/*
 * ***** BEGIN GPL LICENSE BLOCK *****
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
 * of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
 *
 * Contributors:
 *
 * ***** END GPL LICENSE BLOCK *****
 */

/** \file blender/render/intern/source/bake_api.c
 *  \ingroup render
 *
 * \brief The API itself is simple. Blender sends a populated array of BakePixels to the renderer, and gets back an
 * array of floats with the result.
 *
 * \section bake_api Development Notes for External Engines
 *
 * The Bake API is fully implemented with Python rna functions. The operator expects/call a function:
 *
 * ``def bake(scene, object, pass_type, object_id, pixel_array, num_pixels, depth, result)``
 * - scene: current scene (Python object)
 * - object: object to render (Python object)
 * - pass_type: pass to render (string, e.g., "COMBINED", "AO", "NORMAL", ...)
 * - object_id: index of object to bake (to use with the pixel_array)
 * - pixel_array: list of primitive ids and barycentric coordinates to bake(Python object, see bake_pixel)
 * - num_pixels: size of pixel_array, number of pixels to bake (int)
 * - depth: depth of pixels to return (int, assuming always 4 now)
 * - result: array to be populated by the engine (float array, PyLong_AsVoidPtr)
 *
 * \note Normals are expected to be in World Space and in the +X, +Y, +Z orientation.
 *
 * \subsection bake_pixel BakePixel data structure
 *
 * pixel_array is a Python object storing BakePixel elements:
 *
 * \code{.c}
 * struct BakePixel {
 *     int primitive_id, object_id;
 *     float uv[2];
 *     float du_dx, du_dy;
 *     float dv_dx, dv_dy;
 * };
 * \endcode
 *
 * In python you have access to:
 * - ``primitive_id``, ``object_id``,  ``uv``, ``du_dx``, ``du_dy``, ``next``
 * - ``next()`` is a function that returns the next #BakePixel in the array.
 *
 * \note Pixels that should not be baked have ``primitive_id == -1``
 *
 * For a complete implementation example look at the Cycles Bake commit.
 */

#include <limits.h>

#include "MEM_guardedalloc.h"

#include "BLI_math.h"

#include "DNA_mesh_types.h"

#include "BKE_cdderivedmesh.h"
#include "BKE_image.h"
#include "BKE_node.h"
#include "BKE_mesh.h"

#include "IMB_imbuf_types.h"
#include "IMB_imbuf.h"

#include "RE_bake.h"

/* local include */
#include "render_types.h"
#include "zbuf.h"


/* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */
/* defined in pipeline.c, is hardcopy of active dynamic allocated Render */
/* only to be used here in this file, it's for speed */
extern struct Render R;
/* ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ */


typedef struct BakeDataZSpan {
	BakePixel *pixel_array;
	int primitive_id;
	BakeImage *bk_image;
	ZSpan *zspan;
	float du_dx, du_dy;
	float dv_dx, dv_dy;
} BakeDataZSpan;

/**
 * struct wrapping up tangent space data
 */
typedef struct TSpace {
	float tangent[3];
	float sign;
} TSpace;

typedef struct TriTessFace {
	const MVert *mverts[3];
	const TSpace *tspace[3];
	float normal[3]; /* for flat faces */
	bool is_smooth;
} TriTessFace;

static void store_bake_pixel(void *handle, int x, int y, float u, float v)
{
	BakeDataZSpan *bd = (BakeDataZSpan *)handle;
	BakePixel *pixel;

	const int width = bd->bk_image->width;
	const size_t offset = bd->bk_image->offset;
	const int i = offset + y * width + x;

	pixel = &bd->pixel_array[i];
	pixel->primitive_id = bd->primitive_id;

	/* At this point object_id is always 0, since this function runs for the
	 * lowpoly mesh only. The object_id lookup indices are set afterwards. */

	copy_v2_fl2(pixel->uv, u, v);

	pixel->du_dx = bd->du_dx;
	pixel->du_dy = bd->du_dy;
	pixel->dv_dx = bd->dv_dx;
	pixel->dv_dy = bd->dv_dy;
	pixel->object_id = 0;
}

void RE_bake_mask_fill(const BakePixel pixel_array[], const size_t num_pixels, char *mask)
{
	size_t i;
	if (!mask)
		return;

