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<title>AFIO: afio_v2_xxx::map_handle Class Reference</title>
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 <span id="projectnumber">v2.00 late alpha</span>
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<a href="#pub-types">Public Types</a> |
<a href="#pub-methods">Public Member Functions</a> |
<a href="#pub-static-methods">Static Public Member Functions</a> |
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<div class="title">afio_v2_xxx::map_handle Class Reference<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">abstract</span></span></div> </div>
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<p>A handle to a memory mapped region of memory, either backed by the system page file or by a section.
<a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#details">More...</a></p>
<p><code>#include "map_handle.hpp"</code></p>
<div class="dynheader">
Inheritance diagram for afio_v2_xxx::map_handle:</div>
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<table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="pub-types"></a>
Public Types</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a9cde0ddea1310cdec3db32ad69f29527"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a9cde0ddea1310cdec3db32ad69f29527"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>extent_type</b> = io_handle::extent_type</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a9cde0ddea1310cdec3db32ad69f29527"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a26d90317426d6a95abb27caff26d1568"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a26d90317426d6a95abb27caff26d1568"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>size_type</b> = io_handle::size_type</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a26d90317426d6a95abb27caff26d1568"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a4a2fc92b11c3dc6021436261eab13e48"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a4a2fc92b11c3dc6021436261eab13e48"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>mode</b> = <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0489b6c1e25cd2bad2ba1ec86e1aaf18">io_handle::mode</a></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a4a2fc92b11c3dc6021436261eab13e48"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a1d6628e75030c5f83dd679ff0a7a6d6b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a1d6628e75030c5f83dd679ff0a7a6d6b"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>creation</b> = <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a45ff5c1c5662623d99156870dfeee0a7">io_handle::creation</a></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a1d6628e75030c5f83dd679ff0a7a6d6b"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a8e76ea37b167d23b43b27794282667f4"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a8e76ea37b167d23b43b27794282667f4"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>caching</b> = <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6f7e37c73271968271c2342023f58c9e">io_handle::caching</a></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a8e76ea37b167d23b43b27794282667f4"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a4ac624b2af8f1cccdf87d80f5542b709"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a4ac624b2af8f1cccdf87d80f5542b709"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>flag</b> = io_handle::flag</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a4ac624b2af8f1cccdf87d80f5542b709"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a45a37a4b395e125f84cd9a9e1995c504"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a45a37a4b395e125f84cd9a9e1995c504"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>buffer_type</b> = <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">io_handle::buffer_type</a></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a45a37a4b395e125f84cd9a9e1995c504"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:abe6c2e6318b90d83660f47f9a8ec24d1"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="abe6c2e6318b90d83660f47f9a8ec24d1"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>const_buffer_type</b> = <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html">io_handle::const_buffer_type</a></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:abe6c2e6318b90d83660f47f9a8ec24d1"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a0af15b220ec3cfd1816206a5e795c934"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a0af15b220ec3cfd1816206a5e795c934"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>buffers_type</b> = <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">io_handle::buffers_type</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a272e3e3dd846e5a4ee86e7193403500a"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a272e3e3dd846e5a4ee86e7193403500a"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>const_buffers_type</b> = <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">io_handle::const_buffers_type</a></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a9051ebc2ea492cdd7c14e01fbb5a3a92"><td class="memTemplParams" colspan="2"><a id="a9051ebc2ea492cdd7c14e01fbb5a3a92"></a>
template<class T > </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a9051ebc2ea492cdd7c14e01fbb5a3a92"><td class="memTemplItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">using </td><td class="memTemplItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>io_request</b> = <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_handle::io_request</a>< T ></td></tr>
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template<class T > </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a1ea36471bce9cae1604da211a4afa779"><td class="memTemplItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">using </td><td class="memTemplItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>io_result</b> = <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_handle::io_result</a>< T ></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aacabd3633b7c08a422c3e912f6319959"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="aacabd3633b7c08a422c3e912f6319959"></a>
using </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>path_type</b> = <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6c4df2242ece6f63ba7ef4e6baafaca6">handle::path_type</a></td></tr>
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</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="pub-methods"></a>
Public Member Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a57d804e792acee6f848b75ad3d8ff439"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a57d804e792acee6f848b75ad3d8ff439"></a>
constexpr </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a57d804e792acee6f848b75ad3d8ff439">map_handle</a> ()</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a57d804e792acee6f848b75ad3d8ff439"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Default constructor. <br /></td></tr>
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constexpr </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a96cb504683feb27581012d48fd967cfc">map_handle</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> &&o) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a96cb504683feb27581012d48fd967cfc"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Implicit move construction of map_handle permitted. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:acd3a23554d49cd7761c05c78316e843d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="acd3a23554d49cd7761c05c78316e843d"></a>
 </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#acd3a23554d49cd7761c05c78316e843d">map_handle</a> (const <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> &)=delete</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:acd3a23554d49cd7761c05c78316e843d"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">No copy construction (use <code>clone()</code>) <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aa2de383f07c16362890a8602d6089cef"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="aa2de383f07c16362890a8602d6089cef"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> & </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#aa2de383f07c16362890a8602d6089cef">operator=</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> &&o) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aa2de383f07c16362890a8602d6089cef"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Move assignment of map_handle permitted. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a6643b27340d9bc8d2e29c9e085f8799c"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a6643b27340d9bc8d2e29c9e085f8799c"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> & </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a6643b27340d9bc8d2e29c9e085f8799c">operator=</a> (const <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> &)=delete</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a6643b27340d9bc8d2e29c9e085f8799c"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">No copy assignment. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a295685127f9dacc561b5f9600d82fad5"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a295685127f9dacc561b5f9600d82fad5"></a>
