/* * ***** BEGIN GPL LICENSE BLOCK ***** * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. * * Contributor(s): Nicholas Bishop * * ***** END GPL LICENSE BLOCK ***** */ /** \file blender/bmesh/operators/bmo_hull.c * \ingroup bmesh */ #include "MEM_guardedalloc.h" #include "BLI_ghash.h" #include "BLI_listbase.h" #include "BLI_math.h" #include "BLI_utildefines.h" /* XXX: using 128 for totelem and pchunk of mempool, no idea what good * values would be though */ #include "BLI_mempool.h" #include "bmesh.h" #define HULL_EPSILON_FLT 0.0001f /* Internal operator flags */ typedef enum { HULL_FLAG_INPUT = (1 << 0), HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT = (1 << 1), HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE = (1 << 2), HULL_FLAG_OUTPUT_GEOM = (1 << 3), HULL_FLAG_DEL = (1 << 4), HULL_FLAG_HOLE = (1 << 5) } HullFlags; /* Store hull triangles seperate from BMesh faces until the end; this * way we don't have to worry about cleaning up extraneous edges or * incorrectly deleting existing geometry. */ typedef struct HullTriangle { BMVert *v[3]; float no[3]; int skip; } HullTriangle; /* These edges define the hole created in the hull by deleting faces * that can "see" a new vertex (the boundary edges then form the edge * of a new triangle fan that has the new vertex as its center) */ typedef struct HullBoundaryEdge { struct HullBoundaryEdge *next, *prev; BMVert *v[2]; } HullBoundaryEdge; /*************************** Boundary Edges ***************************/ static int edge_match(BMVert *e1_v1, BMVert *e1_v2, BMVert *e2[2]) { return (e1_v1 == e2[0] && e1_v2 == e2[1]) || (e1_v1 == e2[1] && e1_v2 == e2[0]); } /* Returns true if the edge (e1, e2) is already in edges; that edge is * deleted here as well. if not found just returns 0 */ static int check_for_dup(ListBase *edges, BLI_mempool *pool, BMVert *v1, BMVert *v2) { HullBoundaryEdge *e, *e_next; for (e = edges->first; e; e = e_next) { e_next = e->next; if (edge_match(v1, v2, e->v)) { /* remove the interior edge */ BLI_remlink(edges, e); BLI_mempool_free(pool, e); return 1; } } return 0; } static void expand_boundary_edges(ListBase *edges, BLI_mempool *edge_pool, const HullTriangle *t) { HullBoundaryEdge *e_new; int i; /* Insert each triangle edge into the boundary list; if any of * its edges are already in there, remove the edge entirely */ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { if (!check_for_dup(edges, edge_pool, t->v[i], t->v[(i + 1) % 3])) { e_new = BLI_mempool_calloc(edge_pool); e_new->v[0] = t->v[i]; e_new->v[1] = t->v[(i + 1) % 3]; BLI_addtail(edges, e_new); } } } /*************************** Hull Triangles ***************************/ static void hull_add_triangle(BMesh *bm, GHash *hull_triangles, BLI_mempool *pool, BMVert *v1, BMVert *v2, BMVert *v3) { HullTriangle *t; int i; t = BLI_mempool_calloc(pool); t->v[0] = v1; t->v[1] = v2; t->v[2] = v3; /* Mark triangles vertices as not interior */ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) BMO_elem_flag_disable(bm, t->v[i], HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); BLI_ghash_insert(hull_triangles, t, NULL); normal_tri_v3(t->no, v1->co, v2->co, v3->co); } static int hull_point_tri_side(const HullTriangle *t, const float co[3]) { /* Added epsilon to fix bug [#31941], improves output when some * vertices are nearly coplanar. Might need further tweaking for * other cases though. */ float p[3], d; sub_v3_v3v3(p, co, t->v[0]->co); d = dot_v3v3(t->no, p); if (d < -HULL_EPSILON_FLT) return -1; else if (d > HULL_EPSILON_FLT) return 1; else return 0; } /* Get all hull triangles that vertex 'v' is outside of */ static GHash *hull_triangles_v_outside(GHash *hull_triangles, const BMVert *v) { GHash *outside; GHashIterator iter; outside = BLI_ghash_ptr_new("outside"); GHASH_ITER (iter, hull_triangles) { HullTriangle *t = BLI_ghashIterator_getKey(&iter); if (hull_point_tri_side(t, v->co) > 0) BLI_ghash_insert(outside, t, NULL); } return outside; } /* For vertex 'v', find which triangles must be deleted to extend the * hull; find the boundary edges of that hole so that it can be filled * with connections to the new vertex, and update the hull_triangles * to delete the marked triangles */ static void add_point(BMesh *bm, GHash *hull_triangles, BLI_mempool *hull_pool, BLI_mempool *edge_pool, GHash *outside, BMVert *v) { ListBase edges = {NULL, NULL}; HullBoundaryEdge *e, *e_next; GHashIterator iter; GHASH_ITER (iter, outside) { HullTriangle *t = BLI_ghashIterator_getKey(&iter); int i; expand_boundary_edges(&edges, edge_pool, t); /* Mark triangle's vertices as interior */ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, t->v[i], HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); /* Delete the triangle */ BLI_ghash_remove(hull_triangles, t, NULL, NULL); BLI_mempool_free(hull_pool, t); } /* Fill hole boundary with triangles to new point */ for (e = edges.first; e; e = e_next) { e_next = e->next; hull_add_triangle(bm, hull_triangles, hull_pool, e->v[0], e->v[1], v); BLI_mempool_free(edge_pool, e); } } static BMFace *hull_find_example_face(BMesh *bm, BMEdge *e) { BMIter iter; BMFace *f; BM_ITER_ELEM (f, &iter, e, BM_FACES_OF_EDGE) { if (BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_INPUT) || !BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_OUTPUT_GEOM)) { return f; } } return NULL; } static void hull_output_triangles(BMesh *bm, GHash *hull_triangles) { GHashIterator iter; GHASH_ITER (iter, hull_triangles) { HullTriangle *t = BLI_ghashIterator_getKey(&iter); if (!t->skip) { BMEdge *edges[3] = { BM_edge_create(bm, t->v[0], t->v[1], NULL, TRUE), BM_edge_create(bm, t->v[1], t->v[2], NULL, TRUE), BM_edge_create(bm, t->v[2], t->v[0], NULL, TRUE) }; BMFace *f, *example = NULL; int i; /* Look for an adjacent face that existed before the hull */ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { if (!example) example = hull_find_example_face(bm, edges[i]); } f = BM_face_create_quad_tri_v(bm, t->v, 3, example, FALSE); BM_face_copy_shared(bm, f); /* Mark face/verts/edges for 'geomout' slot and select */ BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_OUTPUT_GEOM); BM_face_select_set(bm, f, TRUE); for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, t->v[i], HULL_FLAG_OUTPUT_GEOM); BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, edges[i], HULL_FLAG_OUTPUT_GEOM); } } } } /***************************** Final Edges ****************************/ typedef struct { GHash *edges; BLI_mempool *base_pool, *link_pool; } HullFinalEdges; static LinkData *final_edges_find_link(ListBase *adj, BMVert *v) { LinkData *link; for (link = adj->first; link; link = link->next) { if (link->data == v) return link; } return NULL; } static int hull_final_edges_lookup(HullFinalEdges *final_edges, BMVert *v1, BMVert *v2) { ListBase *adj; /* Use lower vertex pointer for hash key */ if (v1 > v2) SWAP(BMVert *, v1, v2); adj = BLI_ghash_lookup(final_edges->edges, v1); if (!adj) return FALSE; return !!final_edges_find_link(adj, v2); } /* Used for checking whether a pre-existing edge lies on the hull */ static HullFinalEdges *hull_final_edges(GHash *hull_triangles) { HullFinalEdges *final_edges; GHashIterator iter; final_edges = MEM_callocN(sizeof(HullFinalEdges), "HullFinalEdges"); final_edges->edges = BLI_ghash_ptr_new("final edges ghash"); final_edges->base_pool = BLI_mempool_create(sizeof(ListBase), 128, 128, 0); final_edges->link_pool = BLI_mempool_create(sizeof(LinkData), 128, 128, 0); GHASH_ITER (iter, hull_triangles) { LinkData *link; int i; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { HullTriangle *t = BLI_ghashIterator_getKey(&iter); BMVert *v1 = t->v[i]; BMVert *v2 = t->v[(i + 1) % 3]; ListBase *adj; /* Use lower vertex pointer for hash key */ if (v1 > v2) SWAP(BMVert *, v1, v2); adj = BLI_ghash_lookup(final_edges->edges, v1); if (!adj) { adj = BLI_mempool_calloc(final_edges->base_pool); BLI_ghash_insert(final_edges->edges, v1, adj); } if (!final_edges_find_link(adj, v2)) { link = BLI_mempool_calloc(final_edges->link_pool); link->data = v2; BLI_addtail(adj, link); } } } return final_edges; } static void hull_final_edges_free(HullFinalEdges *final_edges) { BLI_ghash_free(final_edges->edges, NULL, NULL); BLI_mempool_destroy(final_edges->base_pool); BLI_mempool_destroy(final_edges->link_pool); MEM_freeN(final_edges); } /************************* Initial Tetrahedron ************************/ static void hull_add_tetrahedron(BMesh *bm, GHash *hull_triangles, BLI_mempool *pool, BMVert *tetra[4]) { float center[3]; int i, indices[4][3] = { {0, 1, 2}, {0, 2, 3}, {1, 0, 3}, {2, 1, 3} }; /* Calculate center */ zero_v3(center); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) add_v3_v3(center, tetra[i]->co); mul_v3_fl(center, 0.25f); for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) { BMVert *v1 = tetra[indices[i][0]]; BMVert *v2 = tetra[indices[i][1]]; BMVert *v3 = tetra[indices[i][2]]; float no[3], d[3]; normal_tri_v3(no, v1->co, v2->co, v3->co); sub_v3_v3v3(d, center, v1->co); if (dot_v3v3(no, d) > 0) SWAP(BMVert *, v1, v3); hull_add_triangle(bm, hull_triangles, pool, v1, v2, v3); } } /* For each axis, get the minimum and maximum input vertices */ static void hull_get_min_max(BMesh *bm, BMOperator *op, BMVert *min[3], BMVert *max[3]) { BMOIter oiter; BMVert *v; min[0] = min[1] = min[2] = NULL; max[0] = max[1] = max[2] = NULL; BMO_ITER (v, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_VERT) { int i; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { if (!min[i] || v->co[i] < min[i]->co[i]) min[i] = v; if (!max[i] || v->co[i] > max[i]->co[i]) max[i] = v; } } } /* Returns true if input is coplanar */ static int hull_find_large_tetrahedron(BMesh *bm, BMOperator *op, BMVert *tetra[4]) { BMVert *min[3], *max[3], *v; BMOIter oiter; float widest_axis_len, largest_dist, plane_normal[3]; int i, j, widest_axis; tetra[0] = tetra[1] = tetra[2] = tetra[3] = NULL; hull_get_min_max(bm, op, min, max); /* Check for flat axis */ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { if (min[i] == max[i]) { return TRUE; } } /* Find widest axis */ widest_axis_len = 0.0f; widest_axis = 0; /* set here in the unlikey case this isn't set below */ for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { float len = (max[i]->co[i] - min[i]->co[i]); if (len >= widest_axis_len) { widest_axis_len = len; widest_axis = i; } } /* Use widest axis for first two points */ tetra[0] = min[widest_axis]; tetra[1] = max[widest_axis]; BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, tetra[0], HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT); BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, tetra[1], HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT); /* Choose third vertex farthest from existing line segment */ largest_dist = 0; for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) { BMVert *v; float dist; if (i == widest_axis) continue; v = min[i]; for (j = 0; j < 2; j++) { dist = dist_to_line_segment_v3(v->co, tetra[0]->co, tetra[1]->co); if (dist > largest_dist) { largest_dist = dist; tetra[2] = v; } v = max[i]; } } if (tetra[2]) { BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, tetra[2], HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT); } else { return TRUE; } /* Check for colinear vertices */ if (largest_dist < HULL_EPSILON_FLT) return TRUE; /* Choose fourth point farthest from existing plane */ largest_dist = 0; normal_tri_v3(plane_normal, tetra[0]->co, tetra[1]->co, tetra[2]->co); BMO_ITER (v, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_VERT) { if (!BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, v, HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT)) { float dist = fabsf(dist_to_plane_v3(v->co, tetra[0]->co, plane_normal)); if (dist > largest_dist) { largest_dist = dist; tetra[3] = v; } } } if (tetra[3]) { BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, tetra[3], HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT); } else { return TRUE; } if (largest_dist < HULL_EPSILON_FLT) return TRUE; return FALSE; } /**************************** Final Output ****************************/ static void hull_remove_overlapping(BMesh *bm, GHash *hull_triangles, HullFinalEdges *final_edges) { GHashIterator hull_iter; GHASH_ITER (hull_iter, hull_triangles) { HullTriangle *t = BLI_ghashIterator_getKey(&hull_iter); BMIter bm_iter1, bm_iter2; BMFace *f; int f_on_hull; BM_ITER_ELEM (f, &bm_iter1, t->v[0], BM_FACES_OF_VERT) { BMEdge *e; /* Check that all the face's edges are on the hull, * otherwise can't reuse it */ f_on_hull = TRUE; BM_ITER_ELEM (e, &bm_iter2, f, BM_EDGES_OF_FACE) { if (!hull_final_edges_lookup(final_edges, e->v1, e->v2)) { f_on_hull = FALSE; break; } } /* Note: can't change ghash while iterating, so mark * with 'skip' flag rather than deleting triangles */ if (BM_vert_in_face(f, t->v[1]) && BM_vert_in_face(f, t->v[2]) && f_on_hull) { t->skip = TRUE; BMO_elem_flag_disable(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_HOLE); } } } } static void hull_mark_interior_elements(BMesh *bm, BMOperator *op, HullFinalEdges *final_edges) { BMEdge *e; BMFace *f; BMOIter oiter; /* Check for interior edges too */ BMO_ITER (e, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_EDGE) { if (!hull_final_edges_lookup(final_edges, e->v1, e->v2)) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, e, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); } /* Mark all input faces as interior, some may be unmarked in * hull_remove_overlapping() */ BMO_ITER (f, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_FACE) { BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); } } static void hull_tag_unused(BMesh *bm, BMOperator *op) { BMIter iter; BMOIter oiter; BMVert *v; BMEdge *e; BMFace *f; /* Mark vertices, edges, and faces that are already marked * interior (i.e. were already part of the input, but not part of * the hull), but that aren't also used by elements outside the * input set */ BMO_ITER (v, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_VERT) { if (BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, v, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE)) { int del = TRUE; BM_ITER_ELEM (e, &iter, v, BM_EDGES_OF_VERT) { if (!BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, e, HULL_FLAG_INPUT)) { del = FALSE; break; } } BM_ITER_ELEM (f, &iter, v, BM_FACES_OF_VERT) { if (!BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_INPUT)) { del = FALSE; break; } } if (del) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, v, HULL_FLAG_DEL); } } BMO_ITER (e, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_EDGE) { if (BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, e, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE)) { int del = TRUE; BM_ITER_ELEM (f, &iter, e, BM_FACES_OF_EDGE) { if (!BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_INPUT)) { del = FALSE; break; } } if (del) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, e, HULL_FLAG_DEL); } } BMO_ITER (f, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_FACE) { if (BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE)) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_DEL); } } void hull_tag_holes(BMesh *bm, BMOperator *op) { BMIter iter; BMOIter oiter; BMFace *f; BMEdge *e; /* Unmark