	/* only extend to pixels outside the mask area */
	for (i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		if (pixel_array[i].primitive_id != -1) {
			mask[i] = FILTER_MASK_USED;
		}
	}
}

void RE_bake_margin(ImBuf *ibuf, char *mask, const int margin)
{
	/* margin */
	IMB_filter_extend(ibuf, mask, margin);

	if (ibuf->planes != R_IMF_PLANES_RGBA)
		/* clear alpha added by filtering */
		IMB_rectfill_alpha(ibuf, 1.0f);
}


/**
 * This function returns the coordinate and normal of a barycentric u,v for a face defined by the primitive_id index.
 * The returned normal is actually the direction from the same barycentric coordinate in the cage to the base mesh
 * The returned coordinate is the point in the cage mesh
 */
static void calc_point_from_barycentric_cage(
        TriTessFace *triangles_low, TriTessFace *triangles_cage,
        float mat_low[4][4], float mat_cage[4][4],
        int primitive_id, float u, float v,
        float r_co[3], float r_dir[3])
{
	float data[2][3][3];
	float coord[2][3];
	float dir[3];
	int i;

	TriTessFace *triangle[2];

	triangle[0] = &triangles_low[primitive_id];
	triangle[1] = &triangles_cage[primitive_id];

	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
		copy_v3_v3(data[i][0], triangle[i]->mverts[0]->co);
		copy_v3_v3(data[i][1], triangle[i]->mverts[1]->co);
		copy_v3_v3(data[i][2], triangle[i]->mverts[2]->co);
		interp_barycentric_tri_v3(data[i], u, v, coord[i]);
	}

	/* convert from local to world space */
	mul_m4_v3(mat_low, coord[0]);
	mul_m4_v3(mat_cage, coord[1]);

	sub_v3_v3v3(dir, coord[0], coord[1]);
	normalize_v3(dir);

	copy_v3_v3(r_co, coord[1]);
	copy_v3_v3(r_dir, dir);
}

/**
 * This function returns the coordinate and normal of a barycentric u,v for a face defined by the primitive_id index.
 * The returned coordinate is extruded along the normal by cage_extrusion
 */
static void calc_point_from_barycentric_extrusion(
        TriTessFace *triangles,
        float mat[4][4], float imat[4][4],
        int primitive_id, float u, float v,
        float cage_extrusion,
        float r_co[3], float r_dir[3],
        const bool is_cage)
{
	float data[3][3];
	float coord[3];
	float dir[3];
	float cage[3];
	bool is_smooth;

	TriTessFace *triangle = &triangles[primitive_id];
	is_smooth = triangle->is_smooth || is_cage;

	copy_v3_v3(data[0], triangle->mverts[0]->co);
	copy_v3_v3(data[1], triangle->mverts[1]->co);
	copy_v3_v3(data[2], triangle->mverts[2]->co);

	interp_barycentric_tri_v3(data, u, v, coord);

	if (is_smooth) {
		normal_short_to_float_v3(data[0], triangle->mverts[0]->no);
		normal_short_to_float_v3(data[1], triangle->mverts[1]->no);
		normal_short_to_float_v3(data[2], triangle->mverts[2]->no);

		interp_barycentric_tri_v3(data, u, v, dir);
		normalize_v3(dir);
	}
	else {
		copy_v3_v3(dir, triangle->normal);
	}

	mul_v3_v3fl(cage, dir, cage_extrusion);
	add_v3_v3(coord, cage);

	normalize_v3(dir);
	negate_v3(dir);

