1 files changed, 390 insertions, 391 deletions
diff --git a/src/Http/Routing/test/UnitTests/Patterns/DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest.cs b/src/Http/Routing/test/UnitTests/Patterns/DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest.cs
index 9b17791d41..1f53fb71b3 100644
--- a/src/Http/Routing/test/UnitTests/Patterns/DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest.cs
+++ b/src/Http/Routing/test/UnitTests/Patterns/DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest.cs
@@ -1,403 +1,402 @@
 // Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
 // The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
 
-using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Constraints;
-using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 using System.Collections.Generic;
 using System.Linq;
+using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Constraints;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
 using Xunit;
 
-namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Patterns
+namespace Microsoft.AspNetCore.Routing.Patterns;
+
+public class DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest
 {
-    public class DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest
+    public DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest()
+    {
+        var services = new ServiceCollection();
+        services.AddRouting();
+        services.AddOptions();
+        Transformer = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<RoutePatternTransformer>();
+    }
+
+    public RoutePatternTransformer Transformer { get; }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptNullForAnyKey()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { a = (string)null, b = "", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("a", null), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("b", string.Empty), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_RejectsNullForParameter()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = string.Empty, };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Null(actual);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_AllowRequiredValueAnyForParameter()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = RoutePattern.RequiredValueAny, };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.Defaults.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp)); // default is preserved
+
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", RoutePattern.RequiredValueAny), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_RejectsNullForOutOfLineDefault()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { area = "Admin" };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { area = string.Empty, };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Null(actual);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_RejectsRequiredValueAnyForOutOfLineDefault()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { area = RoutePattern.RequiredValueAny };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { area = string.Empty, };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Null(actual);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller}/{action}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter_WithSameDefault()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+
+        // We should not need to rewrite anything in this case.
+        Assert.Same(actual.Defaults, original.Defaults);
+        Assert.Same(actual.Parameters, original.Parameters);
+        Assert.Same(actual.PathSegments, original.PathSegments);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter_WithDifferentDefault()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller=Blog}/{action=ReadPost}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { area = "Admin", };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("area", "Admin"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+
+        // We should not need to rewrite anything in this case.
+        Assert.NotSame(actual.Defaults, original.Defaults);
+        Assert.NotSame(actual.Parameters, original.Parameters);
+        Assert.NotSame(actual.PathSegments, original.PathSegments);
+
+        // other defaults were wiped out
+        Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("area", "Admin"), Assert.Single(actual.Defaults));
+        Assert.Null(actual.GetParameter("controller").Default);
+        Assert.False(actual.Defaults.ContainsKey("controller"));
+        Assert.Null(actual.GetParameter("action").Default);
+        Assert.False(actual.Defaults.ContainsKey("action"));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter_WithMatchingConstraint()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller}/{action}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { controller = "Home", action = new RegexRouteConstraint("Index"), };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanRejectValueForParameter_WithNonMatchingConstraint()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "{controller}/{action}/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { };
+        var policies = new { controller = "Home", action = new RegexRouteConstraint("Index"), };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Blog", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Null(actual);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForDefault_WithSameValue()
     {
-        public DefaultRoutePatternTransformerTest()
-        {
-            var services = new ServiceCollection();
-            services.AddRouting();
-            services.AddOptions();
-            Transformer = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<RoutePatternTransformer>();
-        }
-
-        public RoutePatternTransformer Transformer { get; }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptNullForAnyKey()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { a = (string)null, b = "", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("a", null), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("b", string.Empty), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_RejectsNullForParameter()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = string.Empty, };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Null(actual);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_AllowRequiredValueAnyForParameter()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = RoutePattern.RequiredValueAny, };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.Defaults.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp)); // default is preserved
-
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", RoutePattern.RequiredValueAny), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_RejectsNullForOutOfLineDefault()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { area = "Admin" };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { area = string.Empty, };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Null(actual);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_RejectsRequiredValueAnyForOutOfLineDefault()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { area = RoutePattern.RequiredValueAny };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { area = string.Empty, };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Null(actual);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller}/{action}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter_WithSameDefault()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Home}/{action=Index}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-
