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<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Spacing</h1>
</div>
<p class="bd-lead">Bootstrap includes a wide range of shorthand responsive margin and padding utility classes to modify an element’s appearance.</p>
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<h2 id="how-it-works">How it works</h2>
<p>Assign responsive-friendly <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> values to an element or a subset of its sides with shorthand classes. Includes support for individual properties, all properties, and vertical and horizontal properties. Classes are built from a default Sass map ranging from <code>.25rem</code> to <code>3rem</code>.</p>
<h2 id="notation">Notation</h2>
<p>Spacing utilities that apply to all breakpoints, from <code>xs</code> to <code>xl</code>, have no breakpoint abbreviation in them. This is because those classes are applied from <code>min-width: 0</code> and up, and thus are not bound by a media query. The remaining breakpoints, however, do include a breakpoint abbreviation.</p>
<p>The classes are named using the format <code>{property}{sides}-{size}</code> for <code>xs</code> and <code>{property}{sides}-{breakpoint}-{size}</code> for <code>sm</code>, <code>md</code>, <code>lg</code>, and <code>xl</code>.</p>
<p>Where <em>property</em> is one of:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>m</code> - for classes that set <code>margin</code></li>
<li><code>p</code> - for classes that set <code>padding</code></li>
</ul>
<p>Where <em>sides</em> is one of:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>t</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-top</code> or <code>padding-top</code></li>
<li><code>b</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-bottom</code> or <code>padding-bottom</code></li>
<li><code>l</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-left</code> or <code>padding-left</code></li>
<li><code>r</code> - for classes that set <code>margin-right</code> or <code>padding-right</code></li>
<li><code>x</code> - for classes that set both <code>*-left</code> and <code>*-right</code></li>
<li><code>y</code> - for classes that set both <code>*-top</code> and <code>*-bottom</code></li>
<li>blank - for classes that set a <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> on all 4 sides of the element</li>
</ul>
<p>Where <em>size</em> is one of:</p>
<ul>
<li><code>0</code> - for classes that eliminate the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> by setting it to <code>0</code></li>
<li><code>1</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * .25</code></li>
<li><code>2</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * .5</code></li>
<li><code>3</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer</code></li>
<li><code>4</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * 1.5</code></li>
<li><code>5</code> - (by default) for classes that set the <code>margin</code> or <code>padding</code> to <code>$spacer * 3</code></li>
<li><code>auto</code> - for classes that set the <code>margin</code> to auto</li>
</ul>
<p>(You can add more sizes by adding entries to the <code>$spacers</code> Sass map variable.)</p>
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<p>Here are some representative examples of these classes:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nc">.mt-0</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="na">margin-top</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="k">!important</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nc">.ml-1</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="na">margin-left</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$spacer</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">.25</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">!important</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nc">.px-2</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="na">padding-left</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$spacer</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">!important</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="na">padding-right</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="nv">$spacer</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="mf">.5</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">!important</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nc">.p-3</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="na">padding</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="nv">$spacer</span> <span class="k">!important</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="horizontal-centering">Horizontal centering</h3>
<p>Additionally, Bootstrap also includes an <code>.mx-auto</code> class for horizontally centering fixed-width block level content—that is, content that has <code>display: block</code> and a <code>width</code> set—by setting the horizontal margins to <code>auto</code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="mx-auto" style="width: 200px; background-color: rgba(86,61,124,.15);">
Centered element
</div>
</div>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"mx-auto"</span> <span class="na">style</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"width: 200px;"</span><span class="p">></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> Centered element
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h3 id="negative-margin">Negative margin</h3>
<p>In CSS, <code>margin</code> properties can utilize negative values (<code>padding</code> cannot). As of 4.2, we’ve added negative margin utilities for every non-zero integer size listed above (e.g., <code>1</code>, <code>2</code>, <code>3</code>, <code>4</code>, <code>5</code>). These utilities are ideal for customizing grid column gutters across breakpoints.</p>
<p>The syntax is nearly the same as the default, positive margin utilities, but with the addition of <code>n</code> before the requested size. Here’s an example class that’s the opposite of <code>.mt-1</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nc">.mt-n1</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="na">margin-top</span><span class="o">:</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="mf">.25</span><span class="kt">rem</span> <span class="k">!important</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>Here’s an example of customizing the Bootstrap grid at the medium (<code>md</code>) breakpoint and above. We’ve increased the <code>.col</code> padding with <code>.px-md-5</code> and then counteracted that with <code>.mx-md-n5</code> on the parent <code>.row</code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<div class="row mx-md-n5">
<div class="col px-md-5"><div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div></div>
<div class="col px-md-5"><div class="p-3 border bg-light">Custom column padding</div></div>
</div>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"row mx-md-n5"</span><span class="p">></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"col px-md-5"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"p-3 border bg-light"</span><span class="p">></span>Custom column padding<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"col px-md-5"</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">div</span> <span class="na">class</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"p-3 border bg-light"</span><span class="p">></span>Custom column padding<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">div</span><span class="p">></span></span></span></code></pre></div>
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