	/* convert from local to world space */
	mul_m4_v3(mat, coord);
	mul_transposed_mat3_m4_v3(imat, dir);
	normalize_v3(dir);

	copy_v3_v3(r_co, coord);
	copy_v3_v3(r_dir, dir);
}

/**
 * This function returns the barycentric u,v of a face for a coordinate. The face is defined by its index.
 */
static void calc_barycentric_from_point(
        TriTessFace *triangles, const int index, const float co[3],
        int *r_primitive_id, float r_uv[2])
{
	TriTessFace *triangle = &triangles[index];
	resolve_tri_uv_v3(r_uv, co,
	                  triangle->mverts[0]->co,
	                  triangle->mverts[1]->co,
	                  triangle->mverts[2]->co);
	*r_primitive_id = index;
}

/**
 * This function populates pixel_array and returns TRUE if things are correct
 */
static bool cast_ray_highpoly(
        BVHTreeFromMesh *treeData, TriTessFace *triangles[], BakePixel *pixel_array, BakeHighPolyData *highpoly,
        const float co[3], const float dir[3], const int pixel_id, const int tot_highpoly,
        const float du_dx, const float du_dy, const float dv_dx, const float dv_dy)
{
	int i;
	int primitive_id = -1;
	float uv[2];
	int hit_mesh = -1;
	float hit_distance = FLT_MAX;

	BVHTreeRayHit *hits;
	hits = MEM_mallocN(sizeof(BVHTreeRayHit) * tot_highpoly, "Bake Highpoly to Lowpoly: BVH Rays");

	for (i = 0; i < tot_highpoly; i++) {
		float co_high[3], dir_high[3];

		hits[i].index = -1;
		/* TODO: we should use FLT_MAX here, but sweepsphere code isn't prepared for that */
		hits[i].dist = 10000.0f;

		/* transform the ray from the world space to the highpoly space */
		mul_v3_m4v3(co_high, highpoly[i].imat, co);

		/* rotates */
		mul_v3_mat3_m4v3(dir_high, highpoly[i].imat, dir);
		normalize_v3(dir_high);

		/* cast ray */
		if (treeData[i].tree) {
			BLI_bvhtree_ray_cast(treeData[i].tree, co_high, dir_high, 0.0f, &hits[i], treeData[i].raycast_callback, &treeData[i]);
		}

		if (hits[i].index != -1) {
			/* cull backface */
			const float dot = dot_v3v3(dir_high, hits[i].no);
			if (dot < 0.0f) {
				float distance;
				float hit_world[3];

				/* distance comparison in world space */
				mul_v3_m4v3(hit_world, highpoly[i].obmat, hits[i].co);
				distance = len_squared_v3v3(hit_world, co);

				if (distance < hit_distance) {
					hit_mesh = i;
					hit_distance = distance;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	if (hit_mesh != -1) {
		calc_barycentric_from_point(triangles[hit_mesh], hits[hit_mesh].index, hits[hit_mesh].co, &primitive_id, uv);
		pixel_array[pixel_id].primitive_id = primitive_id;
		pixel_array[pixel_id].object_id = hit_mesh;
		copy_v2_v2(pixel_array[pixel_id].uv, uv);

		/* the differentials are relative to the UV/image space, so the highpoly differentials
		 * are the same as the low poly differentials */
		pixel_array[pixel_id].du_dx = du_dx;
		pixel_array[pixel_id].du_dy = du_dy;
		pixel_array[pixel_id].dv_dx = dv_dx;
		pixel_array[pixel_id].dv_dy = dv_dy;
	}
	else {
		pixel_array[pixel_id].primitive_id = -1;
		pixel_array[pixel_id].object_id = -1;
	}

	MEM_freeN(hits);
	return hit_mesh != -1;
}

/**
 * This function populates an array of verts for the triangles of a mesh
 * Tangent and Normals are also stored
 */
static TriTessFace *mesh_calc_tri_tessface(
        Mesh *me, bool tangent, DerivedMesh *dm)
{
	int i;
	MVert *mvert;
	TSpace *tspace;
	float *precomputed_normals = NULL;
	bool calculate_normal;

	const int tottri = poly_to_tri_count(me->totpoly, me->totloop);
	MLoopTri *looptri;
	TriTessFace *triangles;

