Prepare java.util.TimeZone for forking.

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+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * (C) Copyright Taligent, Inc. 1996 - All Rights Reserved
+ * (C) Copyright IBM Corp. 1996 - All Rights Reserved
+ *
+ *   The original version of this source code and documentation is copyrighted
+ * and owned by Taligent, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary of IBM. These
+ * materials are provided under terms of a License Agreement between Taligent
+ * and Sun. This technology is protected by multiple US and International
+ * patents. This notice and attribution to Taligent may not be removed.
+ *   Taligent is a registered trademark of Taligent, Inc.
+ *
+ */
+
+package java.util;
+
+import java.io.Serializable;
+import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
+import java.security.AccessController;
+import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
+import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
+import sun.awt.AppContext;
+import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
+import sun.util.TimeZoneNameUtility;
+import sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfo;
+import sun.util.calendar.ZoneInfoFile;
+
+/**
+ * <code>TimeZone</code> represents a time zone offset, and also figures out daylight
+ * savings.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * Typically, you get a <code>TimeZone</code> using <code>getDefault</code>
+ * which creates a <code>TimeZone</code> based on the time zone where the program
+ * is running. For example, for a program running in Japan, <code>getDefault</code>
+ * creates a <code>TimeZone</code> object based on Japanese Standard Time.
+ *
+ * <p>
+ * You can also get a <code>TimeZone</code> using <code>getTimeZone</code>
+ * along with a time zone ID. For instance, the time zone ID for the
+ * U.S. Pacific Time zone is "America/Los_Angeles". So, you can get a
+ * U.S. Pacific Time <code>TimeZone</code> object with:
+ * <blockquote><pre>
+ * TimeZone tz = TimeZone.getTimeZone("America/Los_Angeles");
+ * </pre></blockquote>
+ * You can use the <code>getAvailableIDs</code> method to iterate through
+ * all the supported time zone IDs. You can then choose a
+ * supported ID to get a <code>TimeZone</code>.
+ * If the time zone you want is not represented by one of the
+ * supported IDs, then a custom time zone ID can be specified to
+ * produce a TimeZone. The syntax of a custom time zone ID is:
+ *
+ * <blockquote><pre>
+ * <a name="CustomID"><i>CustomID:</i></a>
+ *         <code>GMT</code> <i>Sign</i> <i>Hours</i> <code>:</code> <i>Minutes</i>
+ *         <code>GMT</code> <i>Sign</i> <i>Hours</i> <i>Minutes</i>
+ *         <code>GMT</code> <i>Sign</i> <i>Hours</i>
+ * <i>Sign:</i> one of
+ *         <code>+ -</code>
+ * <i>Hours:</i>
+ *         <i>Digit</i>
+ *         <i>Digit</i> <i>Digit</i>
+ * <i>Minutes:</i>
+ *         <i>Digit</i> <i>Digit</i>
+ * <i>Digit:</i> one of
+ *         <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</code>
+ * </pre></blockquote>
+ *
+ * <i>Hours</i> must be between 0 to 23 and <i>Minutes</i> must be
+ * between 00 to 59.  For example, "GMT+10" and "GMT+0010" mean ten
+ * hours and ten minutes ahead of GMT, respectively.
+ * <p>
+ * The format is locale independent and digits must be taken from the
+ * Basic Latin block of the Unicode standard. No daylight saving time
+ * transition schedule can be specified with a custom time zone ID. If
+ * the specified string doesn't match the syntax, <code>"GMT"</code>
+ * is used.
+ * <p>
+ * When creating a <code>TimeZone</code>, the specified custom time
+ * zone ID is normalized in the following syntax:
+ * <blockquote><pre>
+ * <a name="NormalizedCustomID"><i>NormalizedCustomID:</i></a>
+ *         <code>GMT</code> <i>Sign</i> <i>TwoDigitHours</i> <code>:</code> <i>Minutes</i>
+ * <i>Sign:</i> one of
+ *         <code>+ -</code>
+ * <i>TwoDigitHours:</i>
+ *         <i>Digit</i> <i>Digit</i>
+ * <i>Minutes:</i>
+ *         <i>Digit</i> <i>Digit</i>
+ * <i>Digit:</i> one of
+ *         <code>0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9</code>
+ * </pre></blockquote>
+ * For example, TimeZone.getTimeZone("GMT-8").getID() returns "GMT-08:00".
