path: root/src/slic3r/GUI/GLModel.cpp

#include "libslic3r/libslic3r.h"
#include "GLModel.hpp"

#include "3DScene.hpp"
#include "GUI_App.hpp"
#include "GLShader.hpp"

#include "libslic3r/TriangleMesh.hpp"
#include "libslic3r/Model.hpp"
#include "libslic3r/Polygon.hpp"

#include <boost/filesystem/operations.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/predicate.hpp>

#include <GL/glew.h>

namespace Slic3r {
namespace GUI {

size_t GLModel::InitializationData::vertices_count() const
{
    size_t ret = 0;
    for (const Entity& entity : entities) {
        ret += entity.positions.size();
    }
    return ret;
}

size_t GLModel::InitializationData::indices_count() const
{
    size_t ret = 0;
    for (const Entity& entity : entities) {
        ret += entity.indices.size();
    }
    return ret;
}

void GLModel::init_from(const InitializationData& data)
{
    if (!m_render_data.empty()) // call reset() if you want to reuse this model
        return;

    for (const InitializationData::Entity& entity : data.entities) {
        if (entity.positions.empty() || entity.indices.empty())
            continue;

        assert(entity.normals.empty() || entity.normals.size() == entity.positions.size());

        RenderData rdata;
        rdata.type = entity.type;
        rdata.color = entity.color;

        // vertices/normals data
        std::vector<float> vertices(6 * entity.positions.size());
        for (size_t i = 0; i < entity.positions.size(); ++i) {
            const size_t offset = i * 6;
            ::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(&vertices[offset]), static_cast<const void*>(entity.positions[i].data()), 3 * sizeof(float));
            if (!entity.normals.empty())
                ::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(&vertices[3 + offset]), static_cast<const void*>(entity.normals[i].data()), 3 * sizeof(float));
        }

        // indices data
        std::vector<unsigned int> indices = entity.indices;

        rdata.indices_count = static_cast<unsigned int>(indices.size());

        // update bounding box
        for (size_t i = 0; i < entity.positions.size(); ++i) {
            m_bounding_box.merge(entity.positions[i].cast<double>());
        }

        send_to_gpu(rdata, vertices, indices);
        m_render_data.emplace_back(rdata);
    }
}

void GLModel::init_from(const indexed_triangle_set& its, const BoundingBoxf3 &bbox)
{
    if (!m_render_data.empty()) // call reset() if you want to reuse this model
        return;

    RenderData data;
    data.type = PrimitiveType::Triangles;

    std::vector<float> vertices = std::vector<float>(18 * its.indices.size());
    std::vector<unsigned int> indices = std::vector<unsigned int>(3 * its.indices.size());

    unsigned int vertices_count = 0;
    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < its.indices.size(); ++i) {
        stl_triangle_vertex_indices face      = its.indices[i];
        stl_vertex                  vertex[3] = { its.vertices[face[0]], its.vertices[face[1]], its.vertices[face[2]] };
        stl_vertex                  n         = face_normal_normalized(vertex);
        for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; ++ j) {
            size_t offset = i * 18 + j * 6;
            ::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(&vertices[offset]), static_cast<const void*>(vertex[j].data()), 3 * sizeof(float));
            ::memcpy(static_cast<void*>(&vertices[3 + offset]), static_cast<const void*>(n.data()), 3 * sizeof(float));
        }
        for (size_t j = 0; j < 3; ++j)
            indices[i * 3 + j] = vertices_count + j;
        vertices_count += 3;
    }

    data.indices_count = static_cast<unsigned int>(indices.size());
    m_bounding_box = bbox;

    send_to_gpu(data, vertices, indices);
    m_render_data.emplace_back(data);
}

void GLModel::init_from(const indexed_triangle_set& its)
{
    this->init_from(its, bounding_box(its));
}

void GLModel::init_from(const Polygons& polygons, float z)
{
    auto append_polygon = [](const Polygon& polygon, float z, GUI::GLModel::InitializationData& data) {
        if (!polygon.empty()) {
            GUI::GLModel::InitializationData::Entity entity;
            entity.type = GUI::GLModel::PrimitiveType::LineLoop;
            // contour
            entity.positions.reserve(polygon.size() + 1);
            entity.indices.reserve(polygon.size() + 1);
            unsigned int id = 0;
            for (const Point& p : polygon) {
                Vec3f position = unscale(p.x(), p.y(), 0.0).cast<float>();
                position.z() = z;
                entity.positions.emplace_back(position);
                entity.indices.emplace_back(id++);
            }
            data.entities.emplace_back(entity);
        }
    };

    InitializationData init_data;
    for (const Polygon& polygon : polygons) {
        append_polygon(polygon, z, init_data);
    }
    init_from(init_data);
}

bool GLModel::init_from_file(const std::string& filename)
{
    if (!boost::filesystem::exists(filename))
        return false;

    if (!boost::algorithm::iends_with(filename, ".stl"))
        return false;

    Model model;
    try
    {
        model = Model::read_from_file(filename);
    }
    catch (std::exception&)
    {
        return false;
    }

    TriangleMesh mesh = model.mesh();
    init_from(mesh.its, mesh.bounding_box());

    m_filename = filename;

    return true;
}

void GLModel::set_color(int entity_id, const std::array<float, 4>& color)
{
    for (size_t i = 0; i < m_render_data.size(); ++i) {
        if (entity_id == -1 || static_cast<int>(i) == entity_id)
            m_render_data[i].color = color;
    }
}

void GLModel::reset()
{
    for (RenderData& data : m_render_data) {
        // release gpu memory
        if (data.ibo_id > 0)
            glsafe(::glDeleteBuffers(1, &data.ibo_id));
        if (data.vbo_id > 0)
            glsafe(::glDeleteBuffers(1, &data.vbo_id));
    }

    m_render_data.clear();
    m_bounding_box = BoundingBoxf3();
    m_filename = std::string();
}

void GLModel::render() const
{
    GLShaderProgram* shader = wxGetApp().get_current_shader();

    for (const RenderData& data : m_render_data) {
        if (data.vbo_id == 0 || data.ibo_id == 0)
            continue;

        GLenum mode;
        switch (data.type)
        {
        default:
        case PrimitiveType::Triangles: { mode = GL_TRIANGLES; break; }
        case PrimitiveType::Lines:     { mode = GL_LINES; break; }
        case PrimitiveType::LineStrip: { mode = GL_LINE_STRIP; break; }
        case PrimitiveType::LineLoop:  { mode = GL_LINE_LOOP; break; }
        }

        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.vbo_id));
        glsafe(::glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 6 * sizeof(float), (const void*)0));
        glsafe(::glNormalPointer(GL_FLOAT, 6 * sizeof(float), (const void*)(3 * sizeof(float))));

        glsafe(::glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY));
        glsafe(::glEnableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY));

        if (shader != nullptr)
            shader->set_uniform("uniform_color", data.color);
        else
            glsafe(::glColor4fv(data.color.data()));

        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.ibo_id));
        glsafe(::glDrawElements(mode, static_cast<GLsizei>(data.indices_count), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (const void*)0));
        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));

        glsafe(::glDisableClientState(GL_NORMAL_ARRAY));
        glsafe(::glDisableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY));

        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));
    }
}

void GLModel::render_instanced(unsigned int instances_vbo, unsigned int instances_count) const
{
    if (instances_vbo == 0)
        return;

    GLShaderProgram* shader = wxGetApp().get_current_shader();
    assert(shader == nullptr || boost::algorithm::iends_with(shader->get_name(), "_instanced"));

    // vertex attributes
    GLint position_id = (shader != nullptr) ? shader->get_attrib_location("v_position") : -1;
    GLint normal_id = (shader != nullptr) ? shader->get_attrib_location("v_normal") : -1;
    assert(position_id != -1 && normal_id != -1);

    // instance attributes
    GLint offset_id = (shader != nullptr) ? shader->get_attrib_location("i_offset") : -1;
    GLint scales_id = (shader != nullptr) ? shader->get_attrib_location("i_scales") : -1;
    assert(offset_id != -1 && scales_id != -1);

    glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, instances_vbo));
    if (offset_id != -1) {
        glsafe(::glVertexAttribPointer(offset_id, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (GLvoid*)0));
        glsafe(::glEnableVertexAttribArray(offset_id));
        glsafe(::glVertexAttribDivisor(offset_id, 1));
    }
    if (scales_id != -1) {
        glsafe(::glVertexAttribPointer(scales_id, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 5 * sizeof(float), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(float))));
        glsafe(::glEnableVertexAttribArray(scales_id));
        glsafe(::glVertexAttribDivisor(scales_id, 1));
    }

    for (const RenderData& data : m_render_data) {
        if (data.vbo_id == 0 || data.ibo_id == 0)
            continue;

        GLenum mode;
        switch (data.type)
        {
        default:
        case PrimitiveType::Triangles: { mode = GL_TRIANGLES; break; }
        case PrimitiveType::Lines:     { mode = GL_LINES; break; }
        case PrimitiveType::LineStrip: { mode = GL_LINE_STRIP; break; }
        case PrimitiveType::LineLoop:  { mode = GL_LINE_LOOP; break; }
        }

        if (shader != nullptr)
            shader->set_uniform("uniform_color", data.color);
        else
            glsafe(::glColor4fv(data.color.data()));

        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.vbo_id));
        if (position_id != -1) {
            glsafe(::glVertexAttribPointer(position_id, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (GLvoid*)0));
            glsafe(::glEnableVertexAttribArray(position_id));
        }
        if (normal_id != -1) {
            glsafe(::glVertexAttribPointer(normal_id, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 6 * sizeof(float), (GLvoid*)(3 * sizeof(float))));
            glsafe(::glEnableVertexAttribArray(normal_id));
        }

        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.ibo_id));
        glsafe(::glDrawElementsInstanced(mode, static_cast<GLsizei>(data.indices_count), GL_UNSIGNED_INT, (const void*)0, instances_count));
        glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));

        if (normal_id != -1)
            glsafe(::glDisableVertexAttribArray(normal_id));
        if (position_id != -1)
            glsafe(::glDisableVertexAttribArray(position_id));
    }

    if (scales_id != -1)
        glsafe(::glDisableVertexAttribArray(scales_id));
    if (offset_id != -1)
        glsafe(::glDisableVertexAttribArray(offset_id));

    glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));
}

void GLModel::send_to_gpu(RenderData& data, const std::vector<float>& vertices, const std::vector<unsigned int>& indices)
{
    assert(data.vbo_id == 0);
    assert(data.ibo_id == 0);

    // vertex data -> send to gpu
    glsafe(::glGenBuffers(1, &data.vbo_id));
    glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.vbo_id));
    glsafe(::glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.size() * sizeof(float), vertices.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW));
    glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));

    // indices data -> send to gpu
    glsafe(::glGenBuffers(1, &data.ibo_id));
    glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, data.ibo_id));
    glsafe(::glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.size() * sizeof(unsigned int), indices.data(), GL_STATIC_DRAW));
    glsafe(::glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0));
}

GLModel::InitializationData stilized_arrow(int resolution, float tip_radius, float tip_height, float stem_radius, float stem_height)
{
    auto append_vertex = [](GLModel::InitializationData::Entity& entity, const Vec3f& position, const Vec3f& normal) {
        entity.positions.emplace_back(position);
        entity.normals.emplace_back(normal);
    };
    auto append_indices = [](GLModel::InitializationData::Entity& entity, unsigned int v1, unsigned int v2, unsigned int v3) {
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v1);
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v2);
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v3);
    };

    resolution = std::max(4, resolution);

    GLModel::InitializationData data;
    GLModel::InitializationData::Entity entity;
    entity.type = GLModel::PrimitiveType::Triangles;

    const float angle_step = 2.0f * M_PI / static_cast<float>(resolution);
    std::vector<float> cosines(resolution);
    std::vector<float> sines(resolution);

    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = angle_step * static_cast<float>(i);
        cosines[i] = ::cos(angle);
        sines[i] = -::sin(angle);
    }

    const float total_height = tip_height + stem_height;

    // tip vertices/normals
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, 0.0f, total_height }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_vertex(entity, { tip_radius * sines[i], tip_radius * cosines[i], stem_height }, { sines[i], cosines[i], 0.0f });
    }

    // tip triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const int v3 = (i < resolution - 1) ? i + 2 : 1;
        append_indices(entity, 0, i + 1, v3);
    }

    // tip cap outer perimeter vertices
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_vertex(entity, { tip_radius * sines[i], tip_radius * cosines[i], stem_height }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    // tip cap inner perimeter vertices
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_vertex(entity, { stem_radius * sines[i], stem_radius * cosines[i], stem_height }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    // tip cap triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const int v2 = (i < resolution - 1) ? i + resolution + 2 : resolution + 1;
        const int v3 = (i < resolution - 1) ? i + 2 * resolution + 2 : 2 * resolution + 1;
        append_indices(entity, i + resolution + 1, v3, v2);
        append_indices(entity, i + resolution + 1, i + 2 * resolution + 1, v3);
    }

    // stem bottom vertices
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_vertex(entity, { stem_radius * sines[i], stem_radius * cosines[i], stem_height }, { sines[i], cosines[i], 0.0f });
    }

    // stem top vertices
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_vertex(entity, { stem_radius * sines[i], stem_radius * cosines[i], 0.0f }, { sines[i], cosines[i], 0.0f });
    }

    // stem triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const int v2 = (i < resolution - 1) ? i + 3 * resolution + 2 : 3 * resolution + 1;
        const int v3 = (i < resolution - 1) ? i + 4 * resolution + 2 : 4 * resolution + 1;
        append_indices(entity, i + 3 * resolution + 1, v3, v2);
        append_indices(entity, i + 3 * resolution + 1, i + 4 * resolution + 1, v3);
    }

    // stem cap vertices
    append_vertex(entity, Vec3f::Zero(), -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_vertex(entity, { stem_radius * sines[i], stem_radius * cosines[i], 0.0f }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    // stem cap triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const int v3 = (i < resolution - 1) ? i + 5 * resolution + 3 : 5 * resolution + 2;
        append_indices(entity, 5 * resolution + 1, v3, i + 5 * resolution + 2);
    }

    data.entities.emplace_back(entity);
    return data;
}

GLModel::InitializationData circular_arrow(int resolution, float radius, float tip_height, float tip_width, float stem_width, float thickness)
{
    auto append_vertex = [](GLModel::InitializationData::Entity& entity, const Vec3f& position, const Vec3f& normal) {
        entity.positions.emplace_back(position);
        entity.normals.emplace_back(normal);
    };
    auto append_indices = [](GLModel::InitializationData::Entity& entity, unsigned int v1, unsigned int v2, unsigned int v3) {
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v1);
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v2);
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v3);
    };

    resolution = std::max(2, resolution);

    GLModel::InitializationData data;
    GLModel::InitializationData::Entity entity;
    entity.type = GLModel::PrimitiveType::Triangles;

    const float half_thickness = 0.5f * thickness;
    const float half_stem_width = 0.5f * stem_width;
    const float half_tip_width = 0.5f * tip_width;

    const float outer_radius = radius + half_stem_width;
    const float inner_radius = radius - half_stem_width;
    const float step_angle = 0.5f * PI / static_cast<float>(resolution);

    // tip
    // top face vertices
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, outer_radius, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius + half_tip_width, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -tip_height, radius, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius - half_tip_width, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, inner_radius, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());

    // top face triangles
    append_indices(entity, 0, 1, 2);
    append_indices(entity, 0, 2, 4);
    append_indices(entity, 4, 2, 3);

    // bottom face vertices
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, outer_radius, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius + half_tip_width, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -tip_height, radius, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius - half_tip_width, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, inner_radius, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());

    // bottom face triangles
    append_indices(entity, 5, 7, 6);
    append_indices(entity, 5, 9, 7);
    append_indices(entity, 9, 8, 7);

    // side faces vertices
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, outer_radius, -half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius + half_tip_width, -half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, outer_radius, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius + half_tip_width, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());

    Vec3f normal(-half_tip_width, tip_height, 0.0f);
    normal.normalize();
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius + half_tip_width, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { -tip_height, radius, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius + half_tip_width, half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { -tip_height, radius, half_thickness }, normal);

    normal = Vec3f(-half_tip_width, -tip_height, 0.0f);
    normal.normalize();
    append_vertex(entity, { -tip_height, radius, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius - half_tip_width, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { -tip_height, radius, half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius - half_tip_width, half_thickness }, normal);

    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius - half_tip_width, -half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, inner_radius, -half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, radius - half_tip_width, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0f, inner_radius, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());

    // side face triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
        const int ii = i * 4;
        append_indices(entity, 10 + ii, 11 + ii, 13 + ii);
        append_indices(entity, 10 + ii, 13 + ii, 12 + ii);
    }

    // stem
    // top face vertices
    for (int i = 0; i <= resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        append_vertex(entity, { inner_radius * ::sin(angle), inner_radius * ::cos(angle), half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        append_vertex(entity, { outer_radius * ::sin(angle), outer_radius * ::cos(angle), half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    // top face triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_indices(entity, 26 + i, 27 + i, 27 + resolution + i);
        append_indices(entity, 27 + i, 28 + resolution + i, 27 + resolution + i);
    }

    // bottom face vertices
    for (int i = 0; i <= resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        append_vertex(entity, { inner_radius * ::sin(angle), inner_radius * ::cos(angle), -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        append_vertex(entity, { outer_radius * ::sin(angle), outer_radius * ::cos(angle), -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    }

    // bottom face triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        append_indices(entity, 28 + 2 * resolution + i, 29 + 3 * resolution + i, 29 + 2 * resolution + i);
        append_indices(entity, 29 + 2 * resolution + i, 29 + 3 * resolution + i, 30 + 3 * resolution + i);
    }

    // side faces vertices and triangles
    for (int i = 0; i <= resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        const float c = ::cos(angle);
        const float s = ::sin(angle);
        append_vertex(entity, { inner_radius * s, inner_radius * c, -half_thickness }, { -s, -c, 0.0f });
    }

    for (int i = 0; i <= resolution; ++i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        const float c = ::cos(angle);
        const float s = ::sin(angle);
        append_vertex(entity, { inner_radius * s, inner_radius * c, half_thickness }, { -s, -c, 0.0f });
    }

    int first_id = 26 + 4 * (resolution + 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const int ii = first_id + i;
        append_indices(entity, ii, ii + 1, ii + resolution + 2);
        append_indices(entity, ii, ii + resolution + 2, ii + resolution + 1);
    }

    append_vertex(entity, { inner_radius, 0.0f, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { outer_radius, 0.0f, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { inner_radius, 0.0f, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { outer_radius, 0.0f, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());

    first_id = 26 + 6 * (resolution + 1);
    append_indices(entity, first_id, first_id + 1, first_id + 3);
    append_indices(entity, first_id, first_id + 3, first_id + 2);

    for (int i = resolution; i >= 0; --i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        const float c = ::cos(angle);
        const float s = ::sin(angle);
        append_vertex(entity, { outer_radius * s, outer_radius * c, -half_thickness }, { s, c, 0.0f });
    }

    for (int i = resolution; i >= 0; --i) {
        const float angle = static_cast<float>(i) * step_angle;
        const float c = ::cos(angle);
        const float s = ::sin(angle);
        append_vertex(entity, { outer_radius * s, outer_radius * c, +half_thickness }, { s, c, 0.0f });
    }

    first_id = 30 + 6 * (resolution + 1);
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        const int ii = first_id + i;
        append_indices(entity, ii, ii + 1, ii + resolution + 2);
        append_indices(entity, ii, ii + resolution + 2, ii + resolution + 1);
    }

    data.entities.emplace_back(entity);
    return data;
}

GLModel::InitializationData straight_arrow(float tip_width, float tip_height, float stem_width, float stem_height, float thickness)
{
    auto append_vertex = [](GLModel::InitializationData::Entity& entity, const Vec3f& position, const Vec3f& normal) {
        entity.positions.emplace_back(position);
        entity.normals.emplace_back(normal);
    };
    auto append_indices = [](GLModel::InitializationData::Entity& entity, unsigned int v1, unsigned int v2, unsigned int v3) {
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v1);
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v2);
        entity.indices.emplace_back(v3);
    };

    GLModel::InitializationData data;
    GLModel::InitializationData::Entity entity;
    entity.type = GLModel::PrimitiveType::Triangles;

    const float half_thickness = 0.5f * thickness;
    const float half_stem_width = 0.5f * stem_width;
    const float half_tip_width = 0.5f * tip_width;
    const float total_height = tip_height + stem_height;

    // top face vertices
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, 0.0, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_tip_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0, total_height, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_tip_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, 0.0, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitZ());

    // top face triangles
    append_indices(entity, 0, 1, 6);
    append_indices(entity, 6, 1, 5);
    append_indices(entity, 4, 5, 3);
    append_indices(entity, 5, 1, 3);
    append_indices(entity, 1, 2, 3);

    // bottom face vertices
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, 0.0, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_tip_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0, total_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_tip_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, 0.0, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitZ());

    // bottom face triangles
    append_indices(entity, 7, 13, 8);
    append_indices(entity, 13, 12, 8);
    append_indices(entity, 12, 11, 10);
    append_indices(entity, 8, 12, 10);
    append_indices(entity, 9, 8, 10);

    // side faces vertices
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, 0.0, -half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, 0.0, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, Vec3f::UnitX());

    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_tip_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_tip_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());

    Vec3f normal(tip_height, half_tip_width, 0.0f);
    normal.normalize();
    append_vertex(entity, { half_tip_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0, total_height, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { half_tip_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0, total_height, half_thickness }, normal);

    normal = Vec3f(-tip_height, half_tip_width, 0.0f);
    normal.normalize();
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0, total_height, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_tip_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { 0.0, total_height, half_thickness }, normal);
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_tip_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, normal);

    append_vertex(entity, { -half_tip_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_tip_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());

    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, stem_height, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, 0.0, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, stem_height, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitX());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, 0.0, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitX());

    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, 0.0, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, 0.0, -half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { -half_stem_width, 0.0, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());
    append_vertex(entity, { half_stem_width, 0.0, half_thickness }, -Vec3f::UnitY());

    // side face triangles
    for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i) {
        const int ii = i * 4;
        append_indices(entity, 14 + ii, 15 + ii, 17 + ii);
        append_indices(entity, 14 + ii, 17 + ii, 16 + ii);
    }

    data.entities.emplace_back(entity);
    return data;
}

GLModel::InitializationData diamond(int resolution)
{
    resolution = std::max(4, resolution);

    GLModel::InitializationData data;
    GLModel::InitializationData::Entity entity;
    entity.type = GLModel::PrimitiveType::Triangles;

    const float step = 2.0f * float(PI) / float(resolution);

    // positions
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        float ii = float(i) * step;
        entity.positions.emplace_back(0.5f * ::cos(ii), 0.5f * ::sin(ii), 0.0f);
    }
    entity.positions.emplace_back(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f);
    entity.positions.emplace_back(0.0f, 0.0f, -0.5f);

    // normals
    for (const Vec3f& v : entity.positions) {
        entity.normals.emplace_back(v.normalized());
    }

    // triangles
    // top
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        entity.indices.push_back(i + 0);
        entity.indices.push_back(i + 1);
        entity.indices.push_back(resolution);
    }
    entity.indices.push_back(resolution - 1);
    entity.indices.push_back(0);
    entity.indices.push_back(resolution);

    // bottom
    for (int i = 0; i < resolution; ++i) {
        entity.indices.push_back(i + 0);
        entity.indices.push_back(resolution + 1);
        entity.indices.push_back(i + 1);
    }
    entity.indices.push_back(resolution - 1);
    entity.indices.push_back(resolution + 1);
    entity.indices.push_back(0);

    data.entities.emplace_back(entity);
    return data;
}

} // namespace GUI
} // namespace Slic3r