1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
|
# N-API
> Stability: 1 - Experimental
N-API (pronounced N as in the letter, followed by API)
is an API for building native Addons. It is independent from
the underlying JavaScript runtime (ex V8) and is maintained as part of
Node.js itself. This API will be Application Binary Interface (ABI) stable
across versions of Node.js. It is intended to insulate Addons from
changes in the underlying JavaScript engine and allow modules
compiled for one version to run on later versions of Node.js without
recompilation.
Addons are built/packaged with the same approach/tools
outlined in the section titled [C++ Addons](addons.html).
The only difference is the set of APIs that are used by the native code.
Instead of using the V8 or [Native Abstractions for Node.js][] APIs,
the functions available in the N-API are used.
APIs exposed by N-API are generally used to create and manipulate
JavaScript values. Concepts and operations generally map to ideas specified
in the ECMA262 Language Specification. The APIs have the following
properties:
- All N-API calls return a status code of type `napi_status`. This
status indicates whether the API call succeeded or failed.
- The API's return value is passed via an out parameter.
- All JavaScript values are abstracted behind an opaque type named
`napi_value`.
- In case of an error status code, additional information can be obtained
using `napi_get_last_error_info`. More information can be found in the error
handling section [Error Handling][].
The documentation for N-API is structured as follows:
* [Basic N-API Data Types][]
* [Error Handling][]
* [Object Lifetime Management][]
* [Module Registration][]
* [Working with JavaScript Values][]
* [Working with JavaScript Values - Abstract Operations][]
* [Working with JavaScript Properties][]
* [Working with JavaScript Functions][]
* [Object Wrap][]
* [Aynchronous Operations][]
The N-API is a C API that ensures ABI stability across Node.js versions
and different compiler levels. However, we also understand that a C++
API can be easier to use in many cases. To support these cases we expect
there to be one or more C++ wrapper modules that provide an inlineable C++
API. Binaries built with these wrapper modules will depend on the symbols
for the N-API C based functions exported by Node.js. These wrappers are not
part of N-API, nor will they be maintained as part of Node.js. One such
example is: [node-api](https://github.com/nodejs/node-api).
In order to use the N-API functions, include the file
[node_api.h](https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/master/src/node_api.h)
which is located in the src directory in the node development tree.
For example:
```C
#include <node_api.h>
```
## Basic N-API Data Types
N-API exposes the following fundamental datatypes as abstractions that are
consumed by the various APIs. These APIs should be treated as opaque,
introspectable only with other N-API calls.
### *napi_status*
Integral status code indicating the success or failure of a N-API call.
Currently, the following status codes are supported.
```C
typedef enum {
napi_ok,
napi_invalid_arg,
napi_object_expected,
napi_string_expected,
napi_name_expected,
napi_function_expected,
napi_number_expected,
napi_boolean_expected,
napi_array_expected,
napi_generic_failure,
napi_pending_exception,
napi_cancelled,
napi_status_last
} napi_status;
```
If additional information is required upon an API returning a failed status,
it can be obtained by calling `napi_get_last_error_info`.
### *napi_extended_error_info*
```C
typedef struct {
const char* error_message;
void* engine_reserved;
uint32_t engine_error_code;
napi_status error_code;
} napi_extended_error_info;
```
- `error_message`: UTF8-encoded string containing a VM-neutral description of
the error.
- `engine_reserved`: Reserved for VM-specific error details. This is currently
not implemented for any VM.
- `engine_error_code`: VM-specific error code. This is currently
not implemented for any VM.
- `error_code`: The N-API status code that originated with the last error.
See the [Error Handling][] section for additional information.
### *napi_env*
`napi_env` is used to represent a context that the underlying N-API
implementation can use to persist VM-specific state. This structure is passed
to native functions when they're invoked, and it must be passed back when
making N-API calls. Specifically, the same `napi_env` that was passed in when
the initial native function was called must be passed to any subsequent
nested N-API calls. Caching the `napi_env` for the purpose of general reuse is
not allowed.
### *napi_value*
This is an opaque pointer that is used to represent a JavaScript value.
### N-API Memory Management types
#### *napi_handle_scope*
This is an abstraction used to control and modify the lifetime of objects
created within a particular scope. In general, N-API values are created within
the context of a handle scope. When a native method is called from
JavaScript, a default handle scope will exist. If the user does not explicitly
create a new handle scope, N-API values will be created in the default handle
scope. For any invocations of code outside the execution of a native method
(for instance, during a libuv callback invocation), the module is required to
create a scope before invoking any functions that can result in the creation
of JavaScript values.
Handle scopes are created using [`napi_open_handle_scope`][] and are destroyed
using [`napi_close_handle_scope`][]. Closing the scope can indicate to the GC that
all `napi_value`s created during the lifetime of the handle scope are no longer
referenced from the current stack frame.
For more details, review the [Object Lifetime Management][].
#### *napi_escapable_handle_scope*
Escapable handle scopes are a special type of handle scope to return values
created within a particular handle scope to a parent scope.
#### *napi_ref*
This is the abstraction to use to reference a `napi_value`. This allows for
users to manage the lifetimes of JavaScript values, including defining their
minimum lifetimes explicitly.
For more details, review the [Object Lifetime Management][].
### N-API Callback types
#### *napi_callback_info*
Opaque datatype that is passed to a callback function. It can be used for two
purposes:
- Get additional information about the context in which the callback was
invoked.
- Set the return value of the callback.
#### *napi_callback*
Function pointer type for user-provided native functions which are to be
exposed to JavaScript via N-API. Callback functions should satisfy the
following signature:
```C
typedef void (*napi_callback)(napi_env, napi_callback_info);
```
#### *napi_finalize*
Function pointer type for add-on provided functions that allow the user to be
notified when externally-owned data is ready to be cleaned up because the
object with which it was associated with, has been garbage-collected. The user
must provide a function satisfying the following signature which would get
called upon the object's collection. Currently, `napi_finalize` can be used for
finding out when objects that have external data are collected.
#### napi_async_execute_callback
Function pointer used with functions that support asynchronous
operations. Callback functions must statisfy the following signature:
```C
typedef void (*napi_async_execute_callback)(napi_env env, void* data);
```
#### napi_async_complete_callback
Function pointer used with functions that support asynchronous
operations. Callback functions must statisfy the following signature:
```C
typedef void (*napi_async_complete_callback)(napi_env env,
napi_status status,
void* data);
```
## Error Handling
N-API uses both return values and Javascript exceptions for error handling.
The following sections explain the approach for each case.
### Return values
All of the N-API functions share the same error handling pattern. The
return type of all API functions is `napi_status`.
The return value will be `napi_ok` if the request was successful and
no uncaught JavaScript exception was thrown. If an error occurred AND
an exception was thrown, the `napi_status` value for the error
will be returned. If an exception was thrown, and no error occurred,
`napi_pending_exception` will be returned.
In cases where a return value other than `napi_ok` or
`napi_pending_exception` is returned, [`napi_is_exception_pending`][]
must be called to check if an exception is pending.
See the section on exceptions for more details.
The full set of possible napi_status values is defined
in `napi_api_types.h`.
The `napi_status` return value provides a VM-independent representation of
the error which occurred. In some cases it is useful to be able to get
more detailed information, including a string representing the error as well as
VM (engine)-specific information.
In order to retrieve this information [`napi_get_last_error_info`][]
is provided which returns a `napi_extended_error_info` structure.
The format of the `napi_extended_error_info` structure is as follows:
```C
typedef struct napi_extended_error_info {
const char* error_message;
void* engine_reserved;
uint32_t engine_error_code;
napi_status error_code;
};
```
- `error_message`: Textual representation of the error that occured.
- `engine_reserved`: Opaque handle reserved for engine use only.
- `engine_error_code`: VM specific error code.
- `error_code`: n-api status code for the last error.
[`napi_get_last_error_info`][] returns the information for the last
N-API call that was made.
*Note*: Do not rely on the content or format of any of the extended
information as it is not subject to SemVer and may change at any time.
It is intended only for logging purposes.
#### napi_get_last_error_info
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status
napi_get_last_error_info(napi_env env,
const napi_extended_error_info** result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: The `napi_extended_error_info` structure with more
information about the error.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API retrieves a `napi_extended_error_info` structure with information
about the last error that occured.
*Note*: Do not rely on the content or format of any of the extended
information as it is not subject to SemVer and may change at any time.
It is intended only for logging purposes.