+ *
+ * <h4>Three-letter time zone IDs</h4>
+ *
+ * For compatibility with JDK 1.1.x, some other three-letter time zone IDs
+ * (such as "PST", "CTT", "AST") are also supported. However, <strong>their
+ * use is deprecated</strong> because the same abbreviation is often used
+ * for multiple time zones (for example, "CST" could be U.S. "Central Standard
+ * Time" and "China Standard Time"), and the Java platform can then only
+ * recognize one of them.
+ *
+ *
+ * @see          Calendar
+ * @see          GregorianCalendar
+ * @see          SimpleTimeZone
+ * @author       Mark Davis, David Goldsmith, Chen-Lieh Huang, Alan Liu
+ * @since        JDK1.1
+ */
+abstract public class TimeZone implements Serializable, Cloneable {
+    /**
+     * Sole constructor.  (For invocation by subclass constructors, typically
+     * implicit.)
+     */
+    public TimeZone() {
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * A style specifier for <code>getDisplayName()</code> indicating
+     * a short name, such as "PST."
+     * @see #LONG
+     * @since 1.2
+     */
+    public static final int SHORT = 0;
+
+    /**
+     * A style specifier for <code>getDisplayName()</code> indicating
+     * a long name, such as "Pacific Standard Time."
+     * @see #SHORT
+     * @since 1.2
+     */
+    public static final int LONG  = 1;
+
+    // Constants used internally; unit is milliseconds
+    private static final int ONE_MINUTE = 60*1000;
+    private static final int ONE_HOUR   = 60*ONE_MINUTE;
+    private static final int ONE_DAY    = 24*ONE_HOUR;
+
+    // Proclaim serialization compatibility with JDK 1.1
+    static final long serialVersionUID = 3581463369166924961L;
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the time zone offset, for current date, modified in case of
+     * daylight savings. This is the offset to add to UTC to get local time.
+     * <p>
+     * This method returns a historically correct offset if an
+     * underlying <code>TimeZone</code> implementation subclass
+     * supports historical Daylight Saving Time schedule and GMT
+     * offset changes.
+     *
+     * @param era the era of the given date.
+     * @param year the year in the given date.
+     * @param month the month in the given date.
+     * Month is 0-based. e.g., 0 for January.
+     * @param day the day-in-month of the given date.
+     * @param dayOfWeek the day-of-week of the given date.
+     * @param milliseconds the milliseconds in day in <em>standard</em>
+     * local time.
+     *
+     * @return the offset in milliseconds to add to GMT to get local time.
+     *
+     * @see Calendar#ZONE_OFFSET
+     * @see Calendar#DST_OFFSET
+     */
+    public abstract int getOffset(int era, int year, int month, int day,
+                                  int dayOfWeek, int milliseconds);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the offset of this time zone from UTC at the specified
+     * date. If Daylight Saving Time is in effect at the specified
+     * date, the offset value is adjusted with the amount of daylight
+     * saving.
+     * <p>
+     * This method returns a historically correct offset value if an
+     * underlying TimeZone implementation subclass supports historical
+     * Daylight Saving Time schedule and GMT offset changes.
+     *
+     * @param date the date represented in milliseconds since January 1, 1970 00:00:00 GMT
+     * @return the amount of time in milliseconds to add to UTC to get local time.
+     *
+     * @see Calendar#ZONE_OFFSET
+     * @see Calendar#DST_OFFSET
+     * @since 1.4
+     */
+    public int getOffset(long date) {
+        if (inDaylightTime(new Date(date))) {
+            return getRawOffset() + getDSTSavings();
+        }
+        return getRawOffset();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the raw GMT offset and the amount of daylight saving of this
+     * time zone at the given time.
+     * @param date the milliseconds (since January 1, 1970,
+     * 00:00:00.000 GMT) at which the time zone offset and daylight
+     * saving amount are found
+     * @param offset an array of int where the raw GMT offset
+     * (offset[0]) and daylight saving amount (offset[1]) are stored,
+     * or null if those values are not needed. The method assumes that
+     * the length of the given array is two or larger.
+     * @return the total amount of the raw GMT offset and daylight
+     * saving at the specified date.