	/* calculate normal for each polygon only once */
	unsigned int mpoly_prev = UINT_MAX;
	float no[3];

	mvert = CustomData_get_layer(&me->vdata, CD_MVERT);
	looptri = MEM_mallocN(sizeof(*looptri) * tottri, __func__);
	triangles = MEM_mallocN(sizeof(TriTessFace) * tottri, __func__);

	if (tangent) {
		DM_ensure_normals(dm);
		DM_calc_loop_tangents(dm);

		precomputed_normals = dm->getPolyDataArray(dm, CD_NORMAL);
		calculate_normal = precomputed_normals ? false : true;

		tspace = dm->getLoopDataArray(dm, CD_TANGENT);
		BLI_assert(tspace);
	}

	BKE_mesh_recalc_looptri(
	            me->mloop, me->mpoly,
	            me->mvert,
	            me->totloop, me->totpoly,
	            looptri);

	for (i = 0; i < tottri; i++) {
		MLoopTri *lt = &looptri[i];
		MPoly *mp = &me->mpoly[lt->poly];

		triangles[i].mverts[0] = &mvert[me->mloop[lt->tri[0]].v];
		triangles[i].mverts[1] = &mvert[me->mloop[lt->tri[1]].v];
		triangles[i].mverts[2] = &mvert[me->mloop[lt->tri[2]].v];
		triangles[i].is_smooth = (mp->flag & ME_SMOOTH) != 0;

		if (tangent) {
			triangles[i].tspace[0] = &tspace[lt->tri[0]];
			triangles[i].tspace[1] = &tspace[lt->tri[1]];
			triangles[i].tspace[2] = &tspace[lt->tri[2]];

			if (calculate_normal) {
				if (lt->poly != mpoly_prev) {
					const MPoly *mp = &me->mpoly[lt->poly];
					BKE_mesh_calc_poly_normal(mp, &me->mloop[mp->loopstart], me->mvert, no);
					mpoly_prev = lt->poly;
				}
				copy_v3_v3(triangles[i].normal, no);
			}
			else {
				copy_v3_v3(triangles[i].normal, &precomputed_normals[lt->poly]);
			}
		}
	}

	MEM_freeN(looptri);

	return triangles;
}

bool RE_bake_pixels_populate_from_objects(
        struct Mesh *me_low, BakePixel pixel_array_from[],  BakePixel pixel_array_to[],
        BakeHighPolyData highpoly[], const int tot_highpoly, const size_t num_pixels, const bool is_custom_cage,
        const float cage_extrusion, float mat_low[4][4], float mat_cage[4][4], struct Mesh *me_cage)
{
	size_t i;
	int primitive_id;
	float u, v;
	float imat_low[4][4];
	bool is_cage = me_cage != NULL;
	bool result = true;

	DerivedMesh *dm_low = NULL;
	DerivedMesh **dm_highpoly;
	BVHTreeFromMesh *treeData;

	/* Note: all coordinates are in local space */
	TriTessFace *tris_low = NULL;
	TriTessFace *tris_cage = NULL;
	TriTessFace **tris_high;

	/* assume all lowpoly tessfaces can be quads */
	tris_high = MEM_callocN(sizeof(TriTessFace *) * tot_highpoly, "MVerts Highpoly Mesh Array");

	/* assume all highpoly tessfaces are triangles */
	dm_highpoly = MEM_mallocN(sizeof(DerivedMesh *) * tot_highpoly, "Highpoly Derived Meshes");
	treeData = MEM_callocN(sizeof(BVHTreeFromMesh) * tot_highpoly, "Highpoly BVH Trees");

	if (!is_cage) {
		dm_low = CDDM_from_mesh(me_low);
		tris_low = mesh_calc_tri_tessface(me_low, true, dm_low);
	}
	else if (is_custom_cage) {
		tris_low = mesh_calc_tri_tessface(me_low, false, NULL);
		tris_cage = mesh_calc_tri_tessface(me_cage, false, NULL);
	}
	else {
		tris_cage = mesh_calc_tri_tessface(me_cage, false, NULL);
	}