### Exceptions
Any N-API function call may result in a pending JavaScript exception. This is
obviously the case for any function that may cause the execution of
JavaScript, but N-API specifies that an exception may be pending
on return from any of the API functions.
If the `napi_status` returned by a function is `napi_ok` then no
exception is pending and no additional action is required. If the
`napi_status` returned is anything other than `napi_ok` or
`napi_pending_exception`, in order to try to recover and continue
instead of simply returning immediately, [`napi_is_exception_pending`][]
must be called in order to determine if an exception is pending or not.
When an exception is pending one of two approaches can be employed.
The first appoach is to do any appropriate cleanup and then return so that
execution will return to JavaScript. As part of the transition back to
JavaScript the exception will be thrown at the point in the JavaScript
code where the native method was invoked. The behavior of most N-API calls
is unspecified while an exception is pending, and many will simply return
`napi_pending_exception`, so it is important to do as little as possible
and then return to JavaScript where the exception can be handled.
The second approach is to try to handle the exception. There will be cases
where the native code can catch the exception, take the appropriate action,
and then continue. This is only recommended in specific cases
where it is known that the exception can be safely handled. In these
cases [`napi_get_and_clear_last_exception`][] can be used to get and
clear the exception. On success, result will contain the handle to
the last JavaScript Object thrown. If it is determined, after
retrieving the exception, the exception cannot be handled after all
it can be re-thrown it with [`napi_throw`][] where error is the
JavaScript Error object to be thrown.
The following utility functions are also available in case native code
needs to throw an exception or determine if a `napi_value` is an instance
of a JavaScript `Error` object: [`napi_throw_error`][],
[`napi_throw_type_error`][], [`napi_throw_range_error`][] and
[`napi_is_error`][].
The following utility functions are also available in case native
code needs to create an Error object: [`napi_create_error`][],
[`napi_create_type_error`][], and [`napi_create_range_error`][].
where result is the napi_value that refers to the newly created
JavaScript Error object.
#### napi_throw
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_throw(napi_env env, napi_value error);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] error`: The `napi_value` for the Error to be thrown.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API throws the JavaScript Error provided.
#### napi_throw_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_throw_error(napi_env env, const char* msg);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: C string representing the text to be associated with
the error.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API throws a JavaScript Error with the text provided.
#### napi_throw_type_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_throw_type_error(napi_env env, const char* msg);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: C string representing the text to be associated with
the error.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API throws a JavaScript TypeError with the text provided.
#### napi_throw_range_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_throw_range_error(napi_env env, const char* msg);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: C string representing the text to be associated with
the error.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API throws a JavaScript RangeError with the text provided.
#### napi_is_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_is_error(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
bool* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: The `napi_value` to be checked.
- `[out] result`: Boolean value that is set to true if `napi_value` represents
an error, false otherwise.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API queries a `napi_value` to check if it represents an error object.
#### napi_create_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_create_error(napi_env env, const char* msg);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: C string representing the text to be associated with.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the error created.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns a JavaScript Error with the text provided.
#### napi_create_type_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_create_type_error(napi_env env, const char* msg);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: C string representing the text to be associated with.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the error created.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns a JavaScript TypeError with the text provided.
#### napi_create_range_error
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_create_range_error(napi_env env, const char* msg);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] msg`: C string representing the text to be associated with.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the error created.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns a JavaScript RangeError with the text provided.
#### napi_get_and_clear_last_exception
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_get_and_clear_last_exception(napi_env env,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: The exception if one is pending, NULL otherwise.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns true if an exception is pending.
#### napi_is_exception_pending
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_is_exception_pending(napi_env env, bool* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: Boolean value that is set to true if an exception is pending.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns true if an exception is pending.
## Object Lifetime management
As N-API calls are made, handles to objects in the heap for the underlying
VM may be returned as `napi_values`. These handles must hold the
objects 'live' until they are no longer required by the native code,
otherwise the objects could be collected before the native code was
finished using them.
As object handles are returned they are associated with a
'scope'. The lifespan for the default scope is tied to the lifespan
of the native method call. The result is that, by default, handles
remain valid and the objects associated with these handles will be
held live for the lifespan of the native method call.
In many cases, however, it is necessary that the handles remain valid for
either a shorter or longer lifespan than that of the native method.
The sections which follow describe the N-API functions than can be used
to change the handle lifespan from the default.
### Making handle lifespan shorter than that of the native method
It is often necessary to make the lifespan of handles shorter than
the lifespan of a native method. For example, consider a native method
that has a loop which iterates through the elements in a large array:
```C
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {
napi_value result;
napi_status status = napi_get_element(e object, i, &result);
if (status != napi_ok) {
break;
}
// do something with element
}
```
This would result in a large number of handles being created, consuming
substantial resources. In addition, even though the native code could only
use the most recent handle, all of the associated objects would also be
kept alive since they all share the same scope.
To handle this case, N-API provides the ability to establish a new 'scope' to
which newly created handles will be associated. Once those handles
are no longer required, the scope can be 'closed' and any handles associated
with the scope are invalidated. The methods available to open/close scopes are
[`napi_open_handle_scope`][] and [`napi_close_handle_scope`][].
N-API only supports a single nested hiearchy of scopes. There is only one
active scope at any time, and all new handles will be associated with that
scope while it is active. Scopes must be closed in the reverse order from
which they are opened. In addition, all scopes created within a native method
must be closed before returning from that method.
Taking the earlier example, adding calls to [`napi_open_handle_scope`][] and
[`napi_close_handle_scope`][] would ensure that at most a single handle
is valid throughout the execution of the loop:
```C
for (int i = 0; i < 1000000; i++) {napi_
napi_handle_scope scope;
napi_status status = napi_open_handle_scope(env, &scope);
if (status != napi_ok) {
break;
}
napi_value result;
status = napi_get_element(e object, i, &result);
if (status != napi_ok) {
break;
}
// do something with element
status = napi_close_handle_scope(env, scope);
if (status != napi_ok) {
break;
}
}
```
When nesting scopes, there are cases where a handle from an
inner scope needs to live beyond the lifespan of that scope. N-API supports an
'escapable scope' in order to support this case. An escapable scope
allows one or more handles to be 'promoted' so that they 'escape' the
current scope and the lifespan of the handle(s) changes from the current
scope to that of the outer scope.
The methods available to open/close escapable scopes are
[`napi_open_escapable_handle_scope`][] and [`napi_close_escapable_handle_scope`][].
The request to promote a handle is made through the [`napi_escape_handle`][].
#### napi_open_handle_scope
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_open_handle_scope(napi_env env,
napi_handle_scope* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the new scope.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API open a new scope.
#### napi_close_handle_scope
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_close_handle_scope(napi_env env,
napi_handle_scope scope);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] scope`: `napi_value` representing the scope to be closed.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API closes the scope passed in. Scopes must be closed in the
reverse order from which they were created.
#### napi_open_escapable_handle_scope
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status
napi_open_escapable_handle_scope(napi_env env,
napi_handle_scope* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the new scope.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API open a new scope from which objects can be promoted
to the outer scope.
#### napi_close_escapable_handle_scope
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status
napi_close_escapable_handle_scope(napi_env env,
napi_handle_scope scope);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] scope`: `napi_value` representing the scope to be closed.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API closes the scope passed in. Scopes must be closed in the
reverse order from which they were created.
#### napi_escape_handle
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_escape_handle(napi_env env,
napi_escapable_handle_scope scope,
napi_value escapee,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] scope`: `napi_value` representing the current scope.
- `[in] escapee`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript Object to be escaped.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the handle to the escaped
Object in the outer scope.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API promotes the handle to the JavaScript object so that it valid
for the lifetime of the outer scope.
### References to objects with a lifespan longer than that of the native method
In some cases an addon will need to be able to create and reference objects
with a lifespan longer than that of a single native method invocation. For
example, to create a constructor and later use that constructor
in a request to creates instances, it must be possible to reference
the constructor object across many different instance creation requests. This
would not be possible with a normal handle returned as a `napi_value` as
described in the earlier section. The lifespan of a normal handle is
managed by scopes and all scopes must be closed before the end of a native
method.
N-API provides methods to create persistent references to an object.
Each persistent reference has an associated count with a value of 0
or higher. The count determines if the reference will keep
the corresponding object live. References with a count of 0 do not
prevent the object from being collected and are often called 'weak'
references. Any count greater than 0 will prevent the object
from being collected.