void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a295685127f9dacc561b5f9600d82fad5">swap</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> &o) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a295685127f9dacc561b5f9600d82fad5"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Swap with another instance. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aca05f73280e20cb18cc0dd7f60a1aae1"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="aca05f73280e20cb18cc0dd7f60a1aae1"></a>
virtual result< void > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#aca05f73280e20cb18cc0dd7f60a1aae1">close</a> () noexcept override</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aca05f73280e20cb18cc0dd7f60a1aae1"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Unmap the mapped view. <br /></td></tr>
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virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1native__handle__type.html">native_handle_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac484c07601be4e987b5f1332bdccfee3">release</a> () noexcept override</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac484c07601be4e987b5f1332bdccfee3"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Releases the mapped view, but does NOT release the native handle. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ad6ab309f4df975892f3bcbef345c779b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ad6ab309f4df975892f3bcbef345c779b"></a>
virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>barrier</b> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > reqs=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> >(), bool wait_for_device=false, bool and_metadata=false, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept override</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ab8a43a5388161f629fef5ee7256dbbc8"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ab8a43a5388161f629fef5ee7256dbbc8"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1section__handle.html">section_handle</a> * </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ab8a43a5388161f629fef5ee7256dbbc8">section</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ab8a43a5388161f629fef5ee7256dbbc8"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The memory section this handle is using. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a127eef4449f6afcddbdb684030776868"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a127eef4449f6afcddbdb684030776868"></a>
void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a127eef4449f6afcddbdb684030776868">set_section</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1section__handle.html">section_handle</a> *s) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a127eef4449f6afcddbdb684030776868"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Sets the memory section this handle is using. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a6f203a9bb0bee94ac6b395ac5f3a2270"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a6f203a9bb0bee94ac6b395ac5f3a2270"></a>
byte * </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a6f203a9bb0bee94ac6b395ac5f3a2270">address</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a6f203a9bb0bee94ac6b395ac5f3a2270"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The address in memory where this mapped view resides. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The offset of the memory map. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ad29ceb1ecb38e9e74e63404b7db3a5a2"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ad29ceb1ecb38e9e74e63404b7db3a5a2"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ad29ceb1ecb38e9e74e63404b7db3a5a2">capacity</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ad29ceb1ecb38e9e74e63404b7db3a5a2"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The reservation size of the memory map. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aba6ebe9afaccfaf59a92c5b85c72e7d2"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="aba6ebe9afaccfaf59a92c5b85c72e7d2"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#aba6ebe9afaccfaf59a92c5b85c72e7d2">length</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aba6ebe9afaccfaf59a92c5b85c72e7d2"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The size of the memory map. This is the accessible size, NOT the reservation size. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a5c57d56e5704ced94de606895a1fe9bd"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a5c57d56e5704ced94de606895a1fe9bd"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a5c57d56e5704ced94de606895a1fe9bd">is_nvram</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a5c57d56e5704ced94de606895a1fe9bd"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if the map is of non-volatile RAM. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:abaff8ae673c35e9bb150e3970dd205a5"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="abaff8ae673c35e9bb150e3970dd205a5"></a>
result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#abaff8ae673c35e9bb150e3970dd205a5">update_map</a> () noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:abaff8ae673c35e9bb150e3970dd205a5"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Update the size of the memory map to that of any backing section, up to the reservation limit. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:af9699a9a290ba974184f844c2f6038e8"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#af9699a9a290ba974184f844c2f6038e8">truncate</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> newsize, bool permit_relocation=false) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a4cdb7b9643da8c8e2dee0c8b01511e83"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a4cdb7b9643da8c8e2dee0c8b01511e83"></a>
result< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a4cdb7b9643da8c8e2dee0c8b01511e83">commit</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> region, section_handle::flag flag=section_handle::flag::readwrite) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a4cdb7b9643da8c8e2dee0c8b01511e83"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Ask the system to commit the system resources to make the memory represented by the buffer available with the given permissions. addr and length should be page aligned (see utils::page_sizes()), if not the returned buffer is the region actually committed. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a5b69e8faa8a9e47dec1b1a123c722a3e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a5b69e8faa8a9e47dec1b1a123c722a3e"></a>
result< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a5b69e8faa8a9e47dec1b1a123c722a3e">decommit</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> region) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a5b69e8faa8a9e47dec1b1a123c722a3e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Ask the system to make the memory represented by the buffer unavailable and to decommit the system resources representing them. addr and length should be page aligned (see utils::page_sizes()), if not the returned buffer is the region actually decommitted. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ac35a85e8a6cca721640ddc6b5008e145"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< void > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac35a85e8a6cca721640ddc6b5008e145">zero_memory</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> region) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aa25715985351f79e034bb1ef37f74824"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#aa25715985351f79e034bb1ef37f74824">do_not_store</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> region) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a4d8c8f3fcecd58b55316d42799abf6f3"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a4d8c8f3fcecd58b55316d42799abf6f3">read</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > reqs, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept override</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a4d8c8f3fcecd58b55316d42799abf6f3"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Read data from the mapped view. <a href="#a4d8c8f3fcecd58b55316d42799abf6f3">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a4d8c8f3fcecd58b55316d42799abf6f3"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a00b7e1e99089c2641c45ee824811ebc1"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a00b7e1e99089c2641c45ee824811ebc1">write</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > reqs, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept override</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a00b7e1e99089c2641c45ee824811ebc1"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Write data to the mapped view. <a href="#a00b7e1e99089c2641c45ee824811ebc1">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a00b7e1e99089c2641c45ee824811ebc1"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a4d9cbbb7aae98704c6ad97de080c4210"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual size_t </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a4d9cbbb7aae98704c6ad97de080c4210">max_buffers</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a4d9cbbb7aae98704c6ad97de080c4210"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The <em>maximum</em> number of buffers which a single read or write syscall can process at a time for this specific open handle. On POSIX, this is known as <code>IOV_MAX</code>. <a