/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later */

#pragma once

/** \file
 * \ingroup fn
 *
 * The `CPPType` class is the core of a runtime-type-system. It allows working with arbitrary C++
 * types in a generic way. An instance of `CPPType` wraps exactly one type like `int` or
 * `std::string`.
 *
 * Every type has a size and an alignment. Every function dealing with C++ types in a generic way,
 * has to make sure that alignment rules are followed. The methods provided by a CPPType instance
 * will check for correct alignment as well.
 *
 * Every type has a name that is for debugging purposes only. It should not be used as identifier.
 *
 * To check if two instances of CPPType represent the same type, only their pointers have to be
 * compared. Any C++ type has at most one corresponding CPPType instance.
 *
 * A CPPType instance comes with many methods that allow dealing with types in a generic way. Most
 * methods come in three variants. Using the construct-default methods as example:
 *  - default_construct(void *ptr):
 *      Constructs a single instance of that type at the given pointer.
 *  - default_construct_n(void *ptr, int64_t n):
 *      Constructs n instances of that type in an array that starts at the given pointer.
 *  - default_construct_indices(void *ptr, IndexMask mask):
 *      Constructs multiple instances of that type in an array that starts at the given pointer.
 *      Only the indices referenced by `mask` will by constructed.
 *
 * In some cases default-construction does nothing (e.g. for trivial types like int). The
 * `default_value` method provides some default value anyway that can be copied instead. What the
 * default value is, depends on the type. Usually it is something like 0 or an empty string.
 *
 *
 * Implementation Considerations
 * -----------------------------
 *
 * Concepts like inheritance are currently not captured by this system. This is not because it is
 * not possible, but because it was not necessary to add this complexity yet.
 *
 * One could also implement CPPType itself using virtual inheritance. However, I found the approach
 * used now with explicit function pointers to work better. Here are some reasons:
 *  - If CPPType would be inherited once for every used C++ type, we would get a lot of classes
 *    that would only be instanced once each.
 *  - Methods like `default_construct` that operate on a single instance have to be fast. Even this
 *    one necessary indirection using function pointers adds a lot of overhead. If all methods were
 *    virtual, there would be a second level of indirection that increases the overhead even more.
 *  - If it becomes necessary, we could pass the function pointers to C functions more easily than
 *    pointers to virtual member functions.
 */

#include "BLI_hash.hh"
#include "BLI_index_mask.hh"
#include "BLI_math_base.h"
#include "BLI_string_ref.hh"
#include "BLI_utility_mixins.hh"

/**
 * Different types support different features. Features like copy constructability can be detected
 * automatically easily. For some features this is harder as of C++17. Those have flags in this
 * enum and need to be determined by the programmer.
 */
enum class CPPTypeFlags {
  None = 0,
  Hashable = 1 << 0,
  Printable = 1 << 1,
  EqualityComparable = 1 << 2,

  BasicType = Hashable | Printable | EqualityComparable,
};
ENUM_OPERATORS(CPPTypeFlags, CPPTypeFlags::EqualityComparable)

namespace blender::fn {

/** Utility class to pass template parameters to constructor of `CPPType`. */
template<typename T, CPPTypeFlags Flags> struct CPPTypeParam {
};

class CPPType : NonCopyable, NonMovable {
 private:
  int64_t size_ = 0;
  int64_t alignment_ = 0;
  uintptr_t alignment_mask_ = 0;
  bool is_trivial_ = false;
  bool is_trivially_destructible_ = false;
  bool has_special_member_functions_ = false;

  void (*default_construct_)(void *ptr) = nullptr;
  void (*default_construct_indices_)(void *ptr, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*destruct_)(void *ptr) = nullptr;
  void (*destruct_indices_)(void *ptr, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*copy_assign_)(const void *src, void *dst) = nullptr;
  void (*copy_assign_indices_)(const void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*copy_construct_)(const void *src, void *dst) = nullptr;
  void (*copy_construct_indices_)(const void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*move_assign_)(void *src, void *dst) = nullptr;
  void (*move_assign_indices_)(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*move_construct_)(void *src, void *dst) = nullptr;
  void (*move_construct_indices_)(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*relocate_assign_)(void *src, void *dst) = nullptr;
  void (*relocate_assign_indices_)(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*relocate_construct_)(void *src, void *dst) = nullptr;
  void (*relocate_construct_indices_)(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*fill_assign_indices_)(const void *value, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*fill_construct_indices_)(const void *value, void *dst, IndexMask mask) = nullptr;

  void (*print_)(const void *value, std::stringstream &ss) = nullptr;
  bool (*is_equal_)(const void *a, const void *b) = nullptr;
  uint64_t (*hash_)(const void *value) = nullptr;

  const void *default_value_ = nullptr;
  std::string debug_name_;

 public:
  template<typename T, CPPTypeFlags Flags> CPPType(CPPTypeParam<T, Flags>, StringRef debug_name);
  virtual ~CPPType() = default;

