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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Reboot</h1>
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<p class="bd-lead">Reboot, a collection of element-specific CSS changes in a single file, kickstart Bootstrap to provide an elegant, consistent, and simple baseline to build upon.</p>
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<h2 id="approach">Approach</h2>
<p>Reboot builds upon Normalize, providing many HTML elements with somewhat opinionated styles using only element selectors. Additional styling is done only with classes. For example, we reboot some <code><table></code> styles for a simpler baseline and later provide <code>.table</code>, <code>.table-bordered</code>, and more.</p>
<p>Here are our guidelines and reasons for choosing what to override in Reboot:</p>
<ul>
<li>Update some browser default values to use <code>rem</code>s instead of <code>em</code>s for scalable component spacing.</li>
<li>Avoid <code>margin-top</code>. Vertical margins can collapse, yielding unexpected results. More importantly though, a single direction of <code>margin</code> is a simpler mental model.</li>
<li>For easier scaling across device sizes, block elements should use <code>rem</code>s for <code>margin</code>s.</li>
<li>Keep declarations of <code>font</code>-related properties to a minimum, using <code>inherit</code> whenever possible.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="page-defaults">Page defaults</h2>
<p>The <code><html></code> and <code><body></code> elements are updated to provide better page-wide defaults. More specifically:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code>box-sizing</code> is globally set on every element—including <code>*::before</code> and <code>*::after</code>, to <code>border-box</code>. This ensures that the declared width of element is never exceeded due to padding or border.</li>
<li>No base <code>font-size</code> is declared on the <code><html></code>, but <code>16px</code> is assumed (the browser default). <code>font-size: 1rem</code> is applied on the <code><body></code> for easy responsive type-scaling via media queries while respecting user preferences and ensuring a more accessible approach.</li>
<li>The <code><body></code> also sets a global <code>font-family</code>, <code>line-height</code>, and <code>text-align</code>. This is inherited later by some form elements to prevent font inconsistencies.</li>
<li>For safety, the <code><body></code> has a declared <code>background-color</code>, defaulting to <code>#fff</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="native-font-stack">Native font stack</h2>
<p>The default web fonts (Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, and Arial) have been dropped in Bootstrap 4 and replaced with a “native font stack” for optimum text rendering on every device and OS. Read more about <a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/using-system-ui-fonts-practical-guide/">native font stacks in this <em>Smashing Magazine</em> article</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$font-family-sans-serif</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)</span>
<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">apple-system</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Chrome < 56 for macOS (San Francisco)</span>
<span class="n">BlinkMacSystemFont</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Windows</span>
<span class="s2">"Segoe UI"</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Android</span>
<span class="n">Roboto</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Basic web fallback</span>
<span class="s2">"Helvetica Neue"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Arial</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Linux</span>
<span class="s2">"Noto Sans"</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="s2">"Liberation Sans"</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Sans serif fallback</span>
<span class="ni">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Emoji fonts</span>
<span class="s2">"Apple Color Emoji"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">"Segoe UI Emoji"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">"Segoe UI Symbol"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">"Noto Color Emoji"</span> <span class="k">!default</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Note that because the font stack includes emoji fonts, many common symbol/dingbat unicode characters will be rendered as multi-colored pictographs. Their appearance will vary, depending on the style used in the browser/platform’s native emoji font, and they won’t be affected by any CSS <code>color</code> styles.</p>
<p>This <code>font-family</code> is applied to the <code><body></code> and automatically inherited globally throughout Bootstrap. To switch the global <code>font-family</code>, update <code>$font-family-base</code> and recompile Bootstrap.</p>
<h2 id="headings-and-paragraphs">Headings and paragraphs</h2>