	invert_m4_m4(imat_low, mat_low);

	for (i = 0; i < tot_highpoly; i++) {
		tris_high[i] = mesh_calc_tri_tessface(highpoly[i].me, false, NULL);

		dm_highpoly[i] = CDDM_from_mesh(highpoly[i].me);
		DM_ensure_tessface(dm_highpoly[i]);

		if (dm_highpoly[i]->getNumTessFaces(dm_highpoly[i]) != 0) {
			/* Create a bvh-tree for each highpoly object */
			bvhtree_from_mesh_faces(&treeData[i], dm_highpoly[i], 0.0, 2, 6);

			if (treeData[i].tree == NULL) {
				printf("Baking: out of memory while creating BHVTree for object \"%s\"\n", highpoly[i].ob->id.name + 2);
				result = false;
				goto cleanup;
			}
		}
	}

	for (i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		float co[3];
		float dir[3];

		primitive_id = pixel_array_from[i].primitive_id;

		if (primitive_id == -1) {
			pixel_array_to[i].primitive_id = -1;
			continue;
		}

		u = pixel_array_from[i].uv[0];
		v = pixel_array_from[i].uv[1];

		/* calculate from low poly mesh cage */
		if (is_custom_cage) {
			calc_point_from_barycentric_cage(tris_low, tris_cage, mat_low, mat_cage, primitive_id, u, v, co, dir);
		}
		else if (is_cage) {
			calc_point_from_barycentric_extrusion(tris_cage, mat_low, imat_low, primitive_id, u, v, cage_extrusion, co, dir, true);
		}
		else {
			calc_point_from_barycentric_extrusion(tris_low, mat_low, imat_low, primitive_id, u, v, cage_extrusion, co, dir, false);
		}

		/* cast ray */
		if (!cast_ray_highpoly(treeData, tris_high, pixel_array_to, highpoly, co, dir, i, tot_highpoly,
		                       pixel_array_from[i].du_dx, pixel_array_from[i].du_dy,
		                       pixel_array_from[i].dv_dx, pixel_array_from[i].dv_dy)) {
			/* if it fails mask out the original pixel array */
			pixel_array_from[i].primitive_id = -1;
		}
	}


	/* garbage collection */
cleanup:
	for (i = 0; i < tot_highpoly; i++) {
		free_bvhtree_from_mesh(&treeData[i]);

		if (dm_highpoly[i]) {
			dm_highpoly[i]->release(dm_highpoly[i]);
		}

		if (tris_high[i]) {
			MEM_freeN(tris_high[i]);
		}
	}

	MEM_freeN(tris_high);
	MEM_freeN(treeData);
	MEM_freeN(dm_highpoly);

	if (dm_low) {
		dm_low->release(dm_low);
	}
	if (tris_low) {
		MEM_freeN(tris_low);
	}
	if (tris_cage) {
		MEM_freeN(tris_cage);
	}

	return result;
}

static void bake_differentials(BakeDataZSpan *bd, const float *uv1, const float *uv2, const float *uv3)
{
	float A;

	/* assumes dPdu = P1 - P3 and dPdv = P2 - P3 */
	A = (uv2[0] - uv1[0]) * (uv3[1] - uv1[1]) - (uv3[0] - uv1[0]) * (uv2[1] - uv1[1]);

	if (fabsf(A) > FLT_EPSILON) {
		A = 0.5f / A;

		bd->du_dx = (uv2[1] - uv3[1]) * A;
		bd->dv_dx = (uv3[1] - uv1[1]) * A;

		bd->du_dy = (uv3[0] - uv2[0]) * A;
		bd->dv_dy = (uv1[0] - uv3[0]) * A;
	}
	else {
		bd->du_dx = bd->du_dy = 0.0f;
		bd->dv_dx = bd->dv_dy = 0.0f;
	}
}

void RE_bake_pixels_populate(
        Mesh *me, BakePixel pixel_array[],
        const size_t num_pixels, const BakeImages *bake_images, const char *uv_layer)
{
	BakeDataZSpan bd;
	size_t i;
	int a, p_id;

	const MLoopUV *mloopuv;
	const int tottri = poly_to_tri_count(me->totpoly, me->totloop);
	MLoopTri *looptri;

