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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/git-merge.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/git-merge.txt | 89 |
1 files changed, 83 insertions, 6 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/git-merge.txt b/Documentation/git-merge.txt index 17a15acb07..1f30830d46 100644 --- a/Documentation/git-merge.txt +++ b/Documentation/git-merge.txt @@ -119,6 +119,71 @@ When there are conflicts, these things happen: same and the index entries for them stay as they were, i.e. matching `HEAD`. +HOW CONFLICTS ARE PRESENTED +--------------------------- + +During a merge, the working tree files are updated to reflect the result +of the merge. Among the changes made to the common ancestor's version, +non-overlapping ones (that is, you changed an area of the file while the +other side left that area intact, or vice versa) are incorporated in the +final result verbatim. When both sides made changes to the same area, +however, git cannot randomly pick one side over the other, and asks you to +resolve it by leaving what both sides did to that area. + +By default, git uses the same style as that is used by "merge" program +from the RCS suite to present such a conflicted hunk, like this: + +------------ +Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common +ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed. +<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt +Conflict resolution is hard; +let's go shopping. +======= +Git makes conflict resolution easy. +>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt +And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified. +------------ + +The area a pair of conflicting changes happened is marked with markers +"`<<<<<<<`", "`=======`", and "`>>>>>>>`". The part before the "`=======`" +is typically your side, and the part after it is typically their side. + +The default format does not show what the original said in the conflicted +area. You cannot tell how many lines are deleted and replaced with the +Barbie's remark by your side. The only thing you can tell is that your +side wants to say it is hard and you'd prefer to go shopping, while the +other side wants to claim it is easy. + +An alternative style can be used by setting the "merge.conflictstyle" +configuration variable to "diff3". In "diff3" style, the above conflict +may look like this: + +------------ +Here are lines that are either unchanged from the common +ancestor, or cleanly resolved because only one side changed. +<<<<<<< yours:sample.txt +Conflict resolution is hard; +let's go shopping. +||||||| +Conflict resolution is hard. +======= +Git makes conflict resolution easy. +>>>>>>> theirs:sample.txt +And here is another line that is cleanly resolved or unmodified. +------------ + +In addition to the "`<<<<<<<`", "`=======`", and "`>>>>>>>`" markers, it uses +another "`|||||||`" marker that is followed by the original text. You can +tell that the original just stated a fact, and your side simply gave in to +that statement and gave up, while the other side tried to have a more +positive attitude. You can sometimes come up with a better resolution by +viewing the original. + + +HOW TO RESOLVE CONFLICTS +------------------------ + After seeing a conflict, you can do two things: * Decide not to merge. The only clean-up you need are to reset @@ -126,13 +191,25 @@ After seeing a conflict, you can do two things: up working tree changes made by 2. and 3.; 'git-reset --hard' can be used for this. - * Resolve the conflicts. `git diff` would report only the - conflicting paths because of the above 2. and 3. - Edit the working tree files into a desirable shape - ('git mergetool' can ease this task), 'git-add' or 'git-rm' - them, to make the index file contain what the merge result - should be, and run 'git-commit' to commit the result. + * Resolve the conflicts. Git will mark the conflicts in + the working tree. Edit the files into shape and + 'git-add' to the index. 'git-commit' to seal the deal. + +You can work through the conflict with a number of tools: + + * Use a mergetool. 'git mergetool' to launch a graphical + mergetool which will work you through the merge. + + * Look at the diffs. 'git diff' will show a three-way diff, + highlighting changes from both the HEAD and remote versions. + + * Look at the diffs on their own. 'git log --merge -p <path>' + will show diffs first for the HEAD version and then the + remote version. + * Look at the originals. 'git show :1:filename' shows the + common ancestor, 'git show :2:filename' shows the HEAD + version and 'git show :3:filename' shows the remote version. SEE ALSO -------- |