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---
Introduction
---
Proton is a tool for use with the Steam client which allows games which are
exclusive to Windows to run on Linux and macOS operating systems. It uses Wine
to facilitate this.
Most users will prefer to use Proton provided by the Steam client itself. The
source code is provided to enable advanced users the ability to alter
Proton. For example, some users may wish to use a different version of Wine with
a particular title.
**NOTE:** If you are not comfortable in a command line terminal, or if you find
any of the information presented in here strange and uncomfortable, then
this is probably not for you. The instructions are likely to be incomplete
and require some knowledge and skill on your part, and there is no warranty
or guarantee that anyone will help you with this process.
We strongly recommend that most users use the production build of Proton.
---
Obtaining Proton
---
The most current source for Proton is here:
<https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton>
Which you can clone to your system with this command:
git clone https://github.com/ValveSoftware/Proton.git proton
After cloning the Proton git repository, the next step will be to
obtain the various submodules that go into building Proton:
cd proton
#for linux:
git submodule update --init wine dxvk
#for macos:
git submodule update --init
If you wish to change any subcomponent, now is the time to do so.
For example, if you wish make changes to Wine, you would apply those
changes to the <tt>wine/</tt> directory.
---
Building for Linux
---
To build Proton for Linux, set up a Debian machine with the Steam chroots as
documented in the Steam Runtime repository:
<https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-runtime>
In addition, you will need to install gcc-5 and a long list of dependencies
required for Wine. The following set of commands is an example session, and may
not be complete.
cd ~
git clone https://github.com/ValveSoftware/steam-runtime.git
cd steam-runtime
#install the 32-bit scout_beta runtime:
./setup_chroot.sh --beta --i386
#enter the 32-bit runtime:
schroot --chroot steamrt_scout_beta_i386
This will enter the chroot environment, where you would issue the following commands:
sudo apt-get install gcc-5 g++-5 g++-5-multilib flex bison libosmesa6-dev libpcap-dev libhal-dev libsane-dev libv4l-dev libgphoto2-2-dev libcapi20-dev libgsm1-dev libmpg123-dev libvulkan-dev libxslt1-dev
sudo update-alternatives --install `which gcc` gcc `which gcc-5` 50
sudo update-alternatives --set gcc `which gcc-5`
sudo update-alternatives --install `which g++` g++ `which g++-5` 50
sudo update-alternatives --set g++ `which g++-5`
sudo update-alternatives --install `which cpp` cpp-bin `which cpp-5` 50
sudo update-alternatives --set cpp-bin `which cpp-5`
exit
Next, you need to repeat the process, but for amd64:
./setup_chroot.sh --beta --amd64
schroot --chroot steamrt_scout_beta_amd64
And then repeat all of the commands to install gcc and Wine dependencies again.
In addition, your host system will need to be able to run Wine in both 64- and
32-bit modes in order to create the default prefix. It is recommended to
install Wine from your package manager, including its optional dependencies.
You will also need the Steam runtime located at $HOME/steam-runtime.
Finally, change your directory back to proton, and run:
cd ../proton
./build_proton.sh
That should configure and build Wine, and then package the result up into
<tt>dist/</tt>. It is important to examine the output near the end of
<tt>build/wine.win{64,32}/config.log</tt> to ensure that you have all of the relevant
libraries in each chroot. Search for '<tt>executing Makefile commands</tt>' in
<tt>config.log</tt> to find messages about missing libraries. It is normal to be missing
a few libraries, including OpenCL, OSS, and libav.
**NOTE:** For now, dxvk requires build-time components that are too new for
Debian 9. It's recommended to build the DLLs on Arch Linux, where dxvk is
actively being developed. This may be resolved in dxvk in the future, or may
be worked around by using a newer Debian release. See comments in <tt>build_proton.sh</tt>.
---
Building for macOS
---
To build Proton for macOS, install the latest Xcode command line tools, as
well as cmake (for openal-soft) and a recent nasm (for libjpeg-turbo). You can
use a packager like Homebrew to find these packages. Then run:
./build_proton.sh
TODO - Surely there are other dependencies we have not listed there.
It is important to examine the output near the end of
<tt>build/wine.win{64,32}/config.log</tt> to ensure that you have all of the
relevant libraries required to build Wine properly.
---
Deploying
---
Once built, the <tt>dist/</tt> directory will contain the files which can be distributed
through Steam. For testing purposes, you should be able to clear out the files
in your <tt>steamapps/common/Proton</tt> directory and replace them with the contents of
<tt>dist/</tt>. The <tt>proton</tt> script will unpack the files on first run. Note that if you
use the Steam client to verify local files, it will restore the production version
of Proton.
Each component of this software is used under the terms of their licenses.
See the <tt>LICENSE</tt> files here, as well as the <tt>LICENSE</tt>, <tt>COPYING</tt>, etc files in each
submodule and directory for details.
----
Runtime Config Options
----
Proton can be tuned at runtime to help certain games run. The Steam client sets
some options for known games using the <tt>STEAM_COMPAT_CONFIG</tt> variable.
You can override these options using the environment variables described below.
To enable an option, set the variable to a non-<tt>0</tt> value. To disable an
option, set the variable to <tt>0</tt>.
All of the below are runtime options. They do not effect permanent changes to
the Wine prefix. Removing the option will revert to the previous behavior.
| Compat config string | Environment Variable | Description |
| :-------------------- | :----------------------------- | :----------- |
| <tt>wined3d11</tt> | <tt>PROTON_USE_WINED3D11</tt> | Use OpenGL-based wined3d instead of Vulkan-based DXVK for d3d11. |
| <tt>nod3d11</tt> | <tt>PROTON_NO_D3D11</tt> | Disable <tt>d3d11.dll</tt>, for games which can fall back to and run better with d3d9. |
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