href="#a4d9cbbb7aae98704c6ad97de080c4210">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a4d9cbbb7aae98704c6ad97de080c4210"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28">read</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > reqs, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Read data from the open handle. <a href="#a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a928a8ab64d5b7d68dc7e2b3e5849df24"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a928a8ab64d5b7d68dc7e2b3e5849df24">read</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a>, std::initializer_list< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > lst, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01">write</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > reqs, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Write data to the open handle. <a href="#aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:add161546c0769941fce4fd9f06934e03"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#add161546c0769941fce4fd9f06934e03">write</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a>, std::initializer_list< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html">const_buffer_type</a> > lst, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a243156928e89b8988a1412f211b3b603"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a243156928e89b8988a1412f211b3b603">barrier</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > reqs=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> >(), bool wait_for_device=false, bool and_metadata=false, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept=0</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a243156928e89b8988a1412f211b3b603"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Issue a write reordering barrier such that writes preceding the barrier will reach storage before writes after this barrier. <a href="#a243156928e89b8988a1412f211b3b603">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a243156928e89b8988a1412f211b3b603"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">lock</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a>, <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> bytes, bool exclusive=true, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Tries to lock the range of bytes specified for shared or exclusive access. Be aware this passes through the same semantics as the underlying OS call, including any POSIX insanity present on your platform: <a href="#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ad44dcd9c7ca9e7a094dd1bc7c8aa4897"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#ad44dcd9c7ca9e7a094dd1bc7c8aa4897">lock</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > reqs, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ad44dcd9c7ca9e7a094dd1bc7c8aa4897"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aeabd245b6edcfb57779b29c6f2ea9737"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#aeabd245b6edcfb57779b29c6f2ea9737">lock</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > reqs, <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> d=<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a0a1c4773b9fa7bbd04fee0756075d319"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a0a1c4773b9fa7bbd04fee0756075d319">try_lock</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a>, <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> bytes, bool exclusive=true) noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a96b9da71ee7791fbaaa2470c936ec763"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a96b9da71ee7791fbaaa2470c936ec763">unlock</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a>, <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> bytes) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a96b9da71ee7791fbaaa2470c936ec763"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Unlocks a byte range previously locked. <a href="#a96b9da71ee7791fbaaa2470c936ec763">More...</a><br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a657c12a309cf02bf2351bfcc7f41463b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a657c12a309cf02bf2351bfcc7f41463b"></a>
void </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a657c12a309cf02bf2351bfcc7f41463b">swap</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html">handle</a> &o) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a657c12a309cf02bf2351bfcc7f41463b"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Swap with another instance. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a616a67222676af5ec5b3aa94d7c02428"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6c4df2242ece6f63ba7ef4e6baafaca6">path_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a616a67222676af5ec5b3aa94d7c02428">current_path</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a54790e954f57372b87b095451cc79c38"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html">handle</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a54790e954f57372b87b095451cc79c38">clone</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a4194a05dd9694d2c47d5a45f925db1d7"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a4194a05dd9694d2c47d5a45f925db1d7"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a4194a05dd9694d2c47d5a45f925db1d7">is_valid</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a4194a05dd9694d2c47d5a45f925db1d7"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if the handle is valid (and usually open) <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a349e001cbe359d4e7a8f066c69e9361e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a349e001cbe359d4e7a8f066c69e9361e"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a349e001cbe359d4e7a8f066c69e9361e">is_readable</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a349e001cbe359d4e7a8f066c69e9361e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if the handle is readable. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a5be9a526bc5c1be758b0cfc36a262f6e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a5be9a526bc5c1be758b0cfc36a262f6e"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a5be9a526bc5c1be758b0cfc36a262f6e">is_writable</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a5be9a526bc5c1be758b0cfc36a262f6e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if the handle is writable. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ae33d4d0faa1377cd371bd6a0ae0769ae"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ae33d4d0faa1377cd371bd6a0ae0769ae"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#ae33d4d0faa1377cd371bd6a0ae0769ae">is_append_only</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ae33d4d0faa1377cd371bd6a0ae0769ae"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if the handle is append only. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:af1610ec7fb0a41f039e3e17e0dc467ab"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">virtual result< void > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#af1610ec7fb0a41f039e3e17e0dc467ab">set_append_only</a> (bool enable) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:af1610ec7fb0a41f039e3e17e0dc467ab"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:af42904dd49b5517a303e7cb256eae939"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="af42904dd49b5517a303e7cb256eae939"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#af42904dd49b5517a303e7cb256eae939">is_overlapped</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:af42904dd49b5517a303e7cb256eae939"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if overlapped. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aac62f621c42be6eeb8d9a5700da367f9"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="aac62f621c42be6eeb8d9a5700da367f9"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#aac62f621c42be6eeb8d9a5700da367f9">is_seekable</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aac62f621c42be6eeb8d9a5700da367f9"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if seekable. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:affb10caeeca67b804695b7378be29e23"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="affb10caeeca67b804695b7378be29e23"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#affb10caeeca67b804695b7378be29e23">requires_aligned_io</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:affb10caeeca67b804695b7378be29e23"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if requires aligned i/o. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a526c300d421155ccc071b04db4bca65d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a526c300d421155ccc071b04db4bca65d"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a526c300d421155ccc071b04db4bca65d">is_regular</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a526c300d421155ccc071b04db4bca65d"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if a regular file or device. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:aa53d88105df8c6be01be649829a65b14"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="aa53d88105df8c6be01be649829a65b14"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#aa53d88105df8c6be01be649829a65b14">is_directory</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:aa53d88105df8c6be01be649829a65b14"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if a directory. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a3c777f045dc2b0248b891d6e7811d152"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a3c777f045dc2b0248b891d6e7811d152"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a3c777f045dc2b0248b891d6e7811d152">is_symlink</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a3c777f045dc2b0248b891d6e7811d152"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if a symlink. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a3c777f045dc2b0248b891d6e7811d152"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ab790af4654f5455d8c5e1f1d397543ca"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ab790af4654f5455d8c5e1f1d397543ca"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#ab790af4654f5455d8c5e1f1d397543ca">is_multiplexer</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ab790af4654f5455d8c5e1f1d397543ca"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if a multiplexer like BSD kqueues, Linux epoll or Windows IOCP. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ab790af4654f5455d8c5e1f1d397543ca"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ad02958278a0d92e4ec4fb864ba1eb35b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ad02958278a0d92e4ec4fb864ba1eb35b"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#ad02958278a0d92e4ec4fb864ba1eb35b">is_process</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ad02958278a0d92e4ec4fb864ba1eb35b"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if a process. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:ac5b2859fabe04dbfc37020daed618257"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ac5b2859fabe04dbfc37020daed618257"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#ac5b2859fabe04dbfc37020daed618257">is_section</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ac5b2859fabe04dbfc37020daed618257"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if a memory section. <br /></td></tr>
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<tr class="memitem:a00f42a44de714feb3ed86dd0a175e69c"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a00f42a44de714feb3ed86dd0a175e69c"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6f7e37c73271968271c2342023f58c9e">caching</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a00f42a44de714feb3ed86dd0a175e69c">kernel_caching</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a00f42a44de714feb3ed86dd0a175e69c"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Kernel cache strategy used by this handle. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a00f42a44de714feb3ed86dd0a175e69c"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a71137cb82edd9a1bcb24f64886b5826d"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a71137cb82edd9a1bcb24f64886b5826d"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a71137cb82edd9a1bcb24f64886b5826d">are_reads_from_cache</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a71137cb82edd9a1bcb24f64886b5826d"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if the handle uses the kernel page cache for reads. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a71137cb82edd9a1bcb24f64886b5826d"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a97ffbbf53f51549549efef0b49e125dc"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a97ffbbf53f51549549efef0b49e125dc"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a97ffbbf53f51549549efef0b49e125dc">are_writes_durable</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a97ffbbf53f51549549efef0b49e125dc"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if writes are safely on storage on completion. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a97ffbbf53f51549549efef0b49e125dc"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a3fc7db93fac699f5ecad453642ed314e"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a3fc7db93fac699f5ecad453642ed314e"></a>
bool </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a3fc7db93fac699f5ecad453642ed314e">are_safety_fsyncs_issued</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a3fc7db93fac699f5ecad453642ed314e"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">True if issuing safety fsyncs is on. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a3fc7db93fac699f5ecad453642ed314e"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ab3d876f5996605158fd6a0582adadad6"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ab3d876f5996605158fd6a0582adadad6"></a>
flag </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#ab3d876f5996605158fd6a0582adadad6">flags</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ab3d876f5996605158fd6a0582adadad6"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The flags this handle was opened with. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ab3d876f5996605158fd6a0582adadad6"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a875440f1b368472f1840c70c266f3a48"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a875440f1b368472f1840c70c266f3a48"></a>
<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1native__handle__type.html">native_handle_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a875440f1b368472f1840c70c266f3a48">native_handle</a> () const noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:a875440f1b368472f1840c70c266f3a48"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">The native handle used by this handle. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a875440f1b368472f1840c70c266f3a48"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="pub-static-methods"></a>
Static Public Member Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a74e5785071e0d89b51edcbc9bc6089db"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html">const_buffer_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a74e5785071e0d89b51edcbc9bc6089db">barrier</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html">const_buffer_type</a> req, bool evict=false) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a74e5785071e0d89b51edcbc9bc6089db"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a9c43d182b257682d320f12f6e6be30b3"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#a9c43d182b257682d320f12f6e6be30b3">map</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> bytes, section_handle::flag _flag=section_handle::flag::readwrite) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a9c43d182b257682d320f12f6e6be30b3"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:aab2f2816821bcde22353855873a34c48"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static result< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#aab2f2816821bcde22353855873a34c48">map</a> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1section__handle.html">section_handle</a> &<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ab8a43a5388161f629fef5ee7256dbbc8">section</a>, <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> bytes=0, <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ac049430769b0fa1d06c93160cef5a2f9">offset</a>=0, section_handle::flag _flag=section_handle::flag::readwrite) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:aab2f2816821bcde22353855873a34c48"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65"></a>
static result< span< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65">prefetch</a> (span< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > regions) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="memdesc:ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65"><td class="mdescLeft"> </td><td class="mdescRight">Ask the system to begin to asynchronously prefetch the span of memory regions given, returning the regions actually prefetched. Note that on Windows 7 or earlier the system call to implement this was not available, and so you will see an empty span returned. <br /></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ab569da5c3ffa64200f8b10dbe683bbc8"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top">static result< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ab569da5c3ffa64200f8b10dbe683bbc8">prefetch</a> (<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> region) noexcept</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ab569da5c3ffa64200f8b10dbe683bbc8"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="pro-methods"></a>
Protected Member Functions</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a735b3ed30ff1387c9af82dccb6147545"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a735b3ed30ff1387c9af82dccb6147545"></a>
 </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>map_handle</b> (<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1section__handle.html">section_handle</a> *<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ab8a43a5388161f629fef5ee7256dbbc8">section</a>)</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a735b3ed30ff1387c9af82dccb6147545"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="pro-attribs"></a>
Protected Attributes</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:af776fe76eb1e2e493d9d2ddbde0b150c"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="af776fe76eb1e2e493d9d2ddbde0b150c"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1section__handle.html">section_handle</a> * </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_section</b> {nullptr}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:af776fe76eb1e2e493d9d2ddbde0b150c"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a00181d29f9a6e646bd9b07e0c35e9a8b"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a00181d29f9a6e646bd9b07e0c35e9a8b"></a>