References can be created with an initial reference count. The count can
then be modified through [`napi_reference_ref`][] and
[`napi_reference_unref`][]. If an object is collected while the count
for a reference is 0, all subsequent calls to
get the object associated with the reference [`napi_get_reference_value`][]
will return NULL for the returned `napi_value`. An attempt to call
[`napi_reference_ref`][] for a reference whose object has been collected
will result in an error.
References must be deleted once they are no longer required by the addon. When
a reference is deleted it will no longer prevent the corresponding object from
being collected. Failure to delete a persistent reference will result in
a 'memory leak' with both the native memory for the persistent reference and
the corresponding object on the heap being retained forever.
There can be multiple persistent references created which refer to the same
object, each of which will either keep the object live or not based on its
individual count.
#### napi_create_reference
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_create_reference(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
int initial_refcount,
ndapi_ref* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing the Object to which we want
a reference to.
- `[in] initial_refcount`: Initial reference count for the new reference.
- `[out] result`: `napi_ref` pointing to the new reference.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API create a new reference with the specified reference count
to the Object passed in.
#### napi_delete_reference
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_delete_reference(napi_env env, napi_ref ref);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] ref`: `napi_ref` to be deleted.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API deletes the reference passed in.
#### napi_reference_ref
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_reference_ref(napi_env env,
napi_ref ref,
int* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] ref`: `napi_ref` for which the reference count will be incremented.
- `[out] result`: The new reference count.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API increments the reference count for the reference
passed in and returns the resulting reference count.
#### napi_reference_unref
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_reference_unref(napi_env env,
napi_ref ref,
int* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] ref`: `napi_ref` for which the reference count will be decremented.
- `[out] result`: The new reference count.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API decrements the reference count for the reference
passed in and returns the resulting reference count.
#### napi_get_reference_value
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NODE_EXTERN napi_status napi_get_reference_value(napi_env env,
napi_ref ref,
napi_value* result);
```
the `napi_value passed` in or out of these methods is a handle to the
object to which the reference is related.
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] ref`: `napi_ref` for which we requesting the corresponding Object.
- `[out] result`: The `napi_value` for the Object referenced by the
`napi_ref`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
If still valid, this API returns the `napi_value` representing the
JavaScript Object associated with the `napi_ref`. Otherise, result
will be NULL.
## Module registration
N-API modules are registered in the same manner as other modules
except that instead of using the `NODE_MODULE` macro the following
is used:
```C
NAPI_MODULE(addon, Init)
```
The next difference is the signature for the `Init` method. For a N-API
module it is as follows:
```C
void Init(napi_env env, napi_value exports, napi_value module, void* priv);
```
As with any other module, functions are exported by either adding them to
the `exports` or `module` objects passed to the `Init` method.
For example, to add the method `hello` as a function so that it can be called
as a method provided by the addon:
```C
void Init(napi_env env, napi_value exports, napi_value module, void* priv) {
napi_status status;
napi_property_descriptor desc =
{"hello", Method, 0, 0, 0, napi_default, 0};
status = napi_define_properties(env, exports, 1, &desc);
}
```
For example, to set a function to be returned by the `require()` for the addon:
```C
void Init(napi_env env, napi_value exports, napi_value module, void* priv) {
napi_status status;
napi_property_descriptor desc =
{"exports", Method, 0, 0, 0, napi_default, 0};
status = napi_define_properties(env, module, 1, &desc);
}
```
For example, to define a class so that new instances can be created
(often used with [Object Wrap][]):
```C
// NOTE: partial example, not all referenced code is included
napi_status status;
napi_property_descriptor properties[] = {
{ "value", nullptr, GetValue, SetValue, 0, napi_default, 0 },
DECLARE_NAPI_METHOD("plusOne", PlusOne),
DECLARE_NAPI_METHOD("multiply", Multiply),
};
napi_value cons;
status =
napi_define_class(env, "MyObject", New, nullptr, 3, properties, &cons);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
status = napi_create_reference(env, cons, 1, &constructor);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
status = napi_set_named_property(env, exports, "MyObject", cons);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
```
For more details on setting properties on either the `exports` or `module`
objects, see the section on
[Working with JavaScript Properties][].
For more details on building addon modules in general, refer to the existing API
## Working with JavaScript Values
N-API exposes a set of APIs to create all types of JavaScript values.
Some of these types are documented under
[Section 6](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-data-types-and-values)
of the [ECMAScript Language Specification][].
Fundamentally, these APIs are used to do one of the following:
1. Create a new JavaScript object
2. Convert from a primitive C type to an N-API value
3. Convert from N-API value to a primitive C type
4. Get global instances including `undefined` and `null`
N-API values are represented by the type `napi_value`.
Any N-API call that requires a JavaScript value takes in a `napi_value`.
In some cases, the API does check the type of the `napi_value` up-front.
However, for better performance, it's better for the caller to make sure that
the `napi_value` in question is of the JavaScript type expected by the API.
### Enum types
#### *napi_valuetype*
```C
typedef enum {
// ES6 types (corresponds to typeof)
napi_undefined,
napi_null,
napi_boolean,
napi_number,
napi_string,
napi_symbol,
napi_object,
napi_function,
napi_external,
} napi_valuetype;
```
Describes the type of a `napi_value`. This generally corresponds to the types
described in
[Section 6.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types) of
the ECMAScript Language Specification.
In addition to types in that section, `napi_valuetype` can also represent
Functions and Objects with external data.
#### *napi_typedarray_type*
```C
typedef enum {
napi_int8_array,
napi_uint8_array,
napi_uint8_clamped_array,
napi_int16_array,
napi_uint16_array,
napi_int32_array,
napi_uint32_array,
napi_float32_array,
napi_float64_array,
} napi_typedarray_type;
```
This represents the underlying binary scalar datatype of the TypedArray.
Elements of this enum correspond to
[Section 22.2](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-typedarray-objects)
of the [ECMAScript Language Specification][].
### Object Creation Functions
#### *napi_create_array*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_array(napi_env env, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript Array.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns an N-API value corresponding to a JavaScript Array type.
JavaScript arrays are described in
[Section 22.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-array-objects) of the
ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_array_with_length*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_array_with_length(napi_env env,
size_t length,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] length`: The initial length of the Array.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript Array.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns an N-API value corresponding to a JavaScript Array type.
The Array's length property is set to the passed-in length parameter.
However, the underlying buffer is not guaranteed to be pre-allocated by the VM
when the array is created - that behavior is left to the underlying VM
implementation.
If the buffer must be a contiguous block of memory that can be
directly read and/or written via C, consider using
[`napi_create_external_arraybuffer`][].
JavaScript arrays are described in
[Section 22.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-array-objects) of the
ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_arraybuffer*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_arraybuffer(napi_env env,
size_t byte_length,
void** data,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] length`: The length in bytes of the array buffer to create.
- `[out] data`: Pointer to the underlying byte buffer of the ArrayBuffer.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript ArrayBuffer.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns an N-API value corresponding to a JavaScript ArrayBuffer.
ArrayBuffers are used to represent fixed-length binary data buffers. They are
normally used as a backing-buffer for TypedArray objects.
The ArrayBuffer allocated will have an underlying byte buffer whose size is
determined by the `length` parameter that's passed in.
The underlying buffer is optionally returned back to the caller in case the
caller wants to directly manipulate the buffer. This buffer can only be
written to directly from native code. To write to this buffer from JavaScript,
a typed array or DataView object would need to be created.
JavaScript ArrayBuffer objects are described in
[Section 24.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-arraybuffer-objects)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_buffer*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_buffer(napi_env env,
size_t size,
void** data,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] size`: Size in bytes of the underlying buffer.
- `[out] data`: Raw pointer to the underlying buffer.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a `node::Buffer`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allocates a `node::Buffer` object. While this is still a
fully-supported data structure, in most cases using a TypedArray will suffice.
#### *napi_create_buffer_copy*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_buffer_copy(napi_env env,
size_t length,
const void* data,
void** result_data,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] size`: Size in bytes of the input buffer (should be the same as the
size of the new buffer).
- `[in] data`: Raw pointer to the underlying buffer to copy from.
- `[out] result_data`: Pointer to the new Buffer's underlying data buffer.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a `node::Buffer`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allocates a `node::Buffer` object and initializes it with data copied
from the passed-in buffer. While this is still a fully-supported data
structure, in most cases using a TypedArray will suffice.
#### *napi_create_external*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_external(napi_env env,
void* data,
napi_finalize finalize_cb,
void* finalize_hint,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] data`: Raw pointer to the external data being wrapped.
- `[in] finalize_cb`: Optional callback to call when the wrapped object
is being collected.
