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<a class="btn btn-sm btn-bd-light mb-2 mb-md-0" href="https://github.com/twbs/bootstrap/blob/main/site/content/docs/5.0/content/reboot.md" title="View and edit this file on GitHub" target="_blank" rel="noopener">View on GitHub</a>
<h1 class="bd-title" id="content">Reboot</h1>
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<p class="bd-lead">Reboot, a collection of element-specific CSS changes in a single file, kickstart Bootstrap to provide an elegant, consistent, and simple baseline to build upon.</p>
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<ul>
<li><a href="#approach">Approach</a></li>
<li><a href="#page-defaults">Page defaults</a></li>
<li><a href="#native-font-stack">Native font stack</a></li>
<li><a href="#headings-and-paragraphs">Headings and paragraphs</a></li>
<li><a href="#lists">Lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#inline-code">Inline code</a></li>
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<li><a href="#tables">Tables</a></li>
<li><a href="#forms">Forms</a>
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<li><a href="#pointers-on-buttons">Pointers on buttons</a></li>
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<li><a href="#address">Address</a></li>
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<h2 id="approach">Approach</h2>
<p>Reboot builds upon Normalize, providing many HTML elements with somewhat opinionated styles using only element selectors. Additional styling is done only with classes. For example, we reboot some <code><table></code> styles for a simpler baseline and later provide <code>.table</code>, <code>.table-bordered</code>, and more.</p>
<p>Here are our guidelines and reasons for choosing what to override in Reboot:</p>
<ul>
<li>Update some browser default values to use <code>rem</code>s instead of <code>em</code>s for scalable component spacing.</li>
<li>Avoid <code>margin-top</code>. Vertical margins can collapse, yielding unexpected results. More importantly though, a single direction of <code>margin</code> is a simpler mental model.</li>
<li>For easier scaling across device sizes, block elements should use <code>rem</code>s for <code>margin</code>s.</li>
<li>Keep declarations of <code>font</code>-related properties to a minimum, using <code>inherit</code> whenever possible.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="page-defaults">Page defaults</h2>
<p>The <code><html></code> and <code><body></code> elements are updated to provide better page-wide defaults. More specifically:</p>
<ul>
<li>The <code>box-sizing</code> is globally set on every element—including <code>*::before</code> and <code>*::after</code>, to <code>border-box</code>. This ensures that the declared width of element is never exceeded due to padding or border.
<ul>
<li>No base <code>font-size</code> is declared on the <code><html></code>, but <code>16px</code> is assumed (the browser default). <code>font-size: 1rem</code> is applied on the <code><body></code> for easy responsive type-scaling via media queries while respecting user preferences and ensuring a more accessible approach. This browser default can be overridden by modifying the <code>$font-size-root</code> variable.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The <code><body></code> also sets a global <code>font-family</code>, <code>font-weight</code>, <code>line-height</code>, and <code>color</code>. This is inherited later by some form elements to prevent font inconsistencies.</li>
<li>For safety, the <code><body></code> has a declared <code>background-color</code>, defaulting to <code>#fff</code>.</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="native-font-stack">Native font stack</h2>
<p>Bootstrap utilizes a “native font stack” or “system font stack” for optimum text rendering on every device and OS. These system fonts have been designed specifically with today’s devices in mind, with improved rendering on screens, variable font support, and more. Read more about <a href="https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/using-system-ui-fonts-practical-guide/">native font stacks in this <em>Smashing Magazine</em> article</a>.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-scss" data-lang="scss"><span class="nv">$font-family-sans-serif</span><span class="o">:</span>
<span class="c1">// Cross-platform generic font family (default user interface font)</span>
<span class="ni">system-ui</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Safari for macOS and iOS (San Francisco)</span>
<span class="o">-</span><span class="n">apple-system</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Windows</span>
<span class="s2">"Segoe UI"</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Android</span>
<span class="n">Roboto</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Basic web fallback</span>
<span class="s2">"Helvetica Neue"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="n">Arial</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Linux</span>
<span class="s2">"Noto Sans"</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="s2">"Liberation Sans"</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Sans serif fallback</span>
<span class="ni">sans-serif</span><span class="o">,</span>
<span class="c1">// Emoji fonts</span>
<span class="s2">"Apple Color Emoji"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">"Segoe UI Emoji"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">"Segoe UI Symbol"</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="s2">"Noto Color Emoji"</span> <span class="k">!default</span><span class="p">;</span>
</code></pre></div><p>Note that because the font stack includes emoji fonts, many common symbol/dingbat unicode characters will be rendered as multi-colored pictographs. Their appearance will vary, depending on the style used in the browser/platform’s native emoji font, and they won’t be affected by any CSS <code>color</code> styles.</p>
<p>This <code>font-family</code> is applied to the <code><body></code> and automatically inherited globally throughout Bootstrap. To switch the global <code>font-family</code>, update <code>$font-family-base</code> and recompile Bootstrap.</p>
<h2 id="headings-and-paragraphs">Headings and paragraphs</h2>
<p>All heading elements—e.g., <code><h1></code>—and <code><p></code> are reset to have their <code>margin-top</code> removed. Headings have <code>margin-bottom: .5rem</code> added and paragraphs <code>margin-bottom: 1rem</code> for easy spacing.</p>
<table class="table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Heading</th>