byte * </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_addr</b> {nullptr}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a00181d29f9a6e646bd9b07e0c35e9a8b"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a5b7bae1f24ec1ae96822fb865bfd0ea5"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a5b7bae1f24ec1ae96822fb865bfd0ea5"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_offset</b> {0}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a5b7bae1f24ec1ae96822fb865bfd0ea5"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a1d3f93b7f145af54e62e0401dc57e600"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a1d3f93b7f145af54e62e0401dc57e600"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_reservation</b> {0}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a1d3f93b7f145af54e62e0401dc57e600"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:adffdff916ccf13d88a02ddb6b6a421c8"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="adffdff916ccf13d88a02ddb6b6a421c8"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_length</b> {0}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:adffdff916ccf13d88a02ddb6b6a421c8"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:abdcdfc9d1ed9193bff10f3a03257b677"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="abdcdfc9d1ed9193bff10f3a03257b677"></a>
section_handle::flag </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_flag</b> {section_handle::flag::none}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:abdcdfc9d1ed9193bff10f3a03257b677"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:af024e3d92d9a01ac367734e9cdc517fb"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="af024e3d92d9a01ac367734e9cdc517fb"></a>
<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6f7e37c73271968271c2342023f58c9e">caching</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_caching</b> {<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6f7e37c73271968271c2342023f58c9ea334c4a4c42fdb79d7ebc3e73b517e6f8">caching::none</a>}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:af024e3d92d9a01ac367734e9cdc517fb"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:ac46e0a296c31fcd0a996a79d78647fb6"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="ac46e0a296c31fcd0a996a79d78647fb6"></a>
flag </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_flags</b> {flag::none}</td></tr>
<tr class="separator:ac46e0a296c31fcd0a996a79d78647fb6"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a771ef2bf39ad784eb6265dde077792ad"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a771ef2bf39ad784eb6265dde077792ad"></a>
<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1native__handle__type.html">native_handle_type</a> </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>_v</b></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a771ef2bf39ad784eb6265dde077792ad"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table><table class="memberdecls">
<tr class="heading"><td colspan="2"><h2 class="groupheader"><a name="friends"></a>
Friends</h2></td></tr>
<tr class="memitem:a04d5b12318493f32de67854714001ab2"><td class="memItemLeft" align="right" valign="top"><a id="a04d5b12318493f32de67854714001ab2"></a>
class </td><td class="memItemRight" valign="bottom"><b>mapped_file_handle</b></td></tr>
<tr class="separator:a04d5b12318493f32de67854714001ab2"><td class="memSeparator" colspan="2"> </td></tr>
</table>
<a name="details" id="details"></a><h2 class="groupheader">Detailed Description</h2>
<div class="textblock"><p>A handle to a memory mapped region of memory, either backed by the system page file or by a section. </p>
<p>An important concept to realise with mapped regions is that they can far exceed the size of their backing storage. This allows one to reserve address space for a file which may grow in the future. This is how <code>mapped_file_handle</code> is implemented to provide very fast memory mapped file i/o of a potentially growing file.</p>
<p>The size you specify when creating the map handle is the address space reservation. The map's <code>length()</code> will return the last known <b>valid</b> length of the mapped data i.e. the backing storage's length at the time of construction. This length is used by <code>read()</code> and <code>write()</code> to prevent reading and writing off the end of the mapped region. You can update this length to the backing storage's length using <code>update_map()</code> up to the reservation limit.</p>
<p>You can attempt to modify the address space reservation after creation using <code>truncate()</code>. If successful, this will be more efficient than tearing down the map and creating a new larger map.</p>
<p>The native handle returned by this map handle is always that of the backing storage, but closing this handle does not close that of the backing storage, nor does releasing this handle release that of the backing storage. Locking byte ranges of this handle is therefore equal to locking byte ranges in the original backing storage, which can be very useful.</p>
<h2>Barriers:</h2>
<p><code>map_handle</code>, because it implements <code>io_handle</code>, implements <code>barrier()</code> in a very conservative way to account for OS differences i.e. it calls <code>msync()</code>, and then the <code>barrier()</code> implementation for the backing file (probably <code>fsync()</code> or equivalent on most platforms, which synchronises the entire file).</p>
<p>This is vast overkill if you are using non-volatile RAM, so a special <em>inlined</em> <code>barrier()</code> implementation taking a single buffer and no other arguments is also provided. This calls the appropriate architecture-specific instructions to cause the CPU to write all preceding writes out of the write buffers and CPU caches to main memory, so for Intel CPUs this would be <code>CLWB <each cache line>; SFENCE;</code>. As this is inlined, it ought to produce optimal code. If your CPU does not support the requisite instructions (or AFIO has not added support), and empty buffer will be returned to indicate that nothing was barriered, same as the normal <code>barrier()</code> function.</p>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><code>mapped_file_handle</code>, <code>algorithm::mapped_span</code> </dd></dl>
</div><h2 class="groupheader">Member Function Documentation</h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a><<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::barrier </td>
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<td class="paramname"><em>reqs</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> >()</code>, </td>
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<p>Issue a write reordering barrier such that writes preceding the barrier will reach storage before writes after this barrier. </p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd><b>Assume that this call is a no-op</b>. It is not reliably implemented in many common use cases, for example if your code is running inside a LXC container, or if the user has mounted the filing system with non-default options. Instead open the handle with <code>caching::reads</code> which means that all writes form a strict sequential order not completing until acknowledged by the storage device. Filing system can and do use different algorithms to give much better performance with <code>caching::reads</code>, some (e.g. ZFS) spectacularly better.</dd>
<dd>
Let me repeat again: consider this call to be a <b>hint</b> to poke the kernel with a stick to go start to do some work sooner rather than later. <b>It may be ignored entirely</b>.</dd>
<dd>
For portability, you can only assume that barriers write order for a single handle instance. You cannot assume that barriers write order across multiple handles to the same inode, or across processes.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The buffers barriered, which may not be the buffers input. The size of each scatter-gather buffer is updated with the number of bytes of that buffer barriered. </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">reqs</td><td>A scatter-gather and offset request for what range to barrier. May be ignored on some platforms which always write barrier the entire file. Supplying a default initialised reqs write barriers the entire file. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">wait_for_device</td><td>True if you want the call to wait until data reaches storage and that storage has acknowledged the data is physically written. Slow. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">and_metadata</td><td>True if you want the call to sync the metadata for retrieving the writes before the barrier after a sudden power loss event. Slow. Setting this to false enables much faster performance, especially on non-volatile memory. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">d</td><td>An optional deadline by which the i/o must complete, else it is cancelled. Note function may return significantly after this deadline if the i/o takes long to cancel. </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX fdatasync() or Windows NtFlushBuffersFileEx() can return. </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>None. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a74e5785071e0d89b51edcbc9bc6089db">◆ </a></span>barrier() <span class="overload">[2/2]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">static <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html">const_buffer_type</a> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::barrier </td>