-            // We should not need to rewrite anything in this case.
-            Assert.Same(actual.Defaults, original.Defaults);
-            Assert.Same(actual.Parameters, original.Parameters);
-            Assert.Same(actual.PathSegments, original.PathSegments);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter_WithDifferentDefault()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller=Blog}/{action=ReadPost}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { area = "Admin", };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("area", "Admin"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-
-            // We should not need to rewrite anything in this case.
-            Assert.NotSame(actual.Defaults, original.Defaults);
-            Assert.NotSame(actual.Parameters, original.Parameters);
-            Assert.NotSame(actual.PathSegments, original.PathSegments);
-
-            // other defaults were wiped out
-            Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("area", "Admin"), Assert.Single(actual.Defaults));
-            Assert.Null(actual.GetParameter("controller").Default);
-            Assert.False(actual.Defaults.ContainsKey("controller"));
-            Assert.Null(actual.GetParameter("action").Default);
-            Assert.False(actual.Defaults.ContainsKey("action"));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForParameter_WithMatchingConstraint()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller}/{action}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { controller = "Home", action = new RegexRouteConstraint("Index"), };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanRejectValueForParameter_WithNonMatchingConstraint()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "{controller}/{action}/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { };
-            var policies = new { controller = "Home", action = new RegexRouteConstraint("Index"), };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Blog", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Null(actual);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForDefault_WithSameValue()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanRejectValueForDefault_WithDifferentValue()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Blog", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Null(actual);
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForDefault_WithSameValue_Null()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { controller = (string)null, action = "", };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = string.Empty, action = (string)null, };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", null), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", ""), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForDefault_WithSameValue_WithMatchingConstraint()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-            var policies = new { controller = "Home", };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanRejectValueForDefault_WithSameValue_WithNonMatchingConstraint()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-            var policies = new { controller = "Home", };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-        }
-
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanMergeExistingRequiredValues()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
-            var defaults = new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies, new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", });
-
-            var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Collection(
-                actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("area", "Admin"), kvp),
-                kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
-        }
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanRejectValueForDefault_WithDifferentValue()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Blog", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Null(actual);
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForDefault_WithSameValue_Null()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { controller = (string)null, action = "", };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = string.Empty, action = (string)null, };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", null), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", ""), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanAcceptValueForDefault_WithSameValue_WithMatchingConstraint()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+        var policies = new { controller = "Home", };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanRejectValueForDefault_WithSameValue_WithNonMatchingConstraint()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+        var policies = new { controller = "Home", };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_CanMergeExistingRequiredValues()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "Home/Index/{id?}";
+        var defaults = new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies, new { area = "Admin", controller = "Home", });
+
+        var requiredValues = new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
+
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Collection(
+            actual.RequiredValues.OrderBy(kvp => kvp.Key),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("action", "Index"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("area", "Admin"), kvp),
+            kvp => Assert.Equal(new KeyValuePair<string, object>("controller", "Home"), kvp));
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void SubstituteRequiredValues_NullRequiredValueParameter_Fail()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        var template = "PageRoute/Attribute/{page}";
+        var defaults = new { area = (string)null, page = (string)null, controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+        var policies = new { };
+
+        var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
+
+        var requiredValues = new { area = (string)null, page = (string)null, controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
+
+        // Act
+        var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
 
-        [Fact]
-        public void SubstituteRequiredValues_NullRequiredValueParameter_Fail()
-        {
-            // Arrange
-            var template = "PageRoute/Attribute/{page}";
-            var defaults = new { area = (string)null, page = (string)null, controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-            var policies = new { };
-
-            var original = RoutePatternFactory.Parse(template, defaults, policies);
-
-            var requiredValues = new { area = (string)null, page = (string)null, controller = "Home", action = "Index", };
-
-            // Act
-            var actual = Transformer.SubstituteRequiredValues(original, requiredValues);
-
-            // Assert
-            Assert.Null(actual);
-        }
+        // Assert
+        Assert.Null(actual);
     }
 }