<th>Example</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h1></h1></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h1">h1. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h2></h2></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h2">h2. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h3></h3></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h3">h3. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h4></h4></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h4">h4. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h5></h5></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h5">h5. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>
<code><h6></h6></code>
</td>
<td><span class="h6">h6. Bootstrap heading</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="lists">Lists</h2>
<p>All lists—<code><ul></code>, <code><ol></code>, and <code><dl></code>—have their <code>margin-top</code> removed and a <code>margin-bottom: 1rem</code>. Nested lists have no <code>margin-bottom</code>. We’ve also reset the <code>padding-left</code> on <code><ul></code> and <code><ol></code> elements.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<ul>
<li>All lists have their top margin removed</li>
<li>And their bottom margin normalized</li>
<li>Nested lists have no bottom margin
<ul>
<li>This way they have a more even appearance</li>
<li>Particularly when followed by more list items</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>The left padding has also been reset</li>
</ul>
<ol>
<li>Here’s an ordered list</li>
<li>With a few list items</li>
<li>It has the same overall look</li>
<li>As the previous unordered list</li>
</ol>
</div>
<p>For simpler styling, clear hierarchy, and better spacing, description lists have updated <code>margin</code>s. <code><dd></code>s reset <code>margin-left</code> to <code>0</code> and add <code>margin-bottom: .5rem</code>. <code><dt></code>s are <strong>bolded</strong>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<dl>
<dt>Description lists</dt>
<dd>A description list is perfect for defining terms.</dd>
<dt>Term</dt>
<dd>Definition for the term.</dd>
<dd>A second definition for the same term.</dd>
<dt>Another term</dt>
<dd>Definition for this other term.</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<h2 id="inline-code">Inline code</h2>
<p>Wrap inline snippets of code with <code><code></code>. Be sure to escape HTML angle brackets.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
For example, <code><section></code> should be wrapped as inline.
</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html">For example, <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">code</span><span class="p">></span><span class="ni">&lt;</span>section<span class="ni">&gt;</span><span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">code</span><span class="p">></span> should be wrapped as inline.</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="code-blocks">Code blocks</h2>
<p>Use <code><pre></code>s for multiple lines of code. Once again, be sure to escape any angle brackets in the code for proper rendering. The <code><pre></code> element is reset to remove its <code>margin-top</code> and use <code>rem</code> units for its <code>margin-bottom</code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<pre><code><p>Sample text here...</p>
<p>And another line of sample text here...</p>
</code></pre>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">pre</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">code</span><span class="p">></span><span class="ni">&lt;</span>p<span class="ni">&gt;</span>Sample text here...<span class="ni">&lt;</span>/p<span class="ni">&gt;</span>
<span class="ni">&lt;</span>p<span class="ni">&gt;</span>And another line of sample text here...<span class="ni">&lt;</span>/p<span class="ni">&gt;</span>
<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">code</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">pre</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="variables">Variables</h2>
<p>For indicating variables use the <code><var></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<var>y</var> = <var>m</var><var>x</var> + <var>b</var>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span>y<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span> = <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span>m<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span>x<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span> + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span>b<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">var</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="user-input">User input</h2>
<p>Use the <code><kbd></code> to indicate input that is typically entered via keyboard.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
To switch directories, type <kbd>cd</kbd> followed by the name of the directory.<br>
To edit settings, press <kbd><kbd>ctrl</kbd> + <kbd>,</kbd></kbd>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html">To switch directories, type <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></span>cd<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></span> followed by the name of the directory.<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">></span>
To edit settings, press <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">><</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></span>ctrl<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></span> + <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></span>,<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></</span><span class="nt">kbd</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="sample-output">Sample output</h2>
<p>For indicating sample output from a program use the <code><samp></code> tag.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<samp>This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.</samp>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">samp</span><span class="p">></span>This text is meant to be treated as sample output from a computer program.<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">samp</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="tables">Tables</h2>
<p>Tables are slightly adjusted to style <code><caption></code>s, collapse borders, and ensure consistent <code>text-align</code> throughout. Additional changes for borders, padding, and more come with <a href="/docs/5.0/content/tables/">the <code>.table</code> class</a>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<table>
<caption>
This is an example table, and this is its caption to describe the contents.