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<p>Lightweight inlined barrier which causes the CPU to write out all buffered writes and dirty cache lines in the request to main memory. </p><dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The cache lines actually barriered. This may be empty. This function does not return an error. </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">req</td><td>The range of cache lines to write barrier. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">evict</td><td>Whether to also evict the cache lines from CPU caches, useful if they will not be used again.</td></tr>
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<p>Upon return, one knows that memory in the returned buffer has been barriered (it may be empty if there is no support for this operation in AFIO, or if the current CPU does not support this operation). You may find the <code>is_nvram()</code> observer of particular use here. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00364"></a><span class="lineno"> 364</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00365"></a><span class="lineno"> 365</span>  const_buffer_type ret{(<a class="code" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html#a1a57197235e88675736a032578a3fd0c">const_buffer_type::pointer</a>)(((uintptr_t) req.data) & 31), 0};</div><div class="line"><a name="l00366"></a><span class="lineno"> 366</span>  ret.<a class="code" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html#af355ceae82988f25cfa34d595550cbcf">len</a> = req.data + req.len - ret.data;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00367"></a><span class="lineno"> 367</span>  <span class="keywordflow">for</span>(<a class="code" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html#a1a57197235e88675736a032578a3fd0c">const_buffer_type::pointer</a> addr = ret.data; addr < ret.data + ret.len; addr += 32)</div><div class="line"><a name="l00368"></a><span class="lineno"> 368</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00369"></a><span class="lineno"> 369</span>  <span class="comment">// Slightly UB ...</span></div><div class="line"><a name="l00370"></a><span class="lineno"> 370</span>  <span class="keyword">auto</span> *p = <span class="keyword">reinterpret_cast<</span><span class="keyword">const </span>persistent<byte> *<span class="keyword">></span>(addr);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00371"></a><span class="lineno"> 371</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span>(memory_flush_none == p->flush(evict ? memory_flush_evict : memory_flush_retain))</div><div class="line"><a name="l00372"></a><span class="lineno"> 372</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00373"></a><span class="lineno"> 373</span>  req.len = 0;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00374"></a><span class="lineno"> 374</span>  <span class="keywordflow">break</span>;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00375"></a><span class="lineno"> 375</span>  }</div><div class="line"><a name="l00376"></a><span class="lineno"> 376</span>  }</div><div class="line"><a name="l00377"></a><span class="lineno"> 377</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> ret;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00378"></a><span class="lineno"> 378</span>  }</div><div class="ttc" id="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type_html_a1a57197235e88675736a032578a3fd0c"><div class="ttname"><a href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html#a1a57197235e88675736a032578a3fd0c">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::const_buffer_type::pointer</a></div><div class="ttdeci">const byte * pointer</div><div class="ttdoc">Type of the pointer to memory. </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> io_handle.hpp:70</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type_html_af355ceae82988f25cfa34d595550cbcf"><div class="ttname"><a href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1const__buffer__type.html#af355ceae82988f25cfa34d595550cbcf">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::const_buffer_type::len</a></div><div class="ttdeci">size_type len</div><div class="ttdoc">The number of bytes to write from this address. Try to make this a 64 byte multiple, or ideally, a whole multiple of page_size(). </div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> io_handle.hpp:77</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a54790e954f57372b87b095451cc79c38">◆ </a></span>clone()</h2>
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<td class="memname">result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html">handle</a>> afio_v2_xxx::handle::clone </td>
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<p>Clone this handle (copy constructor is disabled to avoid accidental copying)</p>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX dup() or DuplicateHandle() can return. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a616a67222676af5ec5b3aa94d7c02428">◆ </a></span>current_path()</h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a6c4df2242ece6f63ba7ef4e6baafaca6">path_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::handle::current_path </td>
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<p>Returns the current path of the open handle as said by the operating system. Note that you are NOT guaranteed that any path refreshed bears any resemblance to the original, some operating systems will return some different path which still reaches the same inode via some other route e.g. hardlinks, dereferenced symbolic links, etc. Windows and Linux correctly track changes to the specific path the handle was opened with, not getting confused by other hard links. MacOS nearly gets it right, but under some circumstances e.g. renaming may switch to a different hard link's path which is almost certainly a bug.</p>
<p>If AFIO was not able to determine the current path for this open handle e.g. the inode has been unlinked, it returns an empty path. Be aware that FreeBSD can return an empty (deleted) path for file inodes no longer cached by the kernel path cache, AFIO cannot detect the difference. FreeBSD will also return any path leading to the inode if it is hard linked. FreeBSD does implement path retrieval for directory inodes correctly however, and see <code>algorithm::stablized_path<T></code> for a handle adapter which makes use of that.</p>
<p>On Linux if <code>/proc</code> is not mounted, this call fails with an error. All APIs in AFIO which require the use of <code>current_path()</code> can be told to not use it e.g. <code>flag::disable_safety_unlinks</code>. It is up to you to detect if <code>current_path()</code> is not working, and to change how you call AFIO appropriately.</p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd>This call is expensive, it always asks the kernel for the current path, and no checking is done to ensure what the kernel returns is accurate or even sensible. Be aware that despite these precautions, paths are unstable and <b>can change randomly at any moment</b>. Most code written to use absolute file systems paths is <b>racy</b>, so don't do it, use <code>path_handle</code> to fix a base location on the file system and work from that anchor instead!</dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>At least one malloc for the <code>path_type</code>, likely several more. </dd></dl>
<dl class="section see"><dt>See also</dt><dd><code>algorithm::cached_parent_handle_adapter<T></code> which overrides this with an implementation based on retrieving the current path of a cached handle to the parent directory. On platforms with instability or failure to retrieve the correct current path for regular files, the cached parent handle adapter works around the problem by taking advantage of directory inodes not having the same instability problems on any platform. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aa25715985351f79e034bb1ef37f74824">◆ </a></span>do_not_store()</h2>
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<p>Ask the system to unset the dirty flag for the memory represented by the buffer. This will prevent any changes not yet sent to the backing storage from being sent in the future, also if the system kicks out this page and reloads it you may see some edition of the underlying storage instead of what was here. addr and length should be page aligned (see utils::page_sizes()), if not the returned buffer is the region actually undirtied.</p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd>This function destroys the contents of unwritten pages in the region in a totally unpredictable fashion. Only use it if you don't care how much of the region reaches physical storage or not. Note that the region is not necessarily zeroed, and may be randomly zeroed.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section note"><dt>Note</dt><dd>Microsoft Windows does not support unsetting the dirty flag on file backed maps, so on Windows this call does nothing. </dd></dl>