- `[in] finalize_hint`: Optional hint to pass to the finalize callback
during collection.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing an external object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allocates a JavaScript object with external data attached to it.
This is used to wrap native objects and project them into JavaScript.
The API allows the caller to pass in a finalize callback, in case the
underlying native resource needs to be cleaned up when the wrapper
JavaScript object gets collected.
#### napi_create_external_arraybuffer
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status
napi_create_external_arraybuffer(napi_env env,
void* external_data,
size_t byte_length,
napi_finalize finalize_cb,
void* finalize_hint,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] external_data`: Pointer to the underlying byte buffer of the
ArrayBuffer.
- `[in] byte_length`: The length in bytes of the underlying buffer.
- `[in] finalize_cb`: Optional callback to call when the ArrayBuffer is
being collected.
- `[in] finalize_hint`: Optional hint to pass to the finalize callback
during collection.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript ArrayBuffer.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns an N-API value corresponding to a JavaScript ArrayBuffer.
The underlying byte buffer of the ArrayBuffer is externally allocated and
managed. The caller must ensure that the byte buffer remains valid until the
finalize callback is called.
JavaScript ArrayBuffers are described in
[Section 24.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-arraybuffer-objects)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_external_buffer*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_external_buffer(napi_env env,
size_t length,
void* data,
napi_finalize finalize_cb,
void* finalize_hint,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] length`: Size in bytes of the input buffer (should be the same as
the size of the new buffer).
- `[in] data`: Raw pointer to the underlying buffer to copy from.
- `[in] finalize_cb`: Optional callback to call when the ArrayBuffer is
being collected.
- `[in] finalize_hint`: Optional hint to pass to the finalize callback
during collection.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a `node::Buffer`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allocates a `node::Buffer` object and initializes it with data
backed by the passed in buffer. While this is still a fully-supported data
structure, in most cases using a TypedArray will suffice.
*Note*: For Node.js >=4 `Buffers` are Uint8Arrays.
#### *napi_create_function*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_function(napi_env env,
const char* utf8name,
napi_callback cb,
void* data,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] utf8name`: A string representing the name of the function encoded as
UTF8.
- `[in] cb`: A function pointer to the native function to be invoked when the
created function is invoked from JavaScript.
- `[in] data`: Optional arbitrary context data to be passed into the native
function when it is invoked.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript function.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns an N-API value corresponding to a JavaScript Function object.
It's used to wrap native functions so that they can be invoked from JavaScript.
JavaScript Functions are described in
[Section 19.2](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-function-objects)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_object*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_object(napi_env env, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript Object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allocates a default JavaScript Object.
It is the equivalent of doing `new Object()` in JavaScript.
The JavaScript Object type is described in
[Section 6.1.7](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-object-type) of the
ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_symbol*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_symbol(napi_env env,
const char* description,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] description`: Null-terminated character buffer representing a
UTF8-encoded string to describe the symbol.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript Symbol.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API creates a JavaScript Symbol object from a UTF8-encoded C string
The JavaScript Symbol type is described in
[Section 19.4](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-symbol-objects)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_typedarray*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_typedarray(napi_env env,
napi_typedarray_type type,
size_t length,
napi_value arraybuffer,
size_t byte_offset,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] type`: Scalar datatype of the elements within the TypedArray.
- `[in] length`: Number of elements in the TypedArray.
- `[in] arraybuffer`: ArrayBuffer underlying the typed array.
- `[in] byte_offset`: The byte offset within the ArrayBuffer from which to
start projecting the TypedArray.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript TypedArray.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API creates a JavaScript TypedArray object over an existing ArrayBuffer.
TypedArray objects provide an array-like view over an underlying data buffer
where each element has the same underlying binary scalar datatype.
It's required that (length * size_of_element) + byte_offset should
be <= the size in bytes of the array passed in. If not, a RangeError exception is
raised.
JavaScript TypedArray Objects are described in
[Section 22.2](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-typedarray-objects)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
### Functions to convert from C types to N-API
#### *napi_create_number*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_number(napi_env env, double value, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: Double-precision value to be represented in JavaScript.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript Number.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API is used to convert from the C double type to the JavaScript
Number type.
The JavaScript Number type is described in
[Section 6.1.6](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-number-type)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_string_utf16*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_string_utf16(napi_env env,
const char16_t* str,
size_t length,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] str`: Character buffer representing a UTF16-LE-encoded string.
- `[in] length`: The length of the string in characters, or -1 if it is
null-terminated.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript String.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API creates a JavaScript String object from a UTF16-LE-encoded C string
The JavaScript String type is described in
[Section 6.1.4](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_create_string_utf8*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_string_utf8(napi_env env,
const char* str,
size_t length,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] s`: Character buffer representing a UTF8-encoded string.
- `[in] length`: The length of the string in characters, or -1 if it is
null-terminated.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing a JavaScript String.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API creates a JavaScript String object from a UTF8-encoded C string
The JavaScript String type is described in
[Section 6.1.4](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-ecmascript-language-types-string-type)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
### Functions to convert from N-API to C types
#### *napi_get_array_length*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_array_length(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
uint32_t* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript Array whose length is
being queried.
- `[out] result`: `uint32` representing length of the array.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns the length of an array.
Array length is described in
[Section 22.1.4.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-properties-of-array-instances-length)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
#### *napi_get_arraybuffer_info*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_arraybuffer_info(napi_env env,
napi_value arraybuffer,
void** data,
size_t* byte_length)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] arraybuffer`: `napi_value` representing the ArrayBuffer being queried.
- `[out] data`: The underlying data buffer of the ArrayBuffer.
- `[out] byte_length`: Length in bytes of the underlying data buffer.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API is used to retrieve the underlying data buffer of an ArrayBuffer and
its length.
WARNING: Use caution while using this API. The lifetime of the underlying data
buffer is managed by the ArrayBuffer even after it's returned. A
possible safe way to use this API is in conjunction with [`napi_create_reference`][],
which can be used to guarantee control over the lifetime of the
ArrayBuffer. It's also safe to use the returned data buffer within the same
callback as long as there are no calls to other APIs that might trigger a GC.
#### *napi_get_buffer_info*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_buffer_info(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
void** data,
size_t* length)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing the `node::Buffer` being queried.
- `[out] data`: The underlying data buffer of the `node::Buffer`.
- `[out] length`: Length in bytes of the underlying data buffer.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API is used to retrieve the underlying data buffer of a `node::Buffer`
and it's length.
Warning: Use caution while using this API since the underlying data buffer's
lifetime is not guaranteed if it's managed by the VM.
#### *napi_get_prototype*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_prototype(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Object whose prototype
to return. This returns the equivalent of `Object.getPrototypeOf` (which is
not the same as the function's `prototype` property).
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing prototype of the given object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
#### *napi_get_typedarray_info*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_typedarray_info(napi_env env,
napi_value typedarray,
napi_typedarray_type* type,
size_t* length,
void** data,
napi_value* arraybuffer,
size_t* byte_offset)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] typedarray`: `napi_value` representing the TypedArray whose
properties to query.
- `[out] type`: Scalar datatype of the elements within the TypedArray.
- `[out] length`: Number of elements in the TypedArray.
- `[out] data`: The data buffer underlying the typed array.
- `[out] byte_offset`: The byte offset within the data buffer from which
to start projecting the TypedArray.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns various properties of a typed array.
Warning: Use caution while using this API since the underlying data buffer
is managed by the VM
#### *napi_get_value_bool*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_bool(napi_env env, napi_value value, bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Boolean.
- `[out] result`: C boolean primitive equivalent of the given JavaScript
Boolean.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-boolean `napi_value` is
passed in it returns `napi_boolean_expected`.
This API returns C boolean primitive equivalent of the given JavaScript
Boolea
#### *napi_get_value_double*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_double(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
double* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Number.
- `[out] result`: C double primitive equivalent of the given JavaScript
Number.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-number `napi_value` is passed
in it returns `napi_number_expected`.
This API returns the C double primitive equivalent of the given JavaScript
Number.
#### *napi_get_value_external*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_external(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
void** result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript External value.
- `[out] result`: Pointer to the data wrapped by the JavaScript External value.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-external `napi_value` is
passed in it returns `napi_invalid_arg`.
This API returns the pointer to the data wrapped by the JavaScript
External value
#### *napi_get_value_int32*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_int32(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
int32_t* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Number.
- `[out] result`: C int32 primitive equivalent of the given JavaScript Number.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-number `napi_value`
is passed in `napi_number_expected .