	/* we can't bake in edit mode */
	if (me->edit_btmesh)
		return;

	bd.pixel_array = pixel_array;
	bd.zspan = MEM_callocN(sizeof(ZSpan) * bake_images->size, "bake zspan");

	/* initialize all pixel arrays so we know which ones are 'blank' */
	for (i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		pixel_array[i].primitive_id = -1;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < bake_images->size; i++) {
		zbuf_alloc_span(&bd.zspan[i], bake_images->data[i].width, bake_images->data[i].height, R.clipcrop);
	}

	if ((uv_layer == NULL) || (uv_layer[0] == '\0')) {
		mloopuv = CustomData_get_layer(&me->ldata, CD_MLOOPUV);
	}
	else {
		int uv_id = CustomData_get_named_layer(&me->ldata, CD_MLOOPUV, uv_layer);
		mloopuv = CustomData_get_layer_n(&me->ldata, CD_MTFACE, uv_id);
	}

	if (mloopuv == NULL)
		return;

	looptri = MEM_mallocN(sizeof(*looptri) * tottri, __func__);

	BKE_mesh_recalc_looptri(
	        me->mloop, me->mpoly,
	        me->mvert,
	        me->totloop, me->totpoly,
	        looptri);

	p_id = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < tottri; i++) {
		const MLoopTri *lt = &looptri[i];
		const MPoly *mp = &me->mpoly[lt->poly];
		float vec[3][2];
		int mat_nr = mp->mat_nr;
		int image_id = bake_images->lookup[mat_nr];

		bd.bk_image = &bake_images->data[image_id];
		bd.primitive_id = ++p_id;

		for (a = 0; a < 3; a++) {
			const float *uv = mloopuv[lt->tri[a]].uv;

			/* Note, workaround for pixel aligned UVs which are common and can screw up our intersection tests
			 * where a pixel gets in between 2 faces or the middle of a quad,
			 * camera aligned quads also have this problem but they are less common.
			 * Add a small offset to the UVs, fixes bug #18685 - Campbell */
			vec[a][0] = uv[0] * (float)bd.bk_image->width - (0.5f + 0.001f);
			vec[a][1] = uv[1] * (float)bd.bk_image->height - (0.5f + 0.002f);
		}

		bake_differentials(&bd, vec[0], vec[1], vec[2]);
		zspan_scanconvert(&bd.zspan[image_id], (void *)&bd, vec[0], vec[1], vec[2], store_bake_pixel);
	}

	for (i = 0; i < bake_images->size; i++) {
		zbuf_free_span(&bd.zspan[i]);
	}

	MEM_freeN(looptri);
	MEM_freeN(bd.zspan);
}

/* ******************** NORMALS ************************ */

/**
 * convert a normalized normal to the -1.0 1.0 range
 * the input is expected to be POS_X, POS_Y, POS_Z
 */
static void normal_uncompress(float out[3], const float in[3])
{
	int i;
	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
		out[i] = 2.0f * in[i] - 1.0f;
}

static void normal_compress(float out[3], const float in[3], const BakeNormalSwizzle normal_swizzle[3])
{
	const int swizzle_index[6] = {
		0,  /* R_BAKE_POSX */
		1,  /* R_BAKE_POSY */
		2,  /* R_BAKE_POSZ */
		0,  /* R_BAKE_NEGX */
		1,  /* R_BAKE_NEGY */
		2,  /* R_BAKE_NEGZ */
	};
	const float swizzle_sign[6] = {
		+1.0f,  /* R_BAKE_POSX */
		+1.0f,  /* R_BAKE_POSY */
		+1.0f,  /* R_BAKE_POSZ */
		-1.0f,  /* R_BAKE_NEGX */
		-1.0f,  /* R_BAKE_NEGY */
		-1.0f,  /* R_BAKE_NEGZ */
	};