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<td class="memname">virtual result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::lock </td>
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<p>Tries to lock the range of bytes specified for shared or exclusive access. Be aware this passes through the same semantics as the underlying OS call, including any POSIX insanity present on your platform: </p>
<ul>
<li>Any fd closed on an inode must release all byte range locks on that inode for all other fds. If your OS isn't new enough to support the non-insane lock API, <code>flag::byte_lock_insanity</code> will be set in flags() after the first call to this function.</li>
<li>Threads replace each other's locks, indeed locks replace each other's locks.</li>
</ul>
<p>You almost cetainly should use your choice of an <code>algorithm::shared_fs_mutex::*</code> instead of this as those are more portable and performant.</p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd>This is a low-level API which you should not use directly in portable code. Another issue is that atomic lock upgrade/downgrade, if your platform implements that (you should assume it does not in portable code), means that on POSIX you need to <em>release</em> the old <code>extent_guard</code> after creating a new one over the same byte range, otherwise the old <code>extent_guard</code>'s destructor will simply unlock the range entirely. On Windows however upgrade/downgrade locks overlay, so on that platform you must <em>not</em> release the old <code>extent_guard</code>. Look into <code>algorithm::shared_fs_mutex::safe_byte_ranges</code> for a portable solution.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>An extent guard, the destruction of which will call unlock(). </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">offset</td><td>The offset to lock. Note that on POSIX the top bit is always cleared before use as POSIX uses signed transport for offsets. If you want an advisory rather than mandatory lock on Windows, one technique is to force top bit set so the region you lock is not the one you will i/o - obviously this reduces maximum file size to (2^63)-1. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">bytes</td><td>The number of bytes to lock. Zero means lock the entire file using any more efficient alternative algorithm where available on your platform (specifically, on BSD and OS X use flock() for non-insane semantics). </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">exclusive</td><td>Whether the lock is to be exclusive. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">d</td><td>An optional deadline by which the lock must complete, else it is cancelled. </td></tr>
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</dd>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX fcntl() can return, <code>errc::timed_out</code>, <code>errc::not_supported</code> may be returned if deadline i/o is not possible with this particular handle configuration (e.g. non-overlapped HANDLE on Windows). </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>The default synchronous implementation in file_handle performs no memory allocation. The asynchronous implementation in async_file_handle performs one calloc and one free. </dd></dl>
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<td class="memname">result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::lock </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>reqs</em>, </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>d</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()</code> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td>)</td>
<td></td><td></td>
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<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">inline</span><span class="mlabel">noexcept</span><span class="mlabel">inherited</span></span> </td>
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<p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00424"></a><span class="lineno"> 424</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00425"></a><span class="lineno"> 425</span>  <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> bytes = 0;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00426"></a><span class="lineno"> 426</span>  <span class="keywordflow">for</span>(<span class="keyword">auto</span> &i : reqs.buffers)</div><div class="line"><a name="l00427"></a><span class="lineno"> 427</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00428"></a><span class="lineno"> 428</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span>(bytes + i.len < bytes)</div><div class="line"><a name="l00429"></a><span class="lineno"> 429</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00430"></a><span class="lineno"> 430</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> errc::value_too_large;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00431"></a><span class="lineno"> 431</span>  }</div><div class="line"><a name="l00432"></a><span class="lineno"> 432</span>  bytes += i.len;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00433"></a><span class="lineno"> 433</span>  }</div><div class="line"><a name="l00434"></a><span class="lineno"> 434</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">lock</a>(reqs.offset, bytes, <span class="keyword">false</span>, d);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00435"></a><span class="lineno"> 435</span>  }</div><div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::lock</a></div><div class="ttdeci">virtual result< extent_guard > lock(extent_type offset, extent_type bytes, bool exclusive=true, deadline d=deadline()) noexcept</div><div class="ttdoc">Tries to lock the range of bytes specified for shared or exclusive access. Be aware this passes throu...</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aeabd245b6edcfb57779b29c6f2ea9737">◆ </a></span>lock() <span class="overload">[3/3]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::lock </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>reqs</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>d</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()</code> </td>
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<p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00438"></a><span class="lineno"> 438</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00439"></a><span class="lineno"> 439</span>  <span class="keywordtype">size_t</span> bytes = 0;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00440"></a><span class="lineno"> 440</span>  <span class="keywordflow">for</span>(<span class="keyword">auto</span> &i : reqs.buffers)</div><div class="line"><a name="l00441"></a><span class="lineno"> 441</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00442"></a><span class="lineno"> 442</span>  <span class="keywordflow">if</span>(bytes + i.len < bytes)</div><div class="line"><a name="l00443"></a><span class="lineno"> 443</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00444"></a><span class="lineno"> 444</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> errc::value_too_large;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00445"></a><span class="lineno"> 445</span>  }</div><div class="line"><a name="l00446"></a><span class="lineno"> 446</span>  bytes += i.len;</div><div class="line"><a name="l00447"></a><span class="lineno"> 447</span>  }</div><div class="line"><a name="l00448"></a><span class="lineno"> 448</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">lock</a>(reqs.offset, bytes, <span class="keyword">true</span>, d);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00449"></a><span class="lineno"> 449</span>  }</div><div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::lock</a></div><div class="ttdeci">virtual result< extent_guard > lock(extent_type offset, extent_type bytes, bool exclusive=true, deadline d=deadline()) noexcept</div><div class="ttdoc">Tries to lock the range of bytes specified for shared or exclusive access. Be aware this passes throu...</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a9c43d182b257682d320f12f6e6be30b3">◆ </a></span>map() <span class="overload">[1/2]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">static result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a>> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::map </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>bytes</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">section_handle::flag </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>_flag</em> = <code>section_handle::flag::readwrite</code> </td>
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<p>Create new memory and map it into view. </p><dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">bytes</td><td>How many bytes to create and map. Typically will be rounded up to a multiple of the page size (see <code>utils::page_sizes()</code>) on POSIX, 64Kb on Windows. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">_flag</td><td>The permissions with which to map the view. <code>flag::none</code> can be useful for reserving virtual address space without committing system resources, use commit() to later change availability of memory.</td></tr>