This API returns the C int32 primitive equivalent
of the given JavaScript Number. If the number exceeds the range of the
32 bit integer, then the result is truncated to the equivalent of the
bottom 32 bits. This can result in a large positive number becoming
a negative number if the the value is > 2^31 -1.
#### *napi_get_value_int64*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_int64(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
int64_t* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Number.
- `[out] result`: C int64 primitive equivalent of the given JavaScript Number.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-number `napi_value`
is passed in it returns `napi_number_expected`.
This API returns the C int64 primitive equivalent of the given
JavaScript Number
#### *napi_get_value_string_length*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_string_length(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
int* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript string.
- `[out] result`: Number of characters in the given JavaScript string.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-String `napi_value`
is passed in it returns `napi_string_expected`.
This API returns the number of characters in the given JavaScript string.
#### *napi_get_value_string_utf8*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_string_utf8(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
char* buf,
size_t bufsize,
size_t* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript string.
- `[in] buf`: Buffer to write the UTF8-encoded string into. If NULL is passed
in, the length of the string (in bytes) is returned.
- `[in] bufsize`: Size of the destination buffer.
- `[out] result`: Number of bytes copied into the buffer including the null.
terminator. If the buffer size is insufficient, the string will be truncated
including a null terminator.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. Ifa non-String `napi_value`
x is passed in it returns `napi_string_expected`.
This API returns the UTF8-encoded string corresponding the value passed in.
#### *napi_get_value_string_utf16*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_string_utf16(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
char16_t* buf,
size_t bufsize,
size_t* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript string.
- `[in] buf`: Buffer to write the UTF16-LE-encoded string into. If NULL is
passed in, the length of the string (in 2-byte code units) is returned.
- `[in] bufsize`: Size of the destination buffer.
- `[out] result`: Number of 2-byte code units copied into the buffer including
the null terminateor. If the buffer size is insufficient, the string will be
truncated including a null terminator.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-String `napi_value`
is passed in it returns `napi_string_expected`.
This API returns the UTF16-encoded string corresponding the value passed in.
#### *napi_get_value_uint32*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_value_uint32(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
uint32_t* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Number.
- `[out] result`: C primitive equivalent of the given `napi_value` as a
`uint32_t`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded. If a non-number `napi_value`
is passed in it returns `napi_number_expected`.
This API returns the C primitive equivalent of the given `napi_value` as a
`uint32_t`.
### Functions to get global instances
#### *napi_get_boolean*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_boolean(napi_env env, bool value, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The value of the boolean to retrieve.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Boolean singleton to
retrieve.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API is used to return the JavaScript singleton object that is used to
represent the given boolean value
#### *napi_get_global*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_global(napi_env env, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Global Object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns the global Object.
#### *napi_get_null*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_null(napi_env env, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Null Object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns the null Object.
#### *napi_get_undefined*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_undefined(napi_env env, napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing JavaScript Undefined value.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns the Undefined object.
## Working with JavaScript Values - Abstract Operations
N-API exposes a set of APIs to perform some abstract operations on JavaScript
values. Some of these operations are documented under
[Section 7](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-abstract-operations)
of the [ECMAScript Language Specification](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/).
These APIs support doing one of the following:
1. Coerce JavaScript values to specific JavaScript types (such as Number or
String)
2. Check the type of a JavaScript value
3. Check for equality between two JavaScript values
### *napi_coerce_to_bool*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_coerce_to_bool(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to coerce.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the coerced JavaScript Boolean.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API implements the abstract operation ToBoolean as defined in
[Section 7.1.2](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-toboolean)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
This API can be re-entrant if getters are defined on the passed-in Object.
### *napi_coerce_to_number*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_coerce_to_number(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to coerce.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the coerced JavaScript Number.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API implements the abstract operation ToNumber as defined in
[Section 7.1.3](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-tonumber)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
This API can be re-entrant if getters are defined on the passed-in Object.
### *napi_coerce_to_object*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_coerce_to_object(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to coerce.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the coerced JavaScript Object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API implements the abstract operation ToObject as defined in
[Section 7.1.13](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-toobject)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
This API can be re-entrant if getters are defined on the passed-in Object.
### *napi_coerce_to_string*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_coerce_to_string(napi_env env,
napi_value value,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to coerce.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the coerced JavaScript String.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API implements the abstract operation ToString as defined in
[Section 7.1.13](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-tostring)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
This API can be re-entrant if getters are defined on the passed-in Object.
### *napi_typeof*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_typeof(napi_env env, napi_value value, napi_valuetype* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value whose type to query.
- `[out] result`: The type of the JavaScript value.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
- `napi_invalid_arg` if the type of `value` is not a known ECMAScript type and
`value` is not an External value.
This API represents behavior similar to invoking the `typeof` Operator on
the object as defined in [Section 12.5.5][] of the ECMAScript Language
Specification. However, it has support for detecting an External value.
If `value` has a type that is invalid, an error is returned.
### *napi_instanceof*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_instanceof(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
napi_value constructor,
bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[in] constructor`: The JavaScript function object of the constructor
function to check against.
- `[out] result`: Boolean that is set to true if `object instanceof constructor`
is true.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API represents invoking the `instanceof` Operator on the object as
defined in
[Section 12.10.4](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-instanceofoperator)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
### *napi_is_array*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_is_array(napi_env env, napi_value value, bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the given object is an array.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API represents invoking the `IsArray` operation on the object
as defined in [Section 7.2.2](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-isarray)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
### *napi_is_arraybuffer*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_is_arraybuffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the given object is an ArrayBuffer.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API checks if the Object passsed in is an array buffer.
### *napi_is_buffer*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_is_buffer(napi_env env, napi_value value, bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the given `napi_value` represents a `node::Buffer`
object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API checks if the Object passsed in is a buffer.
### *napi_is_error*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_is_error(napi_env env, napi_value value, bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the given `napi_value` represents an Error object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API checks if the Object passsed in is an Error.
### *napi_is_typedarray*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_is_typedarray(napi_env env, napi_value value, bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] value`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the given `napi_value` represents a TypedArray.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API checks if the Object passsed in is a typed array.
### *napi_strict_equals*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_strict_equals(napi_env env,
napi_value lhs,
napi_value rhs,
bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] lhs`: The JavaScript value to check.
- `[in] rhs`: The JavaScript value to check against.
- `[out] result`: Whether the two `napi_value` objects are equal.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API represents the invocation of the Strict Equality algorithm as
defined in
[Section 7.2.14](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-strict-equality-comparison)
of the ECMAScript Language Specification.
## Working with JavaScript Properties
N-API exposes a set of APIs to get and set properties on JavaScript
objects. Some of these types are documented under
[Section 7](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-operations-on-objects) of the
[ECMAScript Language Specification](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/).
Properties in JavaScript are represented as a tuple of a key and a value.
Fundamentally, all property keys in N-API can be represented in one of the
following forms:
- Named: a simple UTF8-encoded string
- Integer-Indexed: an index value represented by `uint32_t`
- JavaScript value: these are represented in N-API by `napi_value`. This can
be a `napi_value` representing a String, Number or Symbol.
N-API values are represented by the type `napi_value`.
Any N-API call that requires a JavaScript value takes in a `napi_value`.
However, it's the caller's responsibility to make sure that the
`napi_value` in question is of the JavaScript type expected by the API.
The APIs documented in this section provide a simple interface to
get and set properties on arbitrary JavaScript objects represented by
`napi_value`.
For instance, consider the following JavaScript code snippet:
```js
const obj = {};
obj.myProp = 123;
```
The equivalent can be done using N-API values with the following snippet:
```C
napi_status status = napi_generic_failure;
// const obj = {}
napi_value obj, value;
status = napi_create_object(env, &obj);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// Create a napi_value for 123
status = napi_create_number(env, 123, &value);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// obj.myProp = 123
status = napi_set_named_property(env, obj, "myProp", value);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
```
Indexed properties can be set in a similar manner. Consider the following
JavaScript snippet:
```js
const arr = [];
arr[123] = 'hello';
```
The equivalent can be done using N-API values with the following snippet:
```C
napi_status status = napi_generic_failure;
// const arr = [];
napi_value arr, value;
status = napi_create_array(env, &arr);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// Create a napi_value for 'hello'
status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, "hello", -1, &value);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// arr[123] = 'hello';
status = napi_set_element(env, arr, 123, value);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
```
Properties can be retrieved using the APIs described in this section.
