectively is learning to use +Windows effectively. +Many Windows utilities provide a good way to interact with Cygwin's +predominately command-line environment. For example, +ipconfig.exe provides information about network +configuration, and net.exe views and configures +network file and printer resources. Most of these tools +support the /? switch to display usage information. + + + +Unfortunately, no standard set of tools included with all versions of +Windows exists. Generally, the younger the Windows version, the more +complete are the on-board tools. Microsoft also provides free downloads +for Windows XP (the Windows Support Tools). Additionally, many independent +sites such as +download.com, +simtel.net, +and Microsoft's own +Sysinternals +provide quite useful command-line utilities, as far as they are not +already provided by Cygwin. A few Windows tools, such as +find.exe, link.exe and +sort.exe, may conflict with the Cygwin versions +make sure that you use the full path (/usr/bin/find) +or that your Cygwin bin directory comes first in your +PATH. + + + Pathnames + + +Windows programs do not understand POSIX pathnames, so any arguments +that reference the filesystem must be in Windows (or DOS) format or +translated. Cygwin provides the cygpath utility for +converting between Windows and POSIX paths. A complete description of its +options and examples of its usage are in , +including a shell script for starting Windows Explorer in any directory. +The same format works for most Windows programs, for example + +notepad.exe "$(cygpath -aw "Desktop/Phone Numbers.txt")" + +A few programs require a Windows-style, semicolon-delimited path list, +which cygpath can translate from a POSIX path with the +-p option. For example, a Java compilation from +bash might look like this: + +javac -cp "$(cygpath -pw "$CLASSPATH")" hello.java + +Since using quoting and subshells is somewhat awkward, it is often +preferable to use cygpath in shell scripts. + + + + + Cygwin and Windows Networking + +Many popular Cygwin packages, such as ncftp, +lynx, and wget, require a +network connection. Since Cygwin relies on Windows for connectivity, +if one of these tools is not working as expected you may need to +troubleshoot using Windows tools. The first test is to see if you +can reach the URL's host with ping.exe, one of the +few utilities included with every Windows version since Windows 95. +If you chose to install the inetutils package, +you may have both +Windows and Cygwin versions of utilities such as ftp +and telnet. If you are having problems using one +of these programs, see if the alternate one works as expected. + + + +There are a variety of other programs available for specific situations. +If your system does not have an always-on network connection, you +may be interested in rasdial.exe for automating dialup +connections. +Users who frequently change their network +configuration can script these changes with netsh.exe. +For proxy users, the open source + +NTLM Authorization Proxy Server or the no-charge + +Hummingbird SOCKS Proxy may allow you to use Cygwin network +programs in your environment. + + + + +The cygutils package + + +The optional cygutils package contains +miscellaneous tools that are small enough to not require their own package. +It is not included in a default Cygwin install; select it from the Utils +category in setup.exe. Several of the +cygutils tools are useful for interacting with +Windows. + + +One of the hassles of Unix-Windows interoperability is the different line +endings on text files. As mentioned in , +Unix tools such as tr can convert between CRLF and LF +endings, but cygutils provides several dedicated programs: +conv, d2u, dos2unix, +u2d, and unix2dos. Use the +--help switch for usage information. + + + +Creating shortcuts with cygutils + +Another problem area is between Unix-style links, which link one file +to another, and Microsoft .lnk files, which provide a shortcut to a +file. They seem similar at first glance but, in reality, are fairly +different. By default, Cygwin does not create symlinks as .lnk files, +but there's an option to do that, see . +These symlink .lnk files are compatible with Windows-created .lnk files, +but they are still different. They do not include much of the information +that is available in a standard Microsoft shortcut, such as the working +directory, an icon, etc. The cygutils +package includes a mkshortcut utility for creating +standard native Microsoft .lnk files. + + + +But here's the problem. If Cygwin handled these native shortcuts like any +other symlink, you could not archive Microsoft .lnk files into +tar archives and keep all the information in them. +After unpacking, these shortcuts would have lost all the extra information +and would be no different than standard Cygwin symlinks. Therefore these two +types of links are treated differently. Unfortunately, this means that the +usual Unix way of creating and using symlinks does not work with native +Windows shortcuts. + + + +Printing with cygutils + +There are several options for printing from Cygwin, including the +lpr found in cygutils (not to be confused with the +native Windows lpr.exe). The easiest way to use cygutils' +lpr is to specify a default device name in the +PRINTER environment variable. You may also specify a device +on the command line with the -d or -P +options, which will override the environment variable setting. + + + +A device name +may be a UNC path (\\server_name\printer_name), a reserved +DOS device name (prn, lpt1), or a +local port name that is mapped to a printer share. Note that forward slashes +may be used in a UNC path (//server_name/printer_name), +which is helpful when using lpr from a shell that uses +the backslash as an escape character. + + + +lpr sends raw data to the printer; no formatting is done. +Many, but not all, printers accept plain text as input. If your printer +supports PostScript, packages such as +a2ps and enscript can prepare +text files for printing. The ghostscript package also +provides some translation +from PostScript to various native printer languages. Additionally, a native +Windows application for printing PostScript, gsprint, is +available from the Ghostscript +website. + + + + + -- cgit v1.2.3