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<dl class="section note"><dt>Note</dt><dd>On Microsoft Windows this constructor uses the faster VirtualAlloc() which creates less versatile page backed memory. If you want anonymous memory allocated from a paging file backed section instead, create a page file backed section and then a mapped view from that using the other constructor. This makes available all those very useful VM tricks Windows can do with section mapped memory which VirtualAlloc() memory cannot do.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX mmap() or VirtualAlloc() can return. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aab2f2816821bcde22353855873a34c48">◆ </a></span>map() <span class="overload">[2/2]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">static result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html">map_handle</a>> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::map </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1section__handle.html">section_handle</a> & </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>section</em>, </td>
</tr>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>bytes</em> = <code>0</code>, </td>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>offset</em> = <code>0</code>, </td>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">section_handle::flag </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>_flag</em> = <code>section_handle::flag::readwrite</code> </td>
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<td>)</td>
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<p>Create a memory mapped view of a backing storage, optionally reserving additional address space for later growth. </p><dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">section</td><td>A memory section handle specifying the backing storage to use. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">bytes</td><td>How many bytes to reserve (0 = the size of the section). Rounded up to nearest 64Kb on Windows. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">offset</td><td>The offset into the backing storage to map from. Typically needs to be at least a multiple of the page size (see utils::page_sizes()), on Windows it needs to be a multiple of the kernel memory allocation granularity (typically 64Kb). </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">_flag</td><td>The permissions with which to map the view which are constrained by the permissions of the memory section. <code>flag::none</code> can be useful for reserving virtual address space without committing system resources, use commit() to later change availability of memory.</td></tr>
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</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX mmap() or NtMapViewOfSection() can return. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a4d9cbbb7aae98704c6ad97de080c4210">◆ </a></span>max_buffers()</h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual size_t afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::max_buffers </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramname"></td><td>)</td>
<td> const</td>
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<p>The <em>maximum</em> number of buffers which a single read or write syscall can process at a time for this specific open handle. On POSIX, this is known as <code>IOV_MAX</code>. </p>
<p>Note that the actual number of buffers accepted for a read or a write may be significantly lower than this system-defined limit, depending on available resources. The <code>read()</code> or <code>write()</code> call will return the buffers accepted.</p>
<p>Note also that some OSs will error out if you supply more than this limit to <code>read()</code> or <code>write()</code>, but other OSs do not. Some OSs guarantee that each i/o syscall has effects atomically visible or not to other i/o, other OSs do not.</p>
<p>Microsoft Windows and OS X does not implement scatter-gather file i/o syscalls. Thus this function will always return <code>1</code> in that situation. </p>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ab569da5c3ffa64200f8b10dbe683bbc8">◆ </a></span>prefetch()</h2>
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<td class="memname">static result<<a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::prefetch </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>region</em></td><td>)</td>
<td></td>
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<p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00500"></a><span class="lineno"> 500</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00501"></a><span class="lineno"> 501</span>  OUTCOME_TRY(ret, <a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65">prefetch</a>(span<buffer_type>(&region, 1)));</div><div class="line"><a name="l00502"></a><span class="lineno"> 502</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> *ret.data();</div><div class="line"><a name="l00503"></a><span class="lineno"> 503</span>  }</div><div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle_html_ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1map__handle.html#ae16cb0af9b96f90f87f42318f7d35e65">afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::prefetch</a></div><div class="ttdeci">static result< span< buffer_type > > prefetch(span< buffer_type > regions) noexcept</div><div class="ttdoc">Ask the system to begin to asynchronously prefetch the span of memory regions given, returning the regions actually prefetched. Note that on Windows 7 or earlier the system call to implement this was not available, and so you will see an empty span returned. </div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28">◆ </a></span>read() <span class="overload">[1/3]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a><<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::read </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>reqs</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>d</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()</code> </td>
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<td>)</td>
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<p>Read data from the open handle. </p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd>Depending on the implementation backend, <b>very</b> different buffers may be returned than you supplied. You should <b>always</b> use the buffers returned and assume that they point to different memory and that each buffer's size will have changed.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The buffers read, which may not be the buffers input. The size of each scatter-gather buffer is updated with the number of bytes of that buffer transferred, and the pointer to the data may be <em>completely</em> different to what was submitted (e.g. it may point into a memory map). </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">reqs</td><td>A scatter-gather and offset request. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">d</td><td>An optional deadline by which the i/o must complete, else it is cancelled. Note function may return significantly after this deadline if the i/o takes long to cancel. </td></tr>
</table>
</dd>
</dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX read() can return, <code>errc::timed_out</code>, <code>errc::operation_canceled</code>. <code>errc::not_supported</code> may be returned if deadline i/o is not possible with this particular handle configuration (e.g. reading from regular files on POSIX or reading from a non-overlapped HANDLE on Windows). </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>The default synchronous implementation in file_handle performs no memory allocation. The asynchronous implementation in async_file_handle performs one calloc and one free. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a928a8ab64d5b7d68dc7e2b3e5849df24">◆ </a></span>read() <span class="overload">[2/3]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a><<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::read </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>offset</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramkey"></td>
<td></td>
<td class="paramtype">std::initializer_list< <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> > </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>lst</em>, </td>
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<td></td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>d</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()</code> </td>
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<td></td>
<td>)</td>
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<p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00236"></a><span class="lineno"> 236</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00237"></a><span class="lineno"> 237</span>  buffer_type *_reqs = <span class="keyword">reinterpret_cast<</span>buffer_type *<span class="keyword">></span>(alloca(<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(buffer_type) * lst.size()));</div><div class="line"><a name="l00238"></a><span class="lineno"> 238</span>  memcpy(_reqs, lst.begin(), <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(buffer_type) * lst.size());</div><div class="line"><a name="l00239"></a><span class="lineno"> 239</span>  io_request<buffers_type> reqs(<a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a>(_reqs, lst.size()), offset);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00240