  /**
   * Two types only compare equal when their pointer is equal. No two instances of CPPType for the
   * same C++ type should be created.
   */
  friend bool operator==(const CPPType &a, const CPPType &b)
  {
    return &a == &b;
  }

  friend bool operator!=(const CPPType &a, const CPPType &b)
  {
    return !(&a == &b);
  }

  /**
   * Get the `CPPType` that corresponds to a specific static type.
   * This only works for types that actually implement the template specialization using
   * `MAKE_CPP_TYPE`.
   */
  template<typename T> static const CPPType &get()
  {
    return CPPType::get_impl<std::remove_cv_t<T>>();
  }
  template<typename T> static const CPPType &get_impl();

  /**
   * Returns the name of the type for debugging purposes. This name should not be used as
   * identifier.
   */
  StringRefNull name() const
  {
    return debug_name_;
  }

  /**
   * Required memory in bytes for an instance of this type.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   `sizeof(T);`
   */
  int64_t size() const
  {
    return size_;
  }

  /**
   * Required memory alignment for an instance of this type.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   alignof(T);
   */
  int64_t alignment() const
  {
    return alignment_;
  }

  /**
   * When true, the destructor does not have to be called on this type. This can sometimes be used
   * for optimization purposes.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   std::is_trivially_destructible_v<T>;
   */
  bool is_trivially_destructible() const
  {
    return is_trivially_destructible_;
  }

  /**
   * When true, the value is like a normal C type, it can be copied around with #memcpy and does
   * not have to be destructed.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   std::is_trivial_v<T>;
   */
  bool is_trivial() const
  {
    return is_trivial_;
  }

  bool is_default_constructible() const
  {
    return default_construct_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_copy_constructible() const
  {
    return copy_assign_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_move_constructible() const
  {
    return move_assign_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_destructible() const
  {
    return destruct_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_copy_assignable() const
  {
    return copy_assign_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_move_assignable() const
  {
    return copy_construct_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_printable() const
  {
    return print_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_equality_comparable() const
  {
    return is_equal_ != nullptr;
  }

  bool is_hashable() const
  {
    return hash_ != nullptr;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true, when the type has the following functions:
   * - Default constructor.
   * - Copy constructor.
   * - Move constructor.
   * - Copy assignment operator.
   * - Move assignment operator.
   * - Destructor.
   */
  bool has_special_member_functions() const
  {
    return has_special_member_functions_;
  }

  /**
   * Returns true, when the given pointer fulfills the alignment requirement of this type.
   */
  bool pointer_has_valid_alignment(const void *ptr) const
  {
    return ((uintptr_t)ptr & alignment_mask_) == 0;
  }

  bool pointer_can_point_to_instance(const void *ptr) const
  {
    return ptr != nullptr && pointer_has_valid_alignment(ptr);
  }

  /**
   * Call the default constructor at the given memory location.
   * The memory should be uninitialized before this method is called.
   * For some trivial types (like int), this method does nothing.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   new (ptr) T;
   */
  void default_construct(void *ptr) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(ptr));

    default_construct_(ptr);
  }

  void default_construct_n(void *ptr, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->default_construct_indices(ptr, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void default_construct_indices(void *ptr, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(ptr));

    default_construct_indices_(ptr, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Call the destructor on the given instance of this type. The pointer must not be nullptr.
   *
   * For some trivial types, this does nothing.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   ptr->~T();
   */
  void destruct(void *ptr) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(ptr));

    destruct_(ptr);
  }

  void destruct_n(void *ptr, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->destruct_indices(ptr, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void destruct_indices(void *ptr, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(ptr));

    destruct_indices_(ptr, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Copy an instance of this type from src to dst.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   dst = src;
   */
  void copy_assign(const void *src, void *dst) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    copy_assign_(src, dst);
  }

  void copy_assign_n(const void *src, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->copy_assign_indices(src, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void copy_assign_indices(const void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || src != dst);
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    copy_assign_indices_(src, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Copy an instance of this type from src to dst.
   *
   * The memory pointed to by dst should be uninitialized.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   new (dst) T(src);
   */
  void copy_construct(const void *src, void *dst) const
  {
    BLI_assert(src != dst || is_trivial_);
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    copy_construct_(src, dst);
  }