</caption>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>Table heading</th>
<th>Table heading</th>
<th>Table heading</th>
<th>Table heading</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
<td>Table cell</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h2 id="forms">Forms</h2>
<p>Various form elements have been rebooted for simpler base styles. Here are some of the most notable changes:</p>
<ul>
<li><code><fieldset></code>s have no borders, padding, or margin so they can be easily used as wrappers for individual inputs or groups of inputs.</li>
<li><code><legend></code>s, like fieldsets, have also been restyled to be displayed as a heading of sorts.</li>
<li><code><label></code>s are set to <code>display: inline-block</code> to allow <code>margin</code> to be applied.</li>
<li><code><input></code>s, <code><select></code>s, <code><textarea></code>s, and <code><button></code>s are mostly addressed by Normalize, but Reboot removes their <code>margin</code> and sets <code>line-height: inherit</code>, too.</li>
<li><code><textarea></code>s are modified to only be resizable vertically as horizontal resizing often “breaks” page layout.</li>
<li><code><button></code>s and <code><input></code> button elements have <code>cursor: pointer</code> when <code>:not(:disabled)</code>.</li>
</ul>
<p>These changes, and more, are demonstrated below.</p>
<form class="bd-example">
<fieldset>
<legend>Example legend</legend>
<p>
<label for="input">Example input</label>
<input type="text" id="input" placeholder="Example input">
</p>
<p>
<label for="email">Example email</label>
<input type="email" id="email" placeholder="test@example.com">
</p>
<p>
<label for="tel">Example telephone</label>
<input type="tel" id="tel">
</p>
<p>
<label for="url">Example url</label>
<input type="url" id="url">
</p>
<p>
<label for="number">Example number</label>
<input type="number" id="number">
</p>
<p>
<label for="search">Example search</label>
<input type="search" id="search">
</p>
<p>
<label for="range">Example range</label>
<input type="range" id="range" min="0" max="10">
</p>
<p>
<label for="file">Example file input</label>
<input type="file" id="file">
</p>
<p>
<label for="select">Example select</label>
<select id="select">
<option value="">Choose...</option>
<optgroup label="Option group 1">
<option value="">Option 1</option>
<option value="">Option 2</option>
<option value="">Option 3</option>
</optgroup>
<optgroup label="Option group 2">
<option value="">Option 4</option>
<option value="">Option 5</option>
<option value="">Option 6</option>
</optgroup>
</select>
</p>
<p>
<label>
<input type="checkbox" value="">
Check this checkbox
</label>
</p>
<p>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios1" value="option1" checked>
Option one is this and that
</label>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios2" value="option2">
Option two is something else that's also super long to demonstrate the wrapping of these fancy form controls.
</label>
<label>
<input type="radio" name="optionsRadios" id="optionsRadios3" value="option3" disabled>
Option three is disabled
</label>
</p>
<p>
<label for="textarea">Example textarea</label>
<textarea id="textarea" rows="3"></textarea>
</p>
<p>
<label for="date">Example date</label>
<input type="date" id="date">
</p>
<p>
<label for="time">Example time</label>
<input type="time" id="time">
</p>
<p>
<label for="password">Example password</label>
<input type="password" id="password">
</p>
<p>
<label for="datetime-local">Example datetime-local</label>
<input type="datetime-local" id="datetime-local">
</p>
<p>
<label for="week">Example week</label>
<input type="week" id="week">
</p>
<p>
<label for="month">Example month</label>
<input type="month" id="month">
</p>
<p>
<label for="color">Example color</label>
<input type="color" id="color">
</p>
<p>
<label for="output">Example output</label>
<output name="result" id="output">100</output>
</p>
<p>
<button type="submit">Button submit</button>
<input type="submit" value="Input submit button">
<input type="reset" value="Input reset button">
<input type="button" value="Input button">
</p>
<p>
<button type="submit" disabled>Button submit</button>
<input type="submit" value="Input submit button" disabled>
<input type="reset" value="Input reset button" disabled>
<input type="button" value="Input button" disabled>
</p>
</fieldset>
</form>
<div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="date--color-input-support">Date & color input support</h5>
<p>Keep in mind date inputs are <a href="https://caniuse.com/input-datetime">not fully supported</a> by all browsers, namely Safari.
