// Licensed to the .NET Foundation under one or more agreements.
// The .NET Foundation licenses this file to you under the MIT license.
// See the LICENSE file in the project root for more information.

//
// Unmanaged helpers called by the managed finalizer thread.
//
#include "common.h"
#include "gcenv.h"
#include "gcheaputilities.h"

#include "slist.h"
#include "gcrhinterface.h"
#include "RWLock.h"
#include "RuntimeInstance.h"
#include "shash.h"
#include "module.h"

#include "regdisplay.h"
#include "StackFrameIterator.h"

#include "thread.h"
#include "threadstore.h"
#include "threadstore.inl"
#include "thread.inl"

GPTR_DECL(Thread, g_pFinalizerThread);

CLREventStatic g_FinalizerEvent;
CLREventStatic g_FinalizerDoneEvent;

// Finalizer method implemented by redhawkm.
extern "C" void __cdecl ProcessFinalizers();

// Unmanaged front-end to the finalizer thread. We require this because at the point the GC creates the
// finalizer thread we're still executing the DllMain for RedhawkU. At that point we can't run managed code
// successfully (in particular module initialization code has not run for RedhawkM). Instead this method waits
// for the first finalization request (by which time everything must be up and running) and kicks off the
// managed portion of the thread at that point.
UInt32 WINAPI FinalizerStart(void* pContext)
{
    HANDLE hFinalizerEvent = (HANDLE)pContext;

    ThreadStore::AttachCurrentThread();
    Thread * pThread = GetThread();

    // Disallow gcstress on this thread to work around the current implementation's limitation that it will 
    // get into an infinite loop if performed on the finalizer thread.
    pThread->SetSuppressGcStress();

    g_pFinalizerThread = PTR_Thread(pThread);

    // Wait for a finalization request.
    UInt32 uResult = PalWaitForSingleObjectEx(hFinalizerEvent, INFINITE, FALSE);
    ASSERT(uResult == WAIT_OBJECT_0);

    // Since we just consumed the request (and the event is auto-reset) we must set the event again so the
    // managed finalizer code will immediately start processing the queue when we run it.
    UInt32_BOOL fResult = PalSetEvent(hFinalizerEvent);
    ASSERT(fResult);

    // Run the managed portion of the finalizer. Until we implement (non-process) shutdown this call will
    // never return.

    ProcessFinalizers();

    ASSERT(!"Finalizer thread should never return");
    return 0;
}

bool RhStartFinalizerThread()
{
#ifdef APP_LOCAL_RUNTIME

    //
    // On app-local runtimes, if we're running with the fallback PAL code (meaning we don't have IManagedRuntimeServices)
    // then we use the WinRT ThreadPool to create the finalizer thread.  This might fail at startup, if the current thread
    // hasn't been CoInitialized.  So we need to retry this later.  We use fFinalizerThreadCreated to track whether we've
    // successfully created the finalizer thread yet, and also as a sort of lock to make sure two threads don't try
    // to create the finalizer thread at the same time.
    //
    static volatile Int32 fFinalizerThreadCreated;

    if (Interlocked::Exchange(&fFinalizerThreadCreated, 1) != 1)
    {
        if (!PalStartFinalizerThread(FinalizerStart, (void*)g_FinalizerEvent.GetOSEvent()))
        {
            // Need to try again another time...
            Interlocked::Exchange(&fFinalizerThreadCreated, 0);
        }
    }

    // We always return true, so the GC can start even if we failed. 
    return true;

#else // APP_LOCAL_RUNTIME

    //
    // If this isn't an app-local runtime, then the PAL will just call CreateThread directly, which should succeed
    // under normal circumstances.
    //
    if (PalStartFinalizerThread(FinalizerStart, (void*)g_FinalizerEvent.GetOSEvent()))
        return true;
    else
        return false;

#endif // APP_LOCAL_RUNTIME
}

bool RhInitializeFinalization()
{
    // Allocate the events the GC expects the finalizer thread to have. The g_FinalizerEvent event is signalled
    // by the GC whenever it completes a collection where it found otherwise unreachable finalizable objects.
    // The g_FinalizerDoneEvent is set by the finalizer thread every time it wakes up and drains the
    // queue of finalizable objects. It's mainly used by GC.WaitForPendingFinalizers().
    if (!g_FinalizerEvent.CreateAutoEventNoThrow(false))
        return false;
    if (!g_FinalizerDoneEvent.CreateManualEventNoThrow(false))
        return false;

    // Create the finalizer thread itself.
    if (!RhStartFinalizerThread())
        return false;

    return true;
}

void RhEnableFinalization()
{
    g_FinalizerEvent.Set();
}

EXTERN_C REDHAWK_API void __cdecl RhWaitForPendingFinalizers(UInt32_BOOL allowReentrantWait)
{
    // This must be called via p/invoke rather than RuntimeImport since it blocks and could starve the GC if
    // called in cooperative mode.
    ASSERT(!GetThread()->IsCurrentThreadInCooperativeMode());

    // Can't call this from the finalizer thread itself.
    if (GetThread() != g_pFinalizerThread)
    {
        // Clear any current indication that a finalization pass is finished and wake the finalizer thread up
        // (if there's no work to do it'll set the done event immediately).
        g_FinalizerDoneEvent.Reset();
        g_FinalizerEvent.Set();