Consider the following JavaScript snippet:
```js
const arr = [];
const value = arr[123];
```
The following is the approximate equivalent of the N-API counterpart:
```C
napi_status status = napi_generic_failure;
// const arr = []
napi_value arr, value;
status = napi_create_array(env, &arr);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// const value = arr[123]
status = napi_get_element(env, arr, 123, &value);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
```
Finally, multiple properties can also be defined on an object for performance
reasons. Consider the following JavaScript:
```js
const obj = {};
Object.defineProperties(obj, {
'foo': { value: 123, writable: true, configurable: true, enumerable: true },
'bar': { value: 456, writable: true, configurable: true, enumerable: true }
});
```
The following is the approximate equivalent of the N-API counterpart:
```C
napi_status status = napi_status_generic_failure;
// const obj = {};
napi_value obj;
status = napi_create_obj(env, &obj);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// Create napi_values for 123 and 456
napi_value fooValue, barValue;
status = napi_create_number(env, 123, &fooValue);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
status = napi_create_number(env, 456, &barValue);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
// Set the properties
napi_property_descriptors descriptors[] = {
{ "foo", fooValue, 0, 0, 0, napi_default, 0 },
{ "bar", barValue, 0, 0, 0, napi_default, 0 }
}
status = napi_define_properties(env,
obj,
sizeof(descriptors) / sizeof(descriptors[0]),
descriptors);
if (status != napi_ok) return status;
```
### Structures
#### *napi_property_attributes*
```C
typedef enum {
napi_default = 0,
napi_read_only = 1 << 0,
napi_dont_enum = 1 << 1,
napi_dont_delete = 1 << 2,
napi_static_property = 1 << 10,
} napi_property_attributes;
```
`napi_property_attributes` are flags used to control the behavior of properties
set on a JavaScript object. They roughly correspond to the attributes listed in
[Section 6.1.7.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#table-2) of the
[ECMAScript Language Specification](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/). They can
be one or more of the following bitflags:
- `napi_default` - Used to indicate that no explicit attributes are set on the
given property. By default, a property is Writable, Enumerable, and
Configurable. This is a deviation from the ECMAScript specification,
where generally the values for a property descriptor attribute default to
false if they're not provided.
- `napi_read_only` - Used to indicate that a given property is not Writable.
- `napi_dont_enum` - Used to indicate that a given property is not Enumerable.
- `napi_dont_delete` - Used to indicate that a given property is not.
Configurable, as defined in
[Section 6.1.7.1](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#table-2) of the
[ECMAScript Language Specification](https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/).
- `napi_static_property` - Used to indicate that the property will be defined as
a static property on a class as opposed to an instance property, which is the
default. This is used only by [`napi_define_class`][]. It is ignored by
`napi_define_properties`.
#### *napi_property_descriptor*
```C
typedef struct {
const char* utf8name;
napi_callback method;
napi_callback getter;
napi_callback setter;
napi_value value;
napi_property_attributes attributes;
void* data;
} napi_property_descriptor;
```
- `utf8name`: String describing the key for the property, encoded as UTF8.
- `value`: The value that's retrieved by a get access of the property if the
property is a data property. If this is passed in, set `getter`, `setter`,
`method` and `data` to `NULL` (since these members won't be used).
- `getter`: A function to call when a get access of the property is performed.
If this is passed in, set `value` and `method` to `NULL` (since these members
won't be used). The given function is called implicitly by the runtime when the
property is accessed from JavaScript code (or if a get on the property is
performed using a N-API call).
- `setter`: A function to call when a set access of the property is performed.
If this is passed in, set `value` and `method` to `NULL` (since these members
won't be used). The given function is called implicitly by the runtime when the
property is set from JavaScript code (or if a set on the property is
performed using a N-API call).
- `method`: Set this to make the property descriptor object's `value`
property to be a JavaScript function represented by `method`. If this is
passed in, set `value`, `getter` and `setter` to `NULL` (since these members
won't be used).
- `data`: The callback data passed into `method`, `getter` and `setter` if
this function is invoked.
- `attributes`: The attributes associated with the particular property.
See [`napi_property_attributes`](#napi_property_attributes).
### Functions
#### *napi_get_property_names*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_property_names(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object from which to retrieve the properties.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing an array of JavaScript values
that represent the property names of the object. The API can be used to
iterate over `result` using [`napi_get_array_length`][]
and [`napi_get_element`][].
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns the array of propertys for the Object passed in
#### *napi_set_property*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_set_property(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
napi_value key,
napi_value value);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object on which to set the property.
- `[in] key`: The name of the property to set.
- `[in] value`: The property value.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API set a property on the Object passed in.
#### *napi_get_property*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_property(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
napi_value key,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object from which to retrieve the property.
- `[in] key`: The name of the property to retrieve.
- `[out] result`: The value of the property.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API gets the requested property from the Object passed in.
#### *napi_has_property*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_has_property(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
napi_value key,
bool* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object to query.
- `[in] key`: The name of the property whose existence to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the property exists on the object or not.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API checks if the Object passed in has the named property.
#### *napi_set_named_property*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_set_named_property(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
const char* utf8Name,
napi_value value);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object on which to set the property.
- `[in] utf8Name`: The name of the property to set.
- `[in] value`: The property value.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method is equivalent to calling [`napi_set_property`][] with a `napi_value`
created from the string passed in as `utf8Name`
#### *napi_get_named_property*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_named_property(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
const char* utf8Name,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object from which to retrieve the property.
- `[in] utf8Name`: The name of the property to get.
- `[out] result`: The value of the property.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method is equivalent to calling [`napi_get_property`][] with a `napi_value`
created from the string passed in as `utf8Name`
#### *napi_has_named_property*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_has_named_property(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
const char* utf8Name,
bool* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object to query.
- `[in] utf8Name`: The name of the property whose existence to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the property exists on the object or not.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method is equivalent to calling [`napi_has_property`][] with a `napi_value`
created from the string passed in as `utf8Name`
#### *napi_set_element*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_set_element(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
uint32_t index,
napi_value value);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object from which to set the properties.
- `[in] index`: The index of the property to set.
- `[in] value`: The property value.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API sets and element on the Object passed in.
#### *napi_get_element*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_element(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
uint32_t index,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object from which to retrieve the property.
- `[in] index`: The index of the property to get.
- `[out] result`: The value of the property.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API gets the element at the requested index.
#### *napi_has_element*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_has_element(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
uint32_t index,
bool* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object to query.
- `[in] index`: The index of the property whose existence to check.
- `[out] result`: Whether the property exists on the object or not.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns if the Object passed in has an element at the
requested index.
#### *napi_define_properties*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_define_properties(napi_env env,
napi_value object,
size_t property_count,
const napi_property_descriptor* properties);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the N-API call is invoked under.
- `[in] object`: The object from which to retrieve the properties.
- `[in] property_count`: The number of elements in the `properties` array.
- `[in] properties`: The array of property descriptors.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method allows the efficient definition of multiple properties on a given
object. The properties are defined using property descriptors (See
[`napi_property_descriptor`][]). Given an array of such property descriptors, this
API will set the properties on the object one at a time, as defined by
DefineOwnProperty (described in [Section 9.1.6][] of the ECMA262 specification).
## Working with JavaScript Functions
N-API provides a set of APIs that allow JavaScript code to
call back into native code. N-API APIs that support calling back
into native code take in a callback functions represented by
the `napi_callback` type. When the JavaScript VM calls back to
native code, the `napi_callback` function provided is invoked. The APIs
documented in this section allow the callback function to do the
following:
- Get information about the context in which the callback was invoked.
- Get the arguments passed into the callback.
- Return a `napi_value` back from the callback.
Additionally, N-API provides a set of functions which allow calling
JavaScript functions from native code. One can either call a function
like a regular JavaScript function call, or as a constructor
function.
### *napi_call_function*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_call_function(napi_env env,
napi_value recv,
napi_value func,
int argc,
const napi_value* argv,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] recv`: The `this` object passed to the called function.
- `[in] func`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript function
to be invoked.
- `[in] argc`: The count of elements in the `argv` array.
- `[in] argv`: Array of `napi_values` representing JavaScript values passed
in as arguments to the function.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript object returned.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method allows a JavaScript function object to be called from a native
add-on. This is an primary mechanism of calling back *from* the add-on's
native code *into* JavaScript. For special cases like calling into JavaScript
after an async operation, see [`napi_make_callback`][].