</div>
<h3 id="pointers-on-buttons">Pointers on buttons</h3>
<p>Reboot includes an enhancement for <code>role="button"</code> to change the default cursor to <code>pointer</code>. Add this attribute to elements to help indicate elements are interactive. This role isn’t necessary for <code><button></code> elements, which get their own <code>cursor</code> change.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<span role="button" tabindex="0">Non-button element button</span>
</div><div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">span</span> <span class="na">role</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"button"</span> <span class="na">tabindex</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"0"</span><span class="p">></span>Non-button element button<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">></span></code></pre></div>
<h2 id="misc-elements">Misc elements</h2>
<h3 id="address">Address</h3>
<p>The <code><address></code> element is updated to reset the browser default <code>font-style</code> from <code>italic</code> to <code>normal</code>. <code>line-height</code> is also now inherited, and <code>margin-bottom: 1rem</code> has been added. <code><address></code>s are for presenting contact information for the nearest ancestor (or an entire body of work). Preserve formatting by ending lines with <code><br></code>.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<address>
<strong>Twitter, Inc.</strong><br>
1355 Market St, Suite 900<br>
San Francisco, CA 94103<br>
<abbr title="Phone">P:</abbr> (123) 456-7890
</address>
<address>
<strong>Full Name</strong><br>
<a href="mailto:first.last@example.com">first.last@example.com</a>
</address>
</div>
<h3 id="blockquote">Blockquote</h3>
<p>The default <code>margin</code> on blockquotes is <code>1em 40px</code>, so we reset that to <code>0 0 1rem</code> for something more consistent with other elements.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<blockquote class="blockquote">
<p>A well-known quote, contained in a blockquote element.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Someone famous in <cite title="Source Title">Source Title</cite></p>
</div>
<h3 id="inline-elements">Inline elements</h3>
<p>The <code><abbr></code> element receives basic styling to make it stand out amongst paragraph text.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
Nulla <abbr title="attribute">attr</abbr> vitae elit libero, a pharetra augue.
</div>
<h3 id="summary">Summary</h3>
<p>The default <code>cursor</code> on summary is <code>text</code>, so we reset that to <code>pointer</code> to convey that the element can be interacted with by clicking on it.</p>
<div class="bd-example">
<details>
<summary>Some details</summary>
<p>More info about the details.</p>
</details>
<details open>
<summary>Even more details</summary>
<p>Here are even more details about the details.</p>
</details>
</div>
<h2 id="html5-hidden-attribute">HTML5 <code>[hidden]</code> attribute</h2>
<p>HTML5 adds <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes/hidden">a new global attribute named <code>[hidden]</code></a>, which is styled as <code>display: none</code> by default. Borrowing an idea from <a href="https://purecss.io/">PureCSS</a>, we improve upon this default by making <code>[hidden] { display: none !important; }</code> to help prevent its <code>display</code> from getting accidentally overridden.</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre class="chroma"><code class="language-html" data-lang="html"><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">hidden</span><span class="p">></span>
</code></pre></div><div class="bd-callout bd-callout-warning">
<h5 id="jquery-incompatibility">jQuery incompatibility</h5>
<p><code>[hidden]</code> is not compatible with jQuery’s <code>$(...).hide()</code> and <code>$(...).show()</code> methods. Therefore, we don’t currently especially endorse <code>[hidden]</code> over other techniques for managing the <code>display</code> of elements.
</div>
<p>To merely toggle the visibility of an element, meaning its <code>display</code> is not modified and the element can still affect the flow of the document, use <a href="/docs/5.0/utilities/visibility/">the <code>.invisible</code> class</a> instead.</p>
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