<p>All heading elements—e.g., <code><h1></code>—and <code><p></code> are reset to have their <code>margin-top</code> removed. Headings have <code>margin-bottom: .5rem</code> added and paragraphs <code>margin-bottom: 1rem</code> for easy spacing.</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Heading</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h1></h1></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h1">h1. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h2></h2></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h2">h2. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h3></h3></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h3">h3. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h4></h4></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h4">h4. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h5></h5></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h5">h5. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h6></h6></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h6">h6. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="lists">Lists</h2>
<p>All lists—<code><ul></code>, <code><ol></code>, and <code><dl></code>—have their <code>margin-top</code> removed and a <code>margin-bottom: 1rem</code>. Nested lists have no <code>margin-bottom</code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<ul>
<li>All lists have their top margin removed</li>
<li>And their bottom margin normalized</li>
<li>Nested lists have no bottom margin
<ul>
<li>This way they have a more even appearance</li>
<li>Particularly when followed by more list items</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The left padding has also been reset</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>Here’s an ordered list</li>
<li>With a few list items</li>
<li>It has the same overall look</li>
<li>As the previous unordered list</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>For simpler styling, clear hierarchy, and better spacing, description lists have updated <code>margin</code>s. <code><dd></code>s reset <code>margin-left</code> to <code>0</code> and add <code>margin-bottom: .5rem</code>. <code><dt></code>s are <strong>bolded</strong>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<dl>
<dt>Description lists</dt>
<dd>A description list is perfect for defining terms.</dd>
<dt>Term</dt>
<dd>Definition for the term.</dd>
<dd>A second definition for the same term.</dd>
<dt>Another term</dt>
<dd>Definition for this other term.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h2 id="preformatted-text">Preformatted text</h2>
<p>The <code><pre></code> element is reset to remove its <code>margin-top</code> and use <code>rem</code> units for its <code>margin-bottom</code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<pre>
.example-element {
margin-bottom: 1rem;
}
</pre>
</div>
<h2 id="tables">Tables</h2>
<p>Tables are slightly adjusted to style <code><caption></code>s, collapse borders, and ensure consistent <code>text-align</code> throughout. Additional changes for borders, padding, and more come with <a href="/docs/4.6/content/tables/">the <code>.table</code> class</a>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<table>
<caption>
This is an example table, and this is its caption to describe the contents.
</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Table heading</th>
<th>Table heading</th>
<th>Table heading</th>
<th>Table heading</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h2 id="forms">Forms</h2>
<p>Various form elements have been rebooted for simpler base styles. Here are some of the most notable changes:</p>
<ul>
<li><code><fieldset></code>s have no borders, padding, or margin so they can be easily used as wrappers for individual inputs or groups of inputs.</li>
<li><code><legend></code>s, like fieldsets, have also been restyled to be displayed as a heading of sorts.</li>
<li><code><label></code>s are set to <code>display: inline-block</code> to allow <code>margin</code> to be applied.</li>
<li><code><input></code>s, <code><select></code>s, <code><textarea></code>s, and <code><button></code>s are mostly addressed by Normalize, but Reboot removes their <code>margin</code> and sets <code>line-height: inherit</code>, too.</li>
<li><code><textarea></code>s are modified to only be resizable vertically as horizontal resizing often “breaks” page layout.</li>
<li><code><button></code>s and <code><input></code> button elements have <code>cursor: pointer</code> when <code>:not(:disabled)</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>These changes, and more, are demonstrated below.</p>
<form class="bd-example">
<fieldset>
<legend>Example legend</legend>
<p>
<label for="input">Example input</label>
<input type="text" id="input" placeholder="Example input">
</p>
<p>
<label for="select">Example select</label>
<select id="select">
<option value="">Choose...</option>
<optgroup label="Option group 1">
<option value="">Option 1</option>
<option value="">Option 2</option>
<option value="">Option 3</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Option group 2">
<option value="">Option 4</option>
<option value="">Option 5</option>
<option value="">Option 6</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
</p>
<p>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="">
Check this checkbox
</label>
</p>
<p>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
Option one is this and that
</label>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
Option two is something else that's also super long to demonstrate the wrapping of these fancy form controls.