A sample use case might look as follows. Consider the following JavaScript
snippet:
```js
function AddTwo(num) {
return num + 2;
}
```
Then, the above function can be invoked from a native add-on using the
following code:
```C
// Get the function named "AddTwo" on the global object
napi_value global, add_two, arg;
napi_status status = napi_get_global(env, &global);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
status = napi_get_named_property(env, global, "AddTwo", &add_two);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
// const arg = 1337
status = napi_create_number(env, 1337, &arg);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
napi_value* argv = &arg;
size_t argc = 1;
// AddTwo(arg);
napi_value return_val;
status = napi_call_function(env, global, add_two, argc, argv, &return_val);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
// Convert the result back to a native type
int32_t result;
status = napi_get_value_int32(env, return_val, &result);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
```
### *napi_create_function*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_create_function(napi_env env,
const char* utf8name,
napi_callback cb,
void* data,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] utf8Name`: The name of the function encoded as UTF8. This is visible
within JavaScript as the new function object's `name` property.
- `[in] cb`: The native function which should be called when this function
object is invoked.
- `[in] data`: User-provided data context. This will be passed back into the
function when invoked later.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript function object for
the newly created function.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allows an add-on author to create a function object in native code.
This is the primary mechanism to allow calling *into* the add-on's native code
*from* Javascript.
*Note*: The newly created function is not automatically visible from
script after this call. Instead, a property must be explicitly set on any
object that is visible to JavaScript, in order for the function to be accessible
from script.
In order to expose a function as part of the
add-on's module exports, set the newly created function on the exports
object. A sample module might look as follows:
```C
void SayHello(napi_env env, napi_callback_info info) {
printf("Hello\n");
}
void Init(napi_env env, napi_value exports, napi_value module, void* priv) {
napi_status status;
napi_value fn;
status = napi_create_function(env, NULL, SayHello, NULL, &fn);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
status = napi_set_named_property(env, exports, "sayHello", fn);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
}
NAPI_MODULE(addon, Init)
```
Given the above code, the add-on can be used from JavaScript as follows:
```js
const myaddon = require('./addon');
myaddon.sayHello();
```
*Note*: The string passed to require is not necessarily the name passed into
`NAPI_MODULE` in the earlier snippet but the name of the target in `binding.gyp`
responsible for creating the `.node` file.
### *napi_get_cb_info*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_get_cb_info(napi_env env,
napi_callback_info cbinfo,
size_t* argc,
napi_value* argv,
napi_value* thisArg,
void** data)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] cbinfo`: The callback info passed into the callback function.
- `[in-out] argc`: Specifies the size of the provided `argv` array
and receives the actual count of arguments.
- `[out] argv`: Buffer to which the `napi_value` representing the
arguments are copied. If there are more arguments than the provided
count, only the requested number of arguments are copied. If there are fewer
arguments provided than claimed, the rest of `argv` is filled with `napi_value`
values that represent `undefined`.
- `[out] this`: Receives the JavaScript `this` argument for the call.
- `[out] data`: Receives the data pointer for the callback.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method is used within a callback function to retrieve details about the
call like the arguments and the `this` pointer from a given callback info.
### *napi_is_construct_call*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_is_construct_call(napi_env env,
napi_callback_info cbinfo,
bool* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] cbinfo`: The callback info passed into the callback function.
- `[out] result`: Whether the native function is being invoked as
a constructor call.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API checks if the the current callback was due to a
consructor call.
### *napi_new_instance*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_new_instance(napi_env env,
napi_value cons,
size_t argc,
napi_value* argv,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] cons`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript function
to be invoked as a constructor.
- `[in] argc`: The count of elements in the `argv` array.
- `[in] argv`: Array of JavaScript values as `napi_value`
representing the arguments to the constructor.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript object returned,
which in this case is the constructed object.
This method is used to instantiate a new JavaScript value using a given
`napi_value` that represents the constructor for the object. For example,
consider the following snippet:
```js
function MyObject(param) {
this.param = param;
}
const arg = 'hello';
const value = new MyObject(arg);
```
The following can be approximated in N-API using the following snippet:
```C
// Get the constructor function MyObject
napi_value global, constructor, arg, value;
napi_status status = napi_get_global(env, &global);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
status = napi_get_named_property(env, global, "MyObject", &constructor);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
// const arg = "hello"
status = napi_create_string_utf8(env, "hello", -1, &arg);
if (status != napi_ok) return;
napi_value* argv = &arg;
size_t argc = 1;
// const value = new MyObject(arg)
status = napi_new_instance(env, constructor, argc, argv, &value);
```
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
### *napi_make_callback*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_make_callback(napi_env env,
napi_value recv,
napi_value func,
int argc,
const napi_value* argv,
napi_value* result)
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] recv`: The `this` object passed to the called function.
- `[in] func`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript function
to be invoked.
- `[in] argc`: The count of elements in the `argv` array.
- `[in] argv`: Array of JavaScript values as `napi_value`
representing the arguments to the function.
- `[out] result`: `napi_value` representing the JavaScript object returned.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This method allows a JavaScript function object to be called from a native
add-on. This API is similar to `napi_call_function`. However, it is used to call
*from* native code back *into* JavaScript *after* returning from an async
operation (when there is no other script on the stack). It is a fairly simple
wrapper around `node::MakeCallback`.
For an example on how to use `napi_make_callback`, see the section on
[Asynchronous Operations][].
## Object Wrap
N-API offers a way to "wrap" C++ classes and instances so that the class
constructor and methods can be called from JavaScript.
1. The [`napi_define_class`][] API defines a JavaScript class with constructor,
static properties and methods, and instance properties and methods that
correspond to the The C++ class.
2. When JavaScript code invokes the constructor, the constructor callback
uses [`napi_wrap`][] to wrap a new C++ instance in a JavaScript object,
then returns the wrapper object.
3. When JavaScript code invokes a method or property accessor on the class,
the corresponding `napi_callback` C++ function is invoked. For an instance
callback, [`napi_unwrap`][] obtains the C++ instance that is the target of
the call.
### *napi_define_class*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_define_class(napi_env env,
const char* utf8name,
napi_callback constructor,
void* data,
size_t property_count,
const napi_property_descriptor* properties,
napi_value* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] utf8name`: Name of the JavaScript constructor function; this is
not required to be the same as the C++ class name, though it is recommended
for clarity.
- `[in] constructor`: Callback function that handles constructing instances
of the class. (This should be a static method on the class, not an actual
C++ constructor function.)
- `[in] data`: Optional data to be passed to the constructor callback as
the `data` property of the callback info.
- `[in] property_count`: Number of items in the `properties` array argument.
- `[in] properties`: Array of property descriptors describing static and
instance data properties, accessors, and methods on the class
See `napi_property_descriptor`.
- `[out] result`: A `napi_value` representing the constructor function for
the class.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
Defines a JavaScript class that corresponds to a C++ class, including:
- A JavaScript constructor function that has the class name and invokes the
provided C++ constructor callback.
- Properties on the constructor function corresponding to _static_ data
properties, accessors, and methods of the C++ class (defined by
property descriptors with the `napi_static` attribute).
- Properties on the constructor function's `prototype` object corresponding to
_non-static_ data properties, accessors, and methods of the C++ class
(defined by property descriptors without the `napi_static` attribute).
The C++ constructor callback should be a static method on the class that calls
the actual class constructor, then wraps the new C++ instance in a JavaScript
object, and returns the wrapper object. See `napi_wrap()` for details.
The JavaScript constructor function returned from [`napi_define_class`][] is
often saved and used later, to construct new instances of the class from native
code, and/or check whether provided values are instances of the class. In that
case, to prevent the function value from being garbage-collected, create a
persistent reference to it using [`napi_create_reference`][] and ensure the
reference count is kept >= 1.
### *napi_wrap*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_wrap(napi_env env,
napi_value js_object,
void* native_object,
napi_finalize finalize_cb,
void* finalize_hint,
napi_ref* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] js_object`: The JavaScript object that will be the wrapper for the
native object. This object _must_ have been created from the `prototype` of
a constructor that was created using `napi_define_class()`.
- `[in] native_object`: The native instance that will be wrapped in the
JavaScript object.
- `[in] finalize_cb`: Optional native callback that can be used to free the
native instance when the JavaScript object is ready for garbage-collection.
- `[in] finalize_hint`: Optional contextual hint that is passed to the
finalize callback.
- `[out] result`: Optional reference to the wrapped object.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
Wraps a native instance in JavaScript object of the corresponding type.
When JavaScript code invokes a constructor for a class that was defined using
`napi_define_class()`, the `napi_callback` for the constructor is invoked.
