/*
 * Copyright 2014, Blender Foundation.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * Contributor:
 *		Lukas Toenne
 */

#include "MEM_guardedalloc.h"

#include "COM_SunBeamsOperation.h"

SunBeamsOperation::SunBeamsOperation() : NodeOperation()
{
	this->addInputSocket(COM_DT_COLOR);
	this->addOutputSocket(COM_DT_COLOR);
	this->setResolutionInputSocketIndex(0);

	this->setComplex(true);
}

void SunBeamsOperation::initExecution()
{
	/* convert to pixels */
	this->m_source_px[0] = this->m_data.source[0] * this->getWidth();
	this->m_source_px[1] = this->m_data.source[1] * this->getHeight();
	this->m_ray_length_px = this->m_data.ray_length * max(this->getWidth(), this->getHeight());
}

/**
 * Defines a line accumulator for a specific sector,
 * given by the four matrix entries that rotate from buffer space into the sector
 *
 * (x,y) is used to designate buffer space coordinates
 * (u,v) is used to designate sector space coordinates
 *
 * For a target point (x,y) the sector should be chosen such that
 *   ``u >= v >= 0``
 * This removes the need to handle all sorts of special cases.
 * 
 * Template parameters:
 * fxu : buffer increment in x for sector u+1
 * fxv : buffer increment in x for sector v+1
 * fyu : buffer increment in y for sector u+1
 * fyv : buffer increment in y for sector v+1
 */
template <int fxu, int fxv, int fyu, int fyv>
struct BufferLineAccumulator {

	/* utility functions implementing the matrix transform to/from sector space */
	
	static inline void buffer_to_sector(const float source[2], int x, int y, int &u, int &v)
	{
		int x0 = (int)source[0];
		int y0 = (int)source[1];
		x -= x0;
		y -= y0;
		u = x * fxu + y * fyu;
		v = x * fxv + y * fyv;
	}

	static inline void buffer_to_sector(const float source[2], float x, float y, float &u, float &v)
	{
		int x0 = (int)source[0];
		int y0 = (int)source[1];
		x -= (float)x0;
		y -= (float)y0;
		u = x * fxu + y * fyu;
		v = x * fxv + y * fyv;
	}

	static inline void sector_to_buffer(const float source[2], int u, int v, int &x, int &y)
	{
		int x0 = (int)source[0];
		int y0 = (int)source[1];
		x = x0 + u * fxu + v * fxv;
		y = y0 + u * fyu + v * fyv;
	}

	static inline void sector_to_buffer(const float source[2], float u, float v, float &x, float &y)
	{
		int x0 = (int)source[0];
		int y0 = (int)source[1];
		x = (float)x0 + u * fxu + v * fxv;
		y = (float)y0 + u * fyu + v * fyv;
	}

	/**
	 * Set up the initial buffer pointer and calculate necessary variables for looping.
	 *
	 * Note that sector space is centered around the "source" point while the loop starts
	 * at dist_min from the target pt. This way the loop can be canceled as soon as it runs
	 * out of the buffer rect, because no pixels further along the line can contribute.
	 *
	 * \param x, y  Start location in the buffer
	 * \param num  Total steps in the loop
	 * \param v, dv  Vertical offset in sector space, for line offset perpendicular to the loop axis
	 */
	static float *init_buffer_iterator(MemoryBuffer *input, const float source[2], const float co[2],
	                                   float dist_min, float dist_max,
	                                   int &x, int &y, int &num, float &v, float &dv, float &falloff_factor)
	{
		float pu, pv;
		buffer_to_sector(source, co[0], co[1], pu, pv);

		/* line angle */
		float tan_phi = pv / pu;
		float dr = sqrtf(tan_phi * tan_phi + 1.0f);
		float cos_phi = 1.0f / dr;

		/* clamp u range to avoid influence of pixels "behind" the source */
		float umin = max_ff(pu - cos_phi * dist_min, 0.0f);
		float umax = max_ff(pu - cos_phi * dist_max, 0.0f);
		v = umin * tan_phi;
		dv = tan_phi;

		int start = (int)floorf(umax);
		int end = (int)ceilf(umin);
		num = end - start;

		sector_to_buffer(source, end, (int)ceilf(v), x, y);

		falloff_factor = dist_max > dist_min ? dr / (float)(dist_max - dist_min) : 0.0f;

		float *iter = input->getBuffer() + COM_NUM_CHANNELS_COLOR * (x + input->getWidth() * y);
		return iter;
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the actual accumulation along a ray segment from source to pt.
	 * Only pixels withing dist_min..dist_max contribute.
	 *
	 * The loop runs backwards(!) over the primary sector space axis u, i.e. increasing distance to pt.
	 * After each step it decrements v by dv < 1, adding a buffer shift when necessary.
	 */
	static void eval(MemoryBuffer *input, float output[4], const float co[2], const float source[2],
	                 float dist_min, float dist_max)
	{
		rcti rect = *input->getRect();
		int buffer_width = input->getWidth();
		int x, y, num;
		float v, dv;
		float falloff_factor;
		float border[4];
		
		zero_v4(output);
		
		if ((int)(co[0] - source[0]) == 0 && (int)(co[1] - source[1]) == 0) {
			copy_v4_v4(output, input->getBuffer() + COM_NUM_CHANNELS_COLOR * ((int)source[0] + input->getWidth() * (int)source[1]));
			return;
		}

		/* initialise the iteration variables */
		float *buffer = init_buffer_iterator(input, source, co, dist_min, dist_max, x, y, num, v, dv, falloff_factor);
		zero_v3(border);
		border[3] = 1.0f;

		/* v_local keeps track of when to decrement v (see below) */
		float v_local = v - floorf(v);

		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			float weight = 1.0f - (float)i * falloff_factor;
			weight *= weight;
			
			/* range check, use last valid color when running beyond the image border */
			if (x >= rect.xmin && x < rect.xmax && y >= rect.ymin && y < rect.ymax) {
				madd_v4_v4fl(output, buffer, buffer[3] * weight);
				/* use as border color in case subsequent pixels are out of bounds */
				copy_v4_v4(border, buffer);
			}
			else {
				madd_v4_v4fl(output, border, border[3] * weight);
			}
			
			/* TODO implement proper filtering here, see
			 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanczos_resampling
			 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinc_function
			 *
			 * using lanczos with x = distance from the line segment,
			 * normalized to a == 0.5f, could give a good result
			 *
			 * for now just divide equally at the end ...
			 */

			/* decrement u */
			x -= fxu;
			y -= fyu;
			buffer -= (fxu + fyu * buffer_width) * COM_NUM_CHANNELS_COLOR;

			/* decrement v (in steps of dv < 1) */
			v_local -= dv;
			if (v_local < 0.0f) {
				v_local += 1.0f;

				x -= fxv;
				y -= fyv;
				buffer -= (fxv + fyv * buffer_width) * COM_NUM_CHANNELS_COLOR;
			}
		}

		/* normalize */
		if (num > 0) {
			mul_v4_fl(output, 1.0f / (float)num);
		}
	}
};

/**
 * Dispatch function which selects an appropriate accumulator based on the sector of the target point,
 * relative to the source.
 *
 * The BufferLineAccumulator defines the actual loop over the buffer, with an efficient inner loop
 * due to using compile time constants instead of a local matrix variable defining the sector space.
 */
static void accumulate_line(MemoryBuffer *input, float output[4], const float co[2], const float source[2],
                            float dist_min, float dist_max)
{
	/* coordinates relative to source */
	float pt_ofs[2] = {co[0] - source[0], co[1] - source[1]};

	/* The source sectors are defined like so:
	 *
	 *   \ 3 | 2 /
	 *    \  |  /
	 *   4 \ | / 1
	 *      \|/
	 *  -----------
	 *      /|\
	 *   5 / | \ 8
	 *    /  |  \
	 *   / 6 | 7 \
	 *
	 * The template arguments encode the transformation into "sector space",
	 * by means of rotation/mirroring matrix elements.
	 */

	if (fabsf(pt_ofs[1]) > fabsf(pt_ofs[0])) {
		if (pt_ofs[0] > 0.0f) {
			if (pt_ofs[1] > 0.0f) {
				/* 2 */
				BufferLineAccumulator<0,  1,  1, 0>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
			else {
				/* 7 */
				BufferLineAccumulator<0,  1, -1, 0>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
		}
		else {
			if (pt_ofs[1] > 0.0f) {
				/* 3 */
				BufferLineAccumulator<0, -1,  1, 0>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
			else {
				/* 6 */
				BufferLineAccumulator<0, -1, -1, 0>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
		}
	}
	else {
		if (pt_ofs[0] > 0.0f) {
			if (pt_ofs[1] > 0.0f) {
				/* 1 */
				BufferLineAccumulator< 1, 0, 0,  1>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
			else {
				/* 8 */
				BufferLineAccumulator< 1, 0, 0, -1>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
		}
		else {
			if (pt_ofs[1] > 0.0f) {
				/* 4 */
				BufferLineAccumulator<-1, 0, 0,  1>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
			else {
				/* 5 */
				BufferLineAccumulator<-1, 0, 0, -1>::eval(input, output, co, source, dist_min, dist_max);
			}
		}
	}
}

void *SunBeamsOperation::initializeTileData(rcti * /*rect*/)
{
	void *buffer = getInputOperation(0)->initializeTileData(NULL);
	return buffer;
}

void SunBeamsOperation::executePixel(float output[4], int x, int y, void *data)
{
	const float co[2] = {(float)x, (float)y};

	accumulate_line((MemoryBuffer *)data, output, co, this->m_source_px, 0.0f, this->m_ray_length_px);
}

static void calc_ray_shift(rcti *rect, float x, float y, const float source[2], float ray_length)
{
	float co[2] = {(float)x, (float)y};
	float dir[2], dist;

	/* move (x,y) vector toward the source by ray_length distance */
	sub_v2_v2v2(dir, co, source);
	dist = normalize_v2(dir);
	mul_v2_fl(dir, min_ff(dist, ray_length));
	sub_v2_v2(co, dir);

	int ico[2] = {(int)co[0], (int)co[1]};
	BLI_rcti_do_minmax_v(rect, ico);
}

bool SunBeamsOperation::determineDependingAreaOfInterest(rcti *input, ReadBufferOperation *readOperation, rcti *output)
{
	/* Enlarges the rect by moving each corner toward the source.
	 * This is the maximum distance that pixels can influence each other
	 * and gives a rect that contains all possible accumulated pixels.
	 */
	rcti rect = *input;
	calc_ray_shift(&rect, input->xmin, input->ymin, this->m_source_px, this->m_ray_length_px);
	calc_ray_shift(&rect, input->xmin, input->ymax, this->m_source_px, this->m_ray_length_px);
	calc_ray_shift(&rect, input->xmax, input->ymin, this->m_source_px, this->m_ray_length_px);
	calc_ray_shift(&rect, input->xmax, input->ymax, this->m_source_px, this->m_ray_length_px);

	return NodeOperation::determineDependingAreaOfInterest(&rect, readOperation, output);
}