+     *
+     * @see Calendar#ZONE_OFFSET
+     * @see Calendar#DST_OFFSET
+     */
+    int getOffsets(long date, int[] offsets) {
+        int rawoffset = getRawOffset();
+        int dstoffset = 0;
+        if (inDaylightTime(new Date(date))) {
+            dstoffset = getDSTSavings();
+        }
+        if (offsets != null) {
+            offsets[0] = rawoffset;
+            offsets[1] = dstoffset;
+        }
+        return rawoffset + dstoffset;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the base time zone offset to GMT.
+     * This is the offset to add to UTC to get local time.
+     * <p>
+     * If an underlying <code>TimeZone</code> implementation subclass
+     * supports historical GMT offset changes, the specified GMT
+     * offset is set as the latest GMT offset and the difference from
+     * the known latest GMT offset value is used to adjust all
+     * historical GMT offset values.
+     *
+     * @param offsetMillis the given base time zone offset to GMT.
+     */
+    abstract public void setRawOffset(int offsetMillis);
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the amount of time in milliseconds to add to UTC to get
+     * standard time in this time zone. Because this value is not
+     * affected by daylight saving time, it is called <I>raw
+     * offset</I>.
+     * <p>
+     * If an underlying <code>TimeZone</code> implementation subclass
+     * supports historical GMT offset changes, the method returns the
+     * raw offset value of the current date. In Honolulu, for example,
+     * its raw offset changed from GMT-10:30 to GMT-10:00 in 1947, and
+     * this method always returns -36000000 milliseconds (i.e., -10
+     * hours).
+     *
+     * @return the amount of raw offset time in milliseconds to add to UTC.
+     * @see Calendar#ZONE_OFFSET
+     */
+    public abstract int getRawOffset();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the ID of this time zone.
+     * @return the ID of this time zone.
+     */
+    public String getID()
+    {
+        return ID;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the time zone ID. This does not change any other data in
+     * the time zone object.
+     * @param ID the new time zone ID.
+     */
+    public void setID(String ID)
+    {
+        if (ID == null) {
+            throw new NullPointerException();
+        }
+        this.ID = ID;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a long standard time name of this {@code TimeZone} suitable for
+     * presentation to the user in the default locale.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is equivalent to:
+     * <pre><blockquote>
+     * getDisplayName(false, {@link #LONG},
+     *                Locale.getDefault({@link Locale.Category#DISPLAY}))
+     * </blockquote></pre>
+     *
+     * @return the human-readable name of this time zone in the default locale.
+     * @since 1.2
+     * @see #getDisplayName(boolean, int, Locale)
+     * @see Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category)
+     * @see Locale.Category
+     */
+    public final String getDisplayName() {
+        return getDisplayName(false, LONG,
+                              Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.DISPLAY));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a long standard time name of this {@code TimeZone} suitable for
+     * presentation to the user in the specified {@code locale}.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is equivalent to:
+     * <pre><blockquote>
+     * getDisplayName(false, {@link #LONG}, locale)
+     * </blockquote></pre>
+     *
+     * @param locale the locale in which to supply the display name.
+     * @return the human-readable name of this time zone in the given locale.
+     * @exception NullPointerException if {@code locale} is {@code null}.
+     * @since 1.2
+     * @see #getDisplayName(boolean, int, Locale)
+     */
+    public final String getDisplayName(Locale locale) {
+        return getDisplayName(false, LONG, locale);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a name in the specified {@code style} of this {@code TimeZone}
+     * suitable for presentation to the user in the default locale. If the
+     * specified {@code daylight} is {@code true}, a Daylight Saving Time name
+     * is returned (even if this {@code TimeZone} doesn't observe Daylight Saving
+     * Time). Otherwise, a Standard Time name is returned.
+     *
+     * <p>This method is equivalent to:
+     * <pre><blockquote>
+     * getDisplayName(daylight, style,
+     *                Locale.getDefault({@link Locale.Category#DISPLAY}))
+     * </blockquote></pre>
+     *
+     * @param daylight {@code true} specifying a Daylight Saving Time name, or
+     *                 {@code false} specifying a Standard Time name
+     * @param style either {@link #LONG} or {@link #SHORT}
+     * @return the human-readable name of this time zone in the default locale.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if {@code style} is invalid.