After constructing an instance of the native class, the callback must then call
`napi_wrap()` to wrap the newly constructed instance in the already-created
JavaScript object that is the `this` argument to the constructor callback.
(That `this` object was created from the constructor function's `prototype`,
so it already has definitions of all the instance properties and methods.)
Typically when wrapping a class instance, a finalize callback should be
provided that simply deletes the native instance that is received as the `data`
argument to the finalize callback.
The optional returned reference is initially a weak reference, meaning it
has a reference count of 0. Typically this reference count would be incremented
temporarily during async operations that require the instance to remain valid.
Caution: The optional returned reference (if obtained) should be deleted via
[`napi_delete_reference`][] ONLY in response to the finalize callback invocation.
(If it is deleted before then, then the finalize callback may never be
invoked.) Therefore when obtaining a reference a finalize callback is also
required in order to enable correct proper of the reference.
### *napi_unwrap*
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
napi_status napi_unwrap(napi_env env,
napi_value js_object,
void** result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] js_object`: The object associated with the C++ class instance.
- `[out] result`: Pointer to the wrapped C++ class instance.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
When JavaScript code invokes a method or property accessor on the class, the
corresponding `napi_callback` is invoked. If the callback is for an instance
method or accessor, then the `this` argument to the callback is the wrapper
object; the wrapped C++ instance that is the target of the call can be obtained
then by calling `napi_unwrap()` on the wrapper object.
## Asynchronous Operations
Addon modules often need to leverage async helpers from libuv as part of their
implementation. This allows them to schedule work to be executed asynchronously
so that their methods can return in advance of the work being completed. This
is important in order to allow them to avoid blocking overall execution
of the Node.js application.
N-API provides an ABI-stable interface for these
supporting functions which covers the most common asynchronous use cases.
N-API defines the `napi_work` structure which is used to manage
asynchronous workers. Instances are created/deleted with
[`napi_create_async_work`][] and [`napi_delete_async_work`][].
The `execute` and `complete` callbacks are functions that will be
invoked when the executor is ready to execute and when it completes its
task respectively. These functions implement the following interfaces:
```C
typedef void (*napi_async_execute_callback)(napi_env env,
void* data);
typedef void (*napi_async_complete_callback)(napi_env env,
napi_status status,
void* data);
```
When these methods are invoked, the `data` parameter passed will be the
addon-provided void* data that was passed into the
`napi_create_async_work` call.
Once created the async worker can be queued
for execution using the [`napi_queue_async_work`][] function:
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
napi_async_work work);
```
[`napi_cancel_async_work`][] can be used if the work needs
to be cancelled before the work has started execution.
After calling [`napi_cancel_async_work`][], the `complete` callback
will be invoked with a status value of `napi_cancelled`.
The work should not be deleted before the `complete`
callback invocation, even when it was cancelled.
### napi_create_async_work
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN
napi_status napi_create_async_work(napi_env env,
napi_async_execute_callback execute,
napi_async_complete_callback complete,
void* data,
napi_async_work* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] execute`: The native function which should be called to excute
the logic asynchronously.
- `[in] complete`: The native function which will be called when the
asynchronous logic is comple or is cancelled.
- `[in] data`: User-provided data context. This will be passed back into the
execute and complete functions.
- `[out] result`: `napi_async_work*` which is the handle to the newly created
async work.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API allocates a work object that is used to execute logic asynchronously.
It should be freed using [`napi_delete_async_work`][] once the work is no longer
required.
### napi_delete_async_work
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_delete_async_work(napi_env env,
napi_async_work work);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] work`: The handle returned by the call to `napi_create_async_work`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API frees a previously allocated work object.
### napi_queue_async_work
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_queue_async_work(napi_env env,
napi_async_work work);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] work`: The handle returned by the call to `napi_create_async_work`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API requests that the previously allocated work be scheduled
for execution.
### napi_cancel_async_work
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_cancel_async_work(napi_env env,
napi_async_work work);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[in] work`: The handle returned by the call to `napi_create_async_work`.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API cancels queued work if it has not yet
been started. If it has already started executing, it cannot be
cancelled and `napi_generic_failure` will be returned. If successful,
the `complete` callback will be invoked with a status value of
`napi_cancelled`. The work should not be deleted before the `complete`
callback invocation, even if it has been successfully cancelled.
## Version Management
### napi_get_version
<!-- YAML
added: v8.0.0
-->
```C
NAPI_EXTERN napi_status napi_get_version(napi_env env,
uint32_t* result);
```
- `[in] env`: The environment that the API is invoked under.
- `[out] result`: The highest version of N-API supported.
Returns `napi_ok` if the API succeeded.
This API returns the highest N-API version supported by the
Node.js runtime. N-API is planned to be additive such that
newer releases of Node.js may support additional API functions.
In order to allow an addon to use a newer function when running with
versions of Node.js that support it, while providing
fallback behavior when running with Node.js versions that don't
support it:
* Call `napi_get_version()` to determine if the API is available.
* If available, dynamically load a pointer to the function using `uv_dlsym()`.
* Use the dynamically loaded pointer to invoke the function.
* If the function is not available, provide an alternate implementation
that does not use the function.
[Aynchronous Operations]: #n_api_asynchronous_operations
[Basic N-API Data Types]: #n_api_basic_n_api_data_types
[ECMAScript Language Specification]: https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/
[Error Handling]: #n_api_error_handling
[Module Registration]: #n_api_module_registration
[Native Abstractions for Node.js]: https://github.com/nodejs/nan
[Object Lifetime Management]: #n_api_object_lifetime_management
[Object Wrap]: #n_api_object_wrap
[Section 9.1.6]: https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-ordinary-object-internal-methods-and-internal-slots-defineownproperty-p-desc
[Section 12.5.5]: https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/#sec-typeof-operator
[Working with JavaScript Functions]: #n_api_working_with_javascript_functions
[Working with JavaScript Properties]: #n_api_working_with_javascript_properties
[Working with JavaScript Values]: #n_api_working_with_javascript_values
[Working with JavaScript Values - Abstract Operations]: #n_api_working_with_javascript_values_abstract_operations
[`napi_cancel_async_work`]: #n_api_napi_cancel_async_work
[`napi_close_escapable_handle_scope`]: #n_api_napi_close_escapable_handle_scope
[`napi_close_handle_scope`]: #n_api_napi_close_handle_scope
[`napi_create_async_work`]: #n_api_napi_create_async_work
[`napi_create_error`]: #n_api_napi_create_error
[`napi_create_external_arraybuffer`]: #n_api_napi_create_external_arraybuffer
[`napi_create_range_error`]: #n_api_napi_create_range_error
[`napi_create_reference`]: #n_api_napi_create_reference
[`napi_create_type_error`]: #n_api_napi_create_type_error
[`napi_delete_async_work`]: #n_api_napi_delete_async_work
[`napi_define_class`]: #n_api_napi_define_class
[`napi_delete_reference`]: #n_api_napi_delete_reference
[`napi_escape_handle`]: #n_api_napi_escape_handle
[`napi_get_array_length`]: #n_api_napi_get_array_length
[`napi_get_element`]: #n_api_napi_get_element
[`napi_get_property`]: #n_api_napi_get_property
[`napi_has_property`]: #n_api_napi_has_property
[`napi_set_property`]: #n_api_napi_set_property
[`napi_get_reference_value`]: #n_api_napi_get_reference_value
[`napi_is_error`]: #n_api_napi_is_error
[`napi_is_exception_pending`]: #n_api_napi_is_exception_pending
[`napi_get_last_error_info`]: #n_api_napi_get_last_error_info
[`napi_get_and_clear_last_exception`]: #n_api_napi_get_and_clear_last_exception
[`napi_make_callback`]: #n_api_napi_make_callback
[`napi_open_escapable_handle_scope`]: #n_api_napi_open_escapable_handle_scope
[`napi_open_handle_scope`]: #n_api_napi_open_handle_scope
[`napi_property_descriptor`]: #n_api_napi_property_descriptor
[`napi_queue_async_work`]: #n_api_napi_queue_async_work
[`napi_reference_ref`]: #n_api_napi_reference_ref
[`napi_reference_unref`]: #n_api_napi_reference_unref
[`napi_throw_error`]: #n_api_napi_throw_error
[`napi_throw_range_error`]: #n_api_napi_throw_range_error
[`napi_throw_type_error`]: #n_api_napi_throw_type_error
[`napi_unwrap`]: #n_api_napi_unwrap
[`napi_wrap`]: #n_api_napi_wrap
|