config API: add "string" version of *_value_multi(), fix segfaults

Fix numerous and mostly long-standing segfaults in consumers of
the *_config_*value_multi() API. As discussed in the preceding commit
an empty key in the config syntax yields a "NULL" string, which these
users would give to strcmp() (or similar), resulting in segfaults.

As this change shows, most users users of the *_config_*value_multi()
API didn't really want such an an unsafe and low-level API, let's give
them something with the safety of git_config_get_string() instead.

This fix is similar to what the *_string() functions and others
acquired in[1] and [2]. Namely introducing and using a safer
"*_get_string_multi()" variant of the low-level "_*value_multi()"
function.

This fixes segfaults in code introduced in:

  - d811c8e17c6 (versionsort: support reorder prerelease suffixes, 2015-02-26)
  - c026557a373 (versioncmp: generalize version sort suffix reordering, 2016-12-08)
  - a086f921a72 (submodule: decouple url and submodule interest, 2017-03-17)
  - a6be5e6764a (log: add log.excludeDecoration config option, 2020-04-16)
  - 92156291ca8 (log: add default decoration filter, 2022-08-05)
  - 50a044f1e40 (gc: replace config subprocesses with API calls, 2022-09-27)

There are now two users ofthe low-level API:

- One in "builtin/for-each-repo.c", which we'll convert in a
  subsequent commit.

- The "t/helper/test-config.c" code added in [3].

As seen in the preceding commit we need to give the
"t/helper/test-config.c" caller these "NULL" entries.

We could also alter the underlying git_configset_get_value_multi()
function to be "string safe", but doing so would leave no room for
other variants of "*_get_value_multi()" that coerce to other types.

Such coercion can't be built on the string version, since as we've
established "NULL" is a true value in the boolean context, but if we
coerced it to "" for use in a list of strings it'll be subsequently
coerced to "false" as a boolean.

The callback pattern being used here will make it easy to introduce
e.g. a "multi" variant which coerces its values to "bool", "int",
"path" etc.

1. 40ea4ed9032 (Add config_error_nonbool() helper function,
   2008-02-11)
2. 6c47d0e8f39 (config.c: guard config parser from value=NULL,
   2008-02-11).
3. 4c715ebb96a (test-config: add tests for the config_set API,
   2014-07-28)

Signed-off-by: Ævar Arnfjörð Bjarmason <avarab@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Junio C Hamano <gitster@pobox.com>

5 files changed, 45 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/t/t4202-log.sh b/t/t4202-log.sh
index e4f02d8208..ae73aef922 100755
--- a/t/t4202-log.sh
+++ b/t/t4202-log.sh
@@ -835,7 +835,7 @@ test_expect_success 'log.decorate configuration' '
 
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'parse log.excludeDecoration with no value' '
+test_expect_success 'parse log.excludeDecoration with no value' '
 	cp .git/config .git/config.orig &&
 	test_when_finished mv .git/config.orig .git/config &&
 
@@ -843,7 +843,11 @@ test_expect_failure 'parse log.excludeDecoration with no value' '
 	[log]
 		excludeDecoration
 	EOF
-	git log --decorate=short
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: missing value for '\''log.excludeDecoration'\''
+	EOF
+	git log --decorate=short 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'decorate-refs with glob' '
diff --git a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
index 2e65c8139c..894c750080 100755
--- a/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
+++ b/t/t5310-pack-bitmaps.sh
@@ -404,7 +404,7 @@ test_bitmap_cases () {
 		)
 	'
 