+     * @since 1.2
+     * @see #getDisplayName(boolean, int, Locale)
+     * @see Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category)
+     * @see Locale.Category
+     * @see java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getZoneStrings()
+     */
+    public final String getDisplayName(boolean daylight, int style) {
+        return getDisplayName(daylight, style,
+                              Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.DISPLAY));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns a name in the specified {@code style} of this {@code TimeZone}
+     * suitable for presentation to the user in the specified {@code
+     * locale}. If the specified {@code daylight} is {@code true}, a Daylight
+     * Saving Time name is returned (even if this {@code TimeZone} doesn't
+     * observe Daylight Saving Time). Otherwise, a Standard Time name is
+     * returned.
+     *
+     * <p>When looking up a time zone name, the {@linkplain
+     * ResourceBundle.Control#getCandidateLocales(String,Locale) default
+     * <code>Locale</code> search path of <code>ResourceBundle</code>} derived
+     * from the specified {@code locale} is used. (No {@linkplain
+     * ResourceBundle.Control#getFallbackLocale(String,Locale) fallback
+     * <code>Locale</code>} search is performed.) If a time zone name in any
+     * {@code Locale} of the search path, including {@link Locale#ROOT}, is
+     * found, the name is returned. Otherwise, a string in the
+     * <a href="#NormalizedCustomID">normalized custom ID format</a> is returned.
+     *
+     * @param daylight {@code true} specifying a Daylight Saving Time name, or
+     *                 {@code false} specifying a Standard Time name
+     * @param style either {@link #LONG} or {@link #SHORT}
+     * @param locale   the locale in which to supply the display name.
+     * @return the human-readable name of this time zone in the given locale.
+     * @exception IllegalArgumentException if {@code style} is invalid.
+     * @exception NullPointerException if {@code locale} is {@code null}.
+     * @since 1.2
+     * @see java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getZoneStrings()
+     */
+    public String getDisplayName(boolean daylight, int style, Locale locale) {
+        if (style != SHORT && style != LONG) {
+            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal style: " + style);
+        }
+
+        String id = getID();
+        String[] names = getDisplayNames(id, locale);
+        if (names == null) {
+            if (id.startsWith("GMT")) {
+                char sign = id.charAt(3);
+                if (sign == '+' || sign == '-') {
+                    return id;
+                }
+            }
+            int offset = getRawOffset();
+            if (daylight) {
+                offset += getDSTSavings();
+            }
+            return ZoneInfoFile.toCustomID(offset);
+        }
+
+        int index = daylight ? 3 : 1;
+        if (style == SHORT) {
+            index++;
+        }
+        return names[index];
+    }
+
+    private static class DisplayNames {
+        // Cache for managing display names per timezone per locale
+        // The structure is:
+        //   Map(key=id, value=SoftReference(Map(key=locale, value=displaynames)))
+        private static final Map<String, SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>> CACHE =
+            new ConcurrentHashMap<String, SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>>();
+    }
+
+    private static final String[] getDisplayNames(String id, Locale locale) {
+        Map<String, SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>> displayNames = DisplayNames.CACHE;
+
+        SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>> ref = displayNames.get(id);
+        if (ref != null) {
+            Map<Locale, String[]> perLocale = ref.get();
+            if (perLocale != null) {
+                String[] names = perLocale.get(locale);
+                if (names != null) {
+                    return names;
+                }
+                names = TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveDisplayNames(id, locale);
+                if (names != null) {
+                    perLocale.put(locale, names);
+                }
+                return names;
+            }
+        }
+
+        String[] names = TimeZoneNameUtility.retrieveDisplayNames(id, locale);
+        if (names != null) {
+            Map<Locale, String[]> perLocale = new ConcurrentHashMap<Locale, String[]>();
+            perLocale.put(locale, names);
+            ref = new SoftReference<Map<Locale, String[]>>(perLocale);
+            displayNames.put(id, ref);
+        }
+        return names;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the amount of time to be added to local standard time
+     * to get local wall clock time.
+     *
+     * <p>The default implementation returns 3600000 milliseconds
+     * (i.e., one hour) if a call to {@link #useDaylightTime()}
+     * returns {@code true}. Otherwise, 0 (zero) is returned.
+     *
+     * <p>If an underlying {@code TimeZone} implementation subclass
+     * supports historical and future Daylight Saving Time schedule
+     * changes, this method returns the amount of saving time of the
+     * last known Daylight Saving Time rule that can be a future
+     * prediction.