#ifdef APP_LOCAL_RUNTIME
        // We may have failed to create the finalizer thread at startup.  
        // Try again now.
        RhStartFinalizerThread();
#endif

        // Wait for the finalizer thread to get back to us.
        g_FinalizerDoneEvent.Wait(INFINITE, false, allowReentrantWait);
    }
}

// Block the current thread until at least one object needs to be finalized (returns true) or memory is low
// (returns false and the finalizer thread should initiate a garbage collection).
EXTERN_C REDHAWK_API UInt32_BOOL __cdecl RhpWaitForFinalizerRequest()
{
    // We can wait for two events; finalization queue has been populated and low memory resource notification.
    // But if the latter is signalled we shouldn't wait on it again immediately -- if the garbage collection
    // the finalizer thread initiates as a result is not sufficient to remove the low memory condition the
    // event will still be signalled and we'll end up looping doing cpu intensive collections, which won't
    // help the situation at all and could make it worse. So we remember whether the last event we reported
    // was low memory and if so we'll wait at least two seconds (the CLR value) on just a finalization
    // request.
    static bool fLastEventWasLowMemory = false;

    IGCHeap * pHeap = GCHeapUtilities::GetGCHeap();

    // Wait in a loop because we may have to retry if we decide to only wait for finalization events but the
    // two second timeout expires.
    do
    {
        HANDLE  lowMemEvent = NULL;
#if 0 // TODO: hook up low memory notification
        lowMemEvent = pHeap->GetLowMemoryNotificationEvent();
        HANDLE  rgWaitHandles[] = { g_FinalizerEvent.GetOSEvent(), lowMemEvent };
        UInt32  cWaitHandles = (fLastEventWasLowMemory || (lowMemEvent == NULL)) ? 1 : 2;
        UInt32  uTimeout = fLastEventWasLowMemory ? 2000 : INFINITE;

        UInt32 uResult = PalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx(cWaitHandles, rgWaitHandles, FALSE, uTimeout, FALSE);
#else
        UInt32 uResult = PalWaitForSingleObjectEx(g_FinalizerEvent.GetOSEvent(), INFINITE, FALSE);
#endif

        switch (uResult)
        {
        case WAIT_OBJECT_0:
            // At least one object is ready for finalization.
            return TRUE;

        case WAIT_OBJECT_0 + 1:
            // Memory is low, tell the finalizer thread to garbage collect.
            ASSERT(!fLastEventWasLowMemory);
            fLastEventWasLowMemory = true;
            return FALSE;

        case WAIT_TIMEOUT:
            // We were waiting only for finalization events but didn't get one within the timeout period. Go
            // back to waiting for any event.
            ASSERT(fLastEventWasLowMemory);
            fLastEventWasLowMemory = false;
            break;

        default:
            ASSERT(!"Unexpected PalWaitForMultipleObjectsEx() result");
            return FALSE;
        }
    } while (true);
}

// Indicate that the current round of finalizations is complete.
EXTERN_C REDHAWK_API void __cdecl RhpSignalFinalizationComplete()
{
    g_FinalizerDoneEvent.Set();
}

//
// The following helpers are special in that they interact with internal GC state or directly manipulate
// managed references so they're called with a special co-operative p/invoke.
//

// Fetch next object which needs finalization or return null if we've reached the end of the list.
COOP_PINVOKE_HELPER(OBJECTREF, RhpGetNextFinalizableObject, ())
{
    while (true)
    {
        // Get the next finalizable object. If we get back NULL we've reached the end of the list.
        OBJECTREF refNext = GCHeapUtilities::GetGCHeap()->GetNextFinalizable();
        if (refNext == NULL)
            return NULL;

        // The queue may contain objects which have been marked as finalized already (via GC.SuppressFinalize()
        // for instance). Skip finalization for these but reset the flag so that the object can be put back on
        // the list with RegisterForFinalization().
        if (refNext->GetHeader()->GetBits() & BIT_SBLK_FINALIZER_RUN)
        {
            refNext->GetHeader()->ClrBit(BIT_SBLK_FINALIZER_RUN);
            continue;
        }

        // We've found the first finalizable object, return it to the caller.
        return refNext;
    }
}

// This function walks the list of modules looking for any module that is a class library and has not yet 
// had its finalizer init callback invoked.  It gets invoked in a loop, so it's technically O(n*m), but the
// number of classlibs subscribing to this callback is almost certainly going to be 1.
COOP_PINVOKE_HELPER(void *, RhpGetNextFinalizerInitCallback, ())
{
    FOREACH_MODULE(pModule)
    {
        if (pModule->IsClasslibModule()
            && !pModule->IsFinalizerInitComplete())
        {
            pModule->SetFinalizerInitComplete();
            void * retval = pModule->GetClasslibInitializeFinalizerThread();

            // The caller loops until we return null, so we should only be returning null if we've walked all
            // the modules and found no callbacks yet to be made.
            if (retval != NULL)
            {
                return retval;
            }
        }
    }
    END_FOREACH_MODULE;

    return NULL;
}