-	test_expect_failure 'pack.preferBitmapTips' '
+	test_expect_success 'pack.preferBitmapTips' '
 		git init repo &&
 		test_when_finished "rm -rf repo" &&
 		(
@@ -416,7 +416,11 @@ test_bitmap_cases () {
 			[pack]
 				preferBitmapTips
 			EOF
-			git repack -adb
+			cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+			error: missing value for '\''pack.preferbitmaptips'\''
+			EOF
+			git repack -adb 2>actual &&
+			test_cmp expect actual
 		)
 	'
 
diff --git a/t/t7004-tag.sh b/t/t7004-tag.sh
index f343551a7d..f4a31ada79 100755
--- a/t/t7004-tag.sh
+++ b/t/t7004-tag.sh
@@ -1843,7 +1843,7 @@ test_expect_success 'invalid sort parameter in configuratoin' '
 	test_must_fail git tag -l "foo*"
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'version sort handles empty value for versionsort.{prereleaseSuffix,suffix}' '
+test_expect_success 'version sort handles empty value for versionsort.{prereleaseSuffix,suffix}' '
 	cp .git/config .git/config.orig &&
 	test_when_finished mv .git/config.orig .git/config &&
 
@@ -1852,7 +1852,12 @@ test_expect_failure 'version sort handles empty value for versionsort.{prereleas
 		prereleaseSuffix
 		suffix
 	EOF
-	git tag -l --sort=version:refname
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: missing value for '\''versionsort.suffix'\''
+	error: missing value for '\''versionsort.prereleasesuffix'\''
+	EOF
+	git tag -l --sort=version:refname 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'version sort with prerelease reordering' '
diff --git a/t/t7413-submodule-is-active.sh b/t/t7413-submodule-is-active.sh
index bfe27e5073..887d181b72 100755
--- a/t/t7413-submodule-is-active.sh
+++ b/t/t7413-submodule-is-active.sh
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ test_expect_success 'is-active works with submodule.<name>.active config' '
 	test-tool -C super submodule is-active sub1
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'is-active handles submodule.active config missing a value' '
+test_expect_success 'is-active handles submodule.active config missing a value' '
 	cp super/.git/config super/.git/config.orig &&
 	test_when_finished mv super/.git/config.orig super/.git/config &&
 
@@ -60,7 +60,11 @@ test_expect_failure 'is-active handles submodule.active config missing a value'
 		active
 	EOF
 
-	test-tool -C super submodule is-active sub1
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: missing value for '\''submodule.active'\''
+	EOF
+	test-tool -C super submodule is-active sub1 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual
 '
 
 test_expect_success 'is-active works with basic submodule.active config' '
diff --git a/t/t7900-maintenance.sh b/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
index d82eac6a47..487e326b3f 100755
--- a/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
+++ b/t/t7900-maintenance.sh
@@ -524,7 +524,7 @@ test_expect_success 'register and unregister' '
 	git maintenance unregister --config-file ./other --force
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'register with no value for maintenance.repo' '
+test_expect_success 'register with no value for maintenance.repo' '
 	cp .git/config .git/config.orig &&
 	test_when_finished mv .git/config.orig .git/config &&
 
@@ -532,10 +532,15 @@ test_expect_failure 'register with no value for maintenance.repo' '
 	[maintenance]
 		repo
 	EOF
-	git maintenance register
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: missing value for '\''maintenance.repo'\''
+	EOF
+	git maintenance register 2>actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git config maintenance.repo
 '
 
-test_expect_failure 'unregister with no value for maintenance.repo' '
+test_expect_success 'unregister with no value for maintenance.repo' '
 	cp .git/config .git/config.orig &&
 	test_when_finished mv .git/config.orig .git/config &&
 
@@ -543,8 +548,18 @@ test_expect_failure 'unregister with no value for maintenance.repo' '
 	[maintenance]
 		repo
 	EOF
-	git maintenance unregister &&
-	git maintenance unregister --force
+	cat >expect <<-\EOF &&
+	error: missing value for '\''maintenance.repo'\''
+	EOF
+	test_expect_code 128 git maintenance unregister 2>actual.raw &&
+	grep ^error actual.raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git config maintenance.repo &&
+
+	git maintenance unregister --force 2>actual.raw &&
+	grep ^error actual.raw >actual &&
+	test_cmp expect actual &&
+	git config maintenance.repo
 '
 
 test_expect_success !MINGW 'register and unregister with regex metacharacters' '