+     *
+     * <p>If the amount of saving time at any given time stamp is
+     * required, construct a {@link Calendar} with this {@code
+     * TimeZone} and the time stamp, and call {@link Calendar#get(int)
+     * Calendar.get}{@code (}{@link Calendar#DST_OFFSET}{@code )}.
+     *
+     * @return the amount of saving time in milliseconds
+     * @since 1.4
+     * @see #inDaylightTime(Date)
+     * @see #getOffset(long)
+     * @see #getOffset(int,int,int,int,int,int)
+     * @see Calendar#ZONE_OFFSET
+     */
+    public int getDSTSavings() {
+        if (useDaylightTime()) {
+            return 3600000;
+        }
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Queries if this {@code TimeZone} uses Daylight Saving Time.
+     *
+     * <p>If an underlying {@code TimeZone} implementation subclass
+     * supports historical and future Daylight Saving Time schedule
+     * changes, this method refers to the last known Daylight Saving Time
+     * rule that can be a future prediction and may not be the same as
+     * the current rule. Consider calling {@link #observesDaylightTime()}
+     * if the current rule should also be taken into account.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if this {@code TimeZone} uses Daylight Saving Time,
+     *         {@code false}, otherwise.
+     * @see #inDaylightTime(Date)
+     * @see Calendar#DST_OFFSET
+     */
+    public abstract boolean useDaylightTime();
+
+    /**
+     * Returns {@code true} if this {@code TimeZone} is currently in
+     * Daylight Saving Time, or if a transition from Standard Time to
+     * Daylight Saving Time occurs at any future time.
+     *
+     * <p>The default implementation returns {@code true} if
+     * {@code useDaylightTime()} or {@code inDaylightTime(new Date())}
+     * returns {@code true}.
+     *
+     * @return {@code true} if this {@code TimeZone} is currently in
+     * Daylight Saving Time, or if a transition from Standard Time to
+     * Daylight Saving Time occurs at any future time; {@code false}
+     * otherwise.
+     * @since 1.7
+     * @see #useDaylightTime()
+     * @see #inDaylightTime(Date)
+     * @see Calendar#DST_OFFSET
+     */
+    public boolean observesDaylightTime() {
+        return useDaylightTime() || inDaylightTime(new Date());
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Queries if the given {@code date} is in Daylight Saving Time in
+     * this time zone.
+     *
+     * @param date the given Date.
+     * @return {@code true} if the given date is in Daylight Saving Time,
+     *         {@code false}, otherwise.
+     */
+    abstract public boolean inDaylightTime(Date date);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the <code>TimeZone</code> for the given ID.
+     *
+     * @param ID the ID for a <code>TimeZone</code>, either an abbreviation
+     * such as "PST", a full name such as "America/Los_Angeles", or a custom
+     * ID such as "GMT-8:00". Note that the support of abbreviations is
+     * for JDK 1.1.x compatibility only and full names should be used.
+     *
+     * @return the specified <code>TimeZone</code>, or the GMT zone if the given ID
+     * cannot be understood.
+     */
+    public static synchronized TimeZone getTimeZone(String ID) {
+        return getTimeZone(ID, true);
+    }
+
+    private static TimeZone getTimeZone(String ID, boolean fallback) {
+        TimeZone tz = ZoneInfo.getTimeZone(ID);
+        if (tz == null) {
+            tz = parseCustomTimeZone(ID);
+            if (tz == null && fallback) {
+                tz = new ZoneInfo(GMT_ID, 0);
+            }
+        }
+        return tz;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the available IDs according to the given time zone offset in milliseconds.
+     *
+     * @param rawOffset the given time zone GMT offset in milliseconds.
+     * @return an array of IDs, where the time zone for that ID has
+     * the specified GMT offset. For example, "America/Phoenix" and "America/Denver"
+     * both have GMT-07:00, but differ in daylight saving behavior.
+     * @see #getRawOffset()
+     */
+    public static synchronized String[] getAvailableIDs(int rawOffset) {
+        return ZoneInfo.getAvailableIDs(rawOffset);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets all the available IDs supported.
+     * @return an array of IDs.
+     */
+    public static synchronized String[] getAvailableIDs() {
+        return ZoneInfo.getAvailableIDs();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the platform defined TimeZone ID.
+     **/
+    private static native String getSystemTimeZoneID(String javaHome,
+                                                     String country);
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the custom time zone ID based on the GMT offset of the
+     * platform. (e.g., "GMT+08:00")
+     */
+    private static native String getSystemGMTOffsetID();
+
+    /**
+     * Gets the default <code>TimeZone</code> for this host.