any hole faces if they are isolated or part of a * border */ BMO_ITER (f, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_FACE) { if (BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_HOLE)) { BM_ITER_ELEM (e, &iter, f, BM_EDGES_OF_FACE) { if (BM_edge_face_count(e) == 1) { BMO_elem_flag_disable(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_HOLE); break; } } } } /* Mark edges too if all adjacent faces are holes */ BMO_ITER (e, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_EDGE) { int hole = TRUE; BM_ITER_ELEM (f, &iter, e, BM_FACES_OF_EDGE) { if (!BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, f, HULL_FLAG_HOLE)) { hole = FALSE; break; } } if (hole) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, e, HULL_FLAG_HOLE); } } void bmo_convex_hull_exec(BMesh *bm, BMOperator *op) { HullFinalEdges *final_edges; BLI_mempool *hull_pool, *edge_pool; BMVert *v, *tetra[4]; BMElemF *ele; BMOIter oiter; GHash *hull_triangles; /* Verify that at least four verts in the input */ if (BMO_slot_get(op, "input")->len < 4) { BMO_error_raise(bm, op, BMERR_CONVEX_HULL_FAILED, "Requires at least four vertices"); return; } /* Initialize the convex hull by building a tetrahedron. A * degenerate tetrahedron can cause problems, so report error and * fail if the result is coplanar */ if (hull_find_large_tetrahedron(bm, op, tetra)) { BMO_error_raise(bm, op, BMERR_CONVEX_HULL_FAILED, "Input vertices are coplanar"); return; } /* Tag input elements */ BMO_ITER (ele, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_ALL) { BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, ele, HULL_FLAG_INPUT); /* Mark all vertices as interior to begin with */ if (ele->head.htype == BM_VERT) BMO_elem_flag_enable(bm, ele, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); } edge_pool = BLI_mempool_create(sizeof(HullBoundaryEdge), 128, 128, 0); hull_pool = BLI_mempool_create(sizeof(HullTriangle), 128, 128, 0); hull_triangles = BLI_ghash_ptr_new("hull_triangles"); /* Add tetrahedron triangles */ hull_add_tetrahedron(bm, hull_triangles, hull_pool, tetra); /* Expand hull to cover new vertices outside the existing hull */ BMO_ITER (v, &oiter, bm, op, "input", BM_VERT) { if (!BMO_elem_flag_test(bm, v, HULL_FLAG_TETRA_VERT)) { GHash *outside = hull_triangles_v_outside(hull_triangles, v); if (BLI_ghash_size(outside)) { /* Expand hull and delete interior triangles */ add_point(bm, hull_triangles, hull_pool, edge_pool, outside, v); } BLI_ghash_free(outside, NULL, NULL); } } BLI_mempool_destroy(edge_pool); final_edges = hull_final_edges(hull_triangles); hull_mark_interior_elements(bm, op, final_edges); /* Remove hull triangles covered by an existing face */ if (BMO_slot_bool_get(op, "use_existing_faces")) { hull_remove_overlapping(bm, hull_triangles, final_edges); hull_tag_holes(bm, op); } /* Done with edges */ hull_final_edges_free(final_edges); /* Convert hull triangles to BMesh faces */ hull_output_triangles(bm, hull_triangles); BLI_mempool_destroy(hull_pool); BLI_ghash_free(hull_triangles, NULL, NULL); hull_tag_unused(bm, op); /* Output slot of input elements that ended up inside the hull * rather than part of it */ BMO_slot_buffer_from_enabled_flag(bm, op, "interior_geom", BM_ALL, HULL_FLAG_INTERIOR_ELE); /* Output slot of input elements that ended up inside the hull and * are are unused by other geometry. */ BMO_slot_buffer_from_enabled_flag(bm, op, "unused_geom", BM_ALL, HULL_FLAG_DEL); /* Output slot of faces and edges that were in the input and on * the hull (useful for cases like bridging where you want to * delete some input geometry) */ BMO_slot_buffer_from_enabled_flag(bm, op, "holes_geom", BM_ALL, HULL_FLAG_HOLE); /* Output slot of all hull vertices, faces, and edges */ BMO_slot_buffer_from_enabled_flag(bm, op, "geomout", BM_ALL, HULL_FLAG_OUTPUT_GEOM); }