	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
		int index;
		float sign;

		sign  = swizzle_sign[normal_swizzle[i]];
		index = swizzle_index[normal_swizzle[i]];

		/*
		 * There is a small 1e-5f bias for precision issues. otherwise
		 * we randomly get 127 or 128 for neutral colors in tangent maps.
		 * we choose 128 because it is the convention flat color. *
		 */

		out[i] = sign * in[index] / 2.0f + 0.5f + 1e-5f;
	}
}

/**
 * This function converts an object space normal map to a tangent space normal map for a given low poly mesh
 */
void RE_bake_normal_world_to_tangent(
        const BakePixel pixel_array[], const size_t num_pixels, const int depth,
        float result[], Mesh *me, const BakeNormalSwizzle normal_swizzle[3],
        float mat[4][4])
{
	size_t i;

	TriTessFace *triangles;

	DerivedMesh *dm = CDDM_from_mesh(me);

	triangles = mesh_calc_tri_tessface(me, true, dm);

	BLI_assert(num_pixels >= 3);

	for (i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		TriTessFace *triangle;
		float tangents[3][3];
		float normals[3][3];
		float signs[3];
		int j;

		float tangent[3];
		float normal[3];
		float binormal[3];
		float sign;
		float u, v, w;

		float tsm[3][3]; /* tangent space matrix */
		float itsm[3][3];

		size_t offset;
		float nor[3]; /* texture normal */

		bool is_smooth;

		int primitive_id = pixel_array[i].primitive_id;

		offset = i * depth;

		if (primitive_id == -1) {
			copy_v3_fl3(&result[offset], 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
			continue;
		}

		triangle = &triangles[primitive_id];
		is_smooth = triangle->is_smooth;

		for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
			const TSpace *ts;

			if (is_smooth)
				normal_short_to_float_v3(normals[j], triangle->mverts[j]->no);
			else
				normal[j] = triangle->normal[j];

			ts = triangle->tspace[j];
			copy_v3_v3(tangents[j], ts->tangent);
			signs[j] = ts->sign;
		}

		u = pixel_array[i].uv[0];
		v = pixel_array[i].uv[1];
		w = 1.0f - u - v;

		/* normal */
		if (is_smooth)
			interp_barycentric_tri_v3(normals, u, v, normal);

		/* tangent */
		interp_barycentric_tri_v3(tangents, u, v, tangent);

		/* sign */
		/* The sign is the same at all face vertices for any non degenerate face.
		 * Just in case we clamp the interpolated value though. */
		sign = (signs[0]  * u + signs[1]  * v + signs[2] * w) < 0 ? (-1.0f) : 1.0f;

		/* binormal */
		/* B = sign * cross(N, T)  */
		cross_v3_v3v3(binormal, normal, tangent);
		mul_v3_fl(binormal, sign);

		/* populate tangent space matrix */
		copy_v3_v3(tsm[0], tangent);
		copy_v3_v3(tsm[1], binormal);
		copy_v3_v3(tsm[2], normal);

		/* texture values */
		normal_uncompress(nor, &result[offset]);

		/* converts from world space to local space */
		mul_transposed_mat3_m4_v3(mat, nor);

		invert_m3_m3(itsm, tsm);
		mul_m3_v3(itsm, nor);
		normalize_v3(nor);

		/* save back the values */
		normal_compress(&result[offset], nor, normal_swizzle);
	}

	/* garbage collection */
	MEM_freeN(triangles);

	if (dm)
		dm->release(dm);
}

void RE_bake_normal_world_to_object(
        const BakePixel pixel_array[], const size_t num_pixels, const int depth,
        float result[], struct Object *ob, const BakeNormalSwizzle normal_swizzle[3])
{
	size_t i;
	float iobmat[4][4];

	invert_m4_m4(iobmat, ob->obmat);

	for (i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		size_t offset;
		float nor[3];

		if (pixel_array[i].primitive_id == -1)
			continue;

		offset = i * depth;
		normal_uncompress(nor, &result[offset]);