+     * The source of the default <code>TimeZone</code>
+     * may vary with implementation.
+     * @return a default <code>TimeZone</code>.
+     * @see #setDefault
+     */
+    public static TimeZone getDefault() {
+        return (TimeZone) getDefaultRef().clone();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the reference to the default TimeZone object. This
+     * method doesn't create a clone.
+     */
+    static TimeZone getDefaultRef() {
+        TimeZone defaultZone = getDefaultInAppContext();
+        if (defaultZone == null) {
+            defaultZone = defaultTimeZone;
+            if (defaultZone == null) {
+                // Need to initialize the default time zone.
+                defaultZone = setDefaultZone();
+                assert defaultZone != null;
+            }
+        }
+        // Don't clone here.
+        return defaultZone;
+    }
+
+    private static synchronized TimeZone setDefaultZone() {
+        TimeZone tz = null;
+        // get the time zone ID from the system properties
+        String zoneID = AccessController.doPrivileged(
+                new GetPropertyAction("user.timezone"));
+
+        // if the time zone ID is not set (yet), perform the
+        // platform to Java time zone ID mapping.
+        if (zoneID == null || zoneID.equals("")) {
+            String country = AccessController.doPrivileged(
+                    new GetPropertyAction("user.country"));
+            String javaHome = AccessController.doPrivileged(
+                    new GetPropertyAction("java.home"));
+            try {
+                zoneID = getSystemTimeZoneID(javaHome, country);
+                if (zoneID == null) {
+                    zoneID = GMT_ID;
+                }
+            } catch (NullPointerException e) {
+                zoneID = GMT_ID;
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get the time zone for zoneID. But not fall back to
+        // "GMT" here.
+        tz = getTimeZone(zoneID, false);
+
+        if (tz == null) {
+            // If the given zone ID is unknown in Java, try to
+            // get the GMT-offset-based time zone ID,
+            // a.k.a. custom time zone ID (e.g., "GMT-08:00").
+            String gmtOffsetID = getSystemGMTOffsetID();
+            if (gmtOffsetID != null) {
+                zoneID = gmtOffsetID;
+            }
+            tz = getTimeZone(zoneID, true);
+        }
+        assert tz != null;
+
+        final String id = zoneID;
+        AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
+                public Object run() {
+                    System.setProperty("user.timezone", id);
+                    return null;
+                }
+            });
+
+        defaultTimeZone = tz;
+        return tz;
+    }
+
+    private static boolean hasPermission() {
+        boolean hasPermission = true;
+        SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
+        if (sm != null) {
+            try {
+                sm.checkPermission(new PropertyPermission
+                                   ("user.timezone", "write"));
+            } catch (SecurityException e) {
+                hasPermission = false;
+            }
+        }
+        return hasPermission;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the <code>TimeZone</code> that is
+     * returned by the <code>getDefault</code> method.  If <code>zone</code>
+     * is null, reset the default to the value it had originally when the
+     * VM first started.
+     * @param zone the new default time zone
+     * @see #getDefault
+     */
+    public static void setDefault(TimeZone zone)
+    {
+        if (hasPermission()) {
+            synchronized (TimeZone.class) {
+                defaultTimeZone = zone;
+                setDefaultInAppContext(null);
+            }
+        } else {
+            setDefaultInAppContext(zone);
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the default TimeZone in an AppContext if any AppContext
+     * has ever used. null is returned if any AppContext hasn't been
+     * used or if the AppContext doesn't have the default TimeZone.
+     */
+    private synchronized static TimeZone getDefaultInAppContext() {
+        if (!hasSetInAppContext) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        AppContext ac = AppContext.getAppContext();
+        if (ac != null && !ac.isDisposed()) {
+            return (TimeZone) ac.get(TimeZone.class);
+        }
+        return null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Sets the default TimeZone in the AppContext to the given
+     * tz. null is handled special: do nothing if any AppContext
+     * hasn't been used, remove the default TimeZone in the
+     * AppContext otherwise.
