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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/getting-started/introduction/">
Getting started
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Grid
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Utilities for layout
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Content
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Typography
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Code
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Tables
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Alerts
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/button-group/">
Button group
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Card
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Carousel
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Collapse
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/dropdowns/">
Dropdowns
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/forms/">
Forms
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/input-group/">
Input group
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/jumbotron/">
Jumbotron
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/list-group/">
List group
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/modal/">
Modal
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/navs/">
Navs
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/navbar/">
Navbar
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<a href="/docs/4.1/components/pagination/">
Pagination
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Popovers
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Progress
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Scrollspy
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Tooltips
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/utilities/borders/">
Utilities
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/borders/">
Borders
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Clearfix
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Close icon
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/colors/">
Colors
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/display/">
Display
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/embed/">
Embed
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/flex/">
Flex
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/float/">
Float
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/image-replacement/">
Image replacement
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<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/position/">
Position
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/screenreaders/">
Screenreaders
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/shadows/">
Shadows
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/sizing/">
Sizing
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/spacing/">
Spacing
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/text/">
Text
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/vertical-align/">
Vertical align
</a></li><li>
<a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/visibility/">
Visibility
</a></li></ul>
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/extend/approach/">
Extend
</a>
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<a href="/docs/4.1/extend/approach/">
Approach
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<a href="/docs/4.1/extend/icons/">
Icons
</a></li></ul>
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<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/migration/">
Migration
</a>
<ul class="nav bd-sidenav"></ul>
</div><div class="bd-toc-item">
<a class="bd-toc-link" href="/docs/4.1/about/overview/">
About
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<a href="/docs/4.1/about/overview/">
Overview
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<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#changing-display">Changing display</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#flexbox-options">Flexbox options</a></li>
<li class="toc-entry toc-h2"><a href="#margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</a></li>
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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Utilities for layout</h1>
<p class="bd-lead">For faster mobile-friendly and responsive development, Bootstrap includes dozens of utility classes for showing, hiding, aligning, and spacing content.</p>
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<h2 id="changing-display">Changing <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code></h2>
<p>Use our <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/display/">display utilities</a> for responsively toggling common values of the <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> property. Mix it with our grid system, content, or components to show or hide them across specific viewports.</p>
<h2 id="flexbox-options">Flexbox options</h2>
<p>Bootstrap 4 is built with flexbox, but not every element’s <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> has been changed to <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> as this would add many unnecessary overrides and unexpectedly change key browser behaviors. Most of <a href="/docs/4.1/components/alerts/">our components</a> are built with flexbox enabled.</p>
<p>Should you need to add <code class="highlighter-rouge">display: flex</code> to an element, do so with <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-flex</code> or one of the responsive variants (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.d-sm-flex</code>). You’ll need this class or <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> value to allow the use of our extra <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/flex/">flexbox utilities</a> for sizing, alignment, spacing, and more.</p>
<h2 id="margin-and-padding">Margin and padding</h2>
<p>Use the <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin</code> and <code class="highlighter-rouge">padding</code> <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/spacing/">spacing utilities</a> to control how elements and components are spaced and sized. Bootstrap 4 includes a five-level scale for spacing utilities, based on a <code class="highlighter-rouge">1rem</code> value default <code class="highlighter-rouge">$spacer</code> variable. Choose values for all viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code>), or pick responsive variants to target specific viewports (e.g., <code class="highlighter-rouge">.mr-md-3</code> for <code class="highlighter-rouge">margin-right: 1rem</code> starting at the <code class="highlighter-rouge">md</code> breakpoint).</p>
<h2 id="toggle-visibility">Toggle <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code></h2>
<p>When toggling <code class="highlighter-rouge">display</code> isn’t needed, you can toggle the <code class="highlighter-rouge">visibility</code> of an element with our <a href="/docs/4.1/utilities/visibility/">visibility utilities</a>. Invisible elements will still affect the layout of the page, but are visually hidden from visitors.</p>
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