		/* rotates only without translation */
		mul_mat3_m4_v3(iobmat, nor);
		normalize_v3(nor);

		/* save back the values */
		normal_compress(&result[offset], nor, normal_swizzle);
	}
}

void RE_bake_normal_world_to_world(
        const BakePixel pixel_array[], const size_t num_pixels, const int depth,
        float result[], const BakeNormalSwizzle normal_swizzle[3])
{
	size_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		size_t offset;
		float nor[3];

		if (pixel_array[i].primitive_id == -1)
			continue;

		offset = i * depth;
		normal_uncompress(nor, &result[offset]);

		/* save back the values */
		normal_compress(&result[offset], nor, normal_swizzle);
	}
}

void RE_bake_ibuf_clear(Image *image, const bool is_tangent)
{
	ImBuf *ibuf;
	void *lock;

	const float vec_alpha[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
	const float vec_solid[4] = {0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f};
	const float nor_alpha[4] = {0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 0.0f};
	const float nor_solid[4] = {0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

	ibuf = BKE_image_acquire_ibuf(image, NULL, &lock);
	BLI_assert(ibuf);

	if (is_tangent)
		IMB_rectfill(ibuf, (ibuf->planes == R_IMF_PLANES_RGBA) ? nor_alpha : nor_solid);
	else
		IMB_rectfill(ibuf, (ibuf->planes == R_IMF_PLANES_RGBA) ? vec_alpha : vec_solid);

	BKE_image_release_ibuf(image, ibuf, lock);
}

/* ************************************************************* */

/**
 * not the real UV, but the internal per-face UV instead
 * I'm using it to test if everything is correct */
static bool bake_uv(const BakePixel pixel_array[], const size_t num_pixels, const int depth, float result[])
{
	size_t i;

	for (i=0; i < num_pixels; i++) {
		size_t offset = i * depth;
		copy_v2_v2(&result[offset], pixel_array[i].uv);
	}

	return true;
}

bool RE_bake_internal(
        Render *UNUSED(re), Object *UNUSED(object), const BakePixel pixel_array[],
        const size_t num_pixels, const int depth, const ScenePassType pass_type, float result[])
{
	switch (pass_type) {
		case SCE_PASS_UV:
		{
			return bake_uv(pixel_array, num_pixels, depth, result);
		}
		default:
			break;
	}
	return false;
}

int RE_pass_depth(const ScenePassType pass_type)
{
	/* IMB_buffer_byte_from_float assumes 4 channels
	 * making it work for now - XXX */
	return 4;

	switch (pass_type) {
		case SCE_PASS_Z:
		case SCE_PASS_AO:
		case SCE_PASS_MIST:
		{
			return 1;
		}
		case SCE_PASS_UV:
		{
			return 2;
		}
		case SCE_PASS_RGBA:
		{
			return 4;
		}
		case SCE_PASS_COMBINED:
		case SCE_PASS_DIFFUSE:
		case SCE_PASS_SPEC:
		case SCE_PASS_SHADOW:
		case SCE_PASS_REFLECT:
		case SCE_PASS_NORMAL:
		case SCE_PASS_VECTOR:
		case SCE_PASS_REFRACT:
		case SCE_PASS_INDEXOB:  /* XXX double check */
		case SCE_PASS_INDIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_RAYHITS:  /* XXX double check */
		case SCE_PASS_EMIT:
		case SCE_PASS_ENVIRONMENT:
		case SCE_PASS_INDEXMA:
		case SCE_PASS_DIFFUSE_DIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_DIFFUSE_INDIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_DIFFUSE_COLOR:
		case SCE_PASS_GLOSSY_DIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_GLOSSY_INDIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_GLOSSY_COLOR:
		case SCE_PASS_TRANSM_DIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_TRANSM_INDIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_TRANSM_COLOR:
		case SCE_PASS_SUBSURFACE_DIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_SUBSURFACE_INDIRECT:
		case SCE_PASS_SUBSURFACE_COLOR:
		default:
		{
			return 3;
		}
	}
}