+     */
+    private synchronized static void setDefaultInAppContext(TimeZone tz) {
+        if (!hasSetInAppContext && tz == null) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        AppContext ac = AppContext.getAppContext();
+        if (ac != null && !ac.isDisposed()) {
+            if (tz != null) {
+                ac.put(TimeZone.class, tz);
+                hasSetInAppContext = true;
+            } else {
+                ac.remove(TimeZone.class);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns true if this zone has the same rule and offset as another zone.
+     * That is, if this zone differs only in ID, if at all.  Returns false
+     * if the other zone is null.
+     * @param other the <code>TimeZone</code> object to be compared with
+     * @return true if the other zone is not null and is the same as this one,
+     * with the possible exception of the ID
+     * @since 1.2
+     */
+    public boolean hasSameRules(TimeZone other) {
+        return other != null && getRawOffset() == other.getRawOffset() &&
+            useDaylightTime() == other.useDaylightTime();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a copy of this <code>TimeZone</code>.
+     *
+     * @return a clone of this <code>TimeZone</code>
+     */
+    public Object clone()
+    {
+        try {
+            TimeZone other = (TimeZone) super.clone();
+            other.ID = ID;
+            return other;
+        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
+            throw new InternalError();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * The null constant as a TimeZone.
+     */
+    static final TimeZone NO_TIMEZONE = null;
+
+    // =======================privates===============================
+
+    /**
+     * The string identifier of this <code>TimeZone</code>.  This is a
+     * programmatic identifier used internally to look up <code>TimeZone</code>
+     * objects from the system table and also to map them to their localized
+     * display names.  <code>ID</code> values are unique in the system
+     * table but may not be for dynamically created zones.
+     * @serial
+     */
+    private String           ID;
+    private static volatile TimeZone defaultTimeZone;
+
+    static final String         GMT_ID        = "GMT";
+    private static final int    GMT_ID_LENGTH = 3;
+
+    // true if the default TimeZone has been set in any AppContext
+    private static boolean hasSetInAppContext;
+
+    /**
+     * Parses a custom time zone identifier and returns a corresponding zone.
+     * This method doesn't support the RFC 822 time zone format. (e.g., +hhmm)
+     *
+     * @param id a string of the <a href="#CustomID">custom ID form</a>.
+     * @return a newly created TimeZone with the given offset and
+     * no daylight saving time, or null if the id cannot be parsed.
+     */
+    private static final TimeZone parseCustomTimeZone(String id) {
+        int length;
+
+        // Error if the length of id isn't long enough or id doesn't
+        // start with "GMT".
+        if ((length = id.length()) < (GMT_ID_LENGTH + 2) ||
+            id.indexOf(GMT_ID) != 0) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        ZoneInfo zi;
+
+        // First, we try to find it in the cache with the given
+        // id. Even the id is not normalized, the returned ZoneInfo
+        // should have its normalized id.
+        zi = ZoneInfoFile.getZoneInfo(id);
+        if (zi != null) {
+            return zi;
+        }
+
+        int index = GMT_ID_LENGTH;
+        boolean negative = false;
+        char c = id.charAt(index++);
+        if (c == '-') {
+            negative = true;
+        } else if (c != '+') {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        int hours = 0;
+        int num = 0;
+        int countDelim = 0;
+        int len = 0;
+        while (index < length) {
+            c = id.charAt(index++);
+            if (c == ':') {
+                if (countDelim > 0) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                if (len > 2) {
+                    return null;
+                }
+                hours = num;
+                countDelim++;
+                num = 0;
+                len = 0;
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (c < '0' || c > '9') {
+                return null;
+            }
+            num = num * 10 + (c - '0');
+            len++;
+        }
+        if (index != length) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        if (countDelim == 0) {
+            if (len <= 2) {
+                hours = num;
+                num = 0;
+            } else {
+                hours = num / 100;
+                num %= 100;
+            }
+        } else {
+            if (len != 2) {
+                return null;
+            }
+        }
+        if (hours > 23 || num > 59) {
+            return null;
+        }
+        int gmtOffset =  (hours * 60 + num) * 60 * 1000;
+
+        if (gmtOffset == 0) {
+            zi = ZoneInfoFile.getZoneInfo(GMT_ID);
+            if (negative) {
+                zi.setID("GMT-00:00");
+            } else {
+                zi.setID("GMT+00:00");
+            }
+        } else {
+            zi = ZoneInfoFile.getCustomTimeZone(id, negative ? -gmtOffset : gmtOffset);
+        }
+        return zi;
+    }
+}