  void copy_construct_n(const void *src, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->copy_construct_indices(src, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void copy_construct_indices(const void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || src != dst);
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    copy_construct_indices_(src, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Move an instance of this type from src to dst.
   *
   * The memory pointed to by dst should be initialized.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   dst = std::move(src);
   */
  void move_assign(void *src, void *dst) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    move_assign_(src, dst);
  }

  void move_assign_n(void *src, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->move_assign_indices(src, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void move_assign_indices(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || src != dst);
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    move_assign_indices_(src, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Move an instance of this type from src to dst.
   *
   * The memory pointed to by dst should be uninitialized.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   new (dst) T(std::move(src));
   */
  void move_construct(void *src, void *dst) const
  {
    BLI_assert(src != dst || is_trivial_);
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    move_construct_(src, dst);
  }

  void move_construct_n(void *src, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->move_construct_indices(src, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void move_construct_indices(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || src != dst);
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    move_construct_indices_(src, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Relocates an instance of this type from src to dst. src will point to uninitialized memory
   * afterwards.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   dst = std::move(src);
   *   src->~T();
   */
  void relocate_assign(void *src, void *dst) const
  {
    BLI_assert(src != dst || is_trivial_);
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    relocate_assign_(src, dst);
  }

  void relocate_assign_n(void *src, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->relocate_assign_indices(src, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void relocate_assign_indices(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || src != dst);
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    relocate_assign_indices_(src, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Relocates an instance of this type from src to dst. src will point to uninitialized memory
   * afterwards.
   *
   * C++ equivalent:
   *   new (dst) T(std::move(src))
   *   src->~T();
   */
  void relocate_construct(void *src, void *dst) const
  {
    BLI_assert(src != dst || is_trivial_);
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    relocate_construct_(src, dst);
  }

  void relocate_construct_n(void *src, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->relocate_construct_indices(src, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void relocate_construct_indices(void *src, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || src != dst);
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(src));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    relocate_construct_indices_(src, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Copy the given value to the first n elements in an array starting at dst.
   *
   * Other instances of the same type should live in the array before this method is called.
   */
  void fill_assign_n(const void *value, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->fill_assign_indices(value, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void fill_assign_indices(const void *value, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(value));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    fill_assign_indices_(value, dst, mask);
  }

  /**
   * Copy the given value to the first n elements in an array starting at dst.
   *
   * The array should be uninitialized before this method is called.
   */
  void fill_construct_n(const void *value, void *dst, int64_t n) const
  {
    this->fill_construct_indices(value, dst, IndexMask(n));
  }

  void fill_construct_indices(const void *value, void *dst, IndexMask mask) const
  {
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(value));
    BLI_assert(mask.size() == 0 || this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(dst));

    fill_construct_indices_(value, dst, mask);
  }

  void print(const void *value, std::stringstream &ss) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(value));
    print_(value, ss);
  }

  std::string to_string(const void *value) const
  {
    std::stringstream ss;
    this->print(value, ss);
    return ss.str();
  }

  void print_or_default(const void *value, std::stringstream &ss, StringRef default_value) const
  {
    if (this->is_printable()) {
      this->print(value, ss);
    }
    else {
      ss << default_value;
    }
  }

  bool is_equal(const void *a, const void *b) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(a));
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(b));
    return is_equal_(a, b);
  }

  bool is_equal_or_false(const void *a, const void *b) const
  {
    if (this->is_equality_comparable()) {
      return this->is_equal(a, b);
    }
    return false;
  }

  uint64_t hash(const void *value) const
  {
    BLI_assert(this->pointer_can_point_to_instance(value));
    return hash_(value);
  }

  uint64_t hash_or_fallback(const void *value, uint64_t fallback_hash) const
  {
    if (this->is_hashable()) {
      return this->hash(value);
    }
    return fallback_hash;
  }

  /**
   * Get a pointer to a constant value of this type. The specific value depends on the type.
   * It is usually a zero-initialized or default constructed value.
   */
  const void *default_value() const
  {
    return default_value_;
  }

  uint64_t hash() const
  {
    return get_default_hash(this);
  }

  void (*destruct_fn() const)(void *)
  {
    return destruct_;
  }

  template<typename T> bool is() const
  {
    return this == &CPPType::get<std::decay_t<T>>();
  }
};

}  // namespace blender::fn

/* Utility for allocating an uninitialized buffer for a single value of the given #CPPType. */
#define BUFFER_FOR_CPP_TYPE_VALUE(type, variable_name) \
  blender::DynamicStackBuffer<64, 64> stack_buffer_for_##variable_name((type).size(), \
                                                                       (type).alignment()); \
  void *variable_name = stack_buffer_for_##variable_name.buffer();