</label>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
Option three is disabled
</label>
</p>
<p>
<label for="textarea">Example textarea</label>
<textarea id="textarea" rows="3"></textarea>
</p>
<p>
<label for="date">Example date</label>
<input type="date" id="date">
</p>
<p>
<label for="time">Example time</label>
<input type="time" id="time">
</p>
<p>
<label for="output">Example output</label>
<output name="result" id="output">100</output>
</p>
<p>
<button type="submit">Button submit</button>
<input type="submit" value="Input submit button">
<input type="reset" value="Input reset button">
<input type="button" value="Input button">
</p>
<p>
<button type="submit" disabled>Button submit</button>
<input type="submit" value="Input submit button" disabled>
<input type="reset" value="Input reset button" disabled>
<input type="button" value="Input button" disabled>
</p>
</fieldset>
</form>
<h3 id="pointers-on-buttons">Pointers on buttons</h3>
<p>Reboot includes an enhancement for <code>role="button"</code> to change the default cursor to <code>pointer</code>. Add this attribute to elements to help indicate elements are interactive. This role isn’t necessary for <code><button></code> elements, which get their own <code>cursor</code> change.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<span role="button" tabindex="0">Non-button element button</span>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">span</span> <span class="na">role</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"button"</span> <span class="na">tabindex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"0"</span><span class="p">></span>Non-button element button<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="misc-elements">Misc elements</h2>
<h3 id="address">Address</h3>
<p>The <code><address></code> element is updated to reset the browser default <code>font-style</code> from <code>italic</code> to <code>normal</code>. <code>line-height</code> is also now inherited, and <code>margin-bottom: 1rem</code> has been added. <code><address></code>s are for presenting contact information for the nearest ancestor (or an entire body of work). Preserve formatting by ending lines with <code><br></code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
1355 Market St, Suite 900<br>
San Francisco, CA 94103<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:first.last@example.com">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>
</div>
<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquote</h3>
<p>The default <code>margin</code> on blockquotes is <code>1em 40px</code>, so we reset that to <code>0 0 1rem</code> for something more consistent with other elements.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>A well-known quote, contained in a blockquote element.</p>
<footer>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></footer>
</blockquote>
</div>
<h3 id="inline-elements">Inline elements</h3>
<p>The <code><abbr></code> element receives basic styling to make it stand out amongst paragraph text.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
Nulla <abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr> vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.
</div>
<h3 id="summary">Summary</h3>
<p>The default <code>cursor</code> on summary is <code>text</code>, so we reset that to <code>pointer</code> to convey that the element can be interacted with by clicking on it.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<details>
<summary>Some details</summary>
<p>More info about the details.</p>
</details>
<details open>
<summary>Even more details</summary>
<p>Here are even more details about the details.</p>
</details>
</div>
<h2 id="html5-hidden-attribute">HTML5 <code>[hidden]</code> attribute</h2>
<p>HTML5 adds <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/hidden">a new global attribute named <code>[hidden]</code></a>, which is styled as <code>display: none</code> by default. Borrowing an idea from <a href="https://purecss.io/">PureCSS</a>, we improve upon this default by making <code>[hidden] { display: none !important; }</code> to help prevent its <code>display</code> from getting accidentally overridden. While <code>[hidden]</code> isn’t natively supported by IE10, the explicit declaration in our CSS gets around that problem.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">hidden</span><span class="p">></span>
</code></pre></div><div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="jquery-incompatibility">jQuery incompatibility</h5>
<p><code>[hidden]</code> is not compatible with jQuery’s <code>$(...).hide()</code> and <code>$(...).show()</code> methods. Therefore, we don’t currently especially endorse <code>[hidden]</code> over other techniques for managing the <code>display</code> of elements.
</div>
<p>To merely toggle the visibility of an element, meaning its <code>display</code> is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document, use <a href="/docs/4.6/utilities/visibility/">the <code>.invisible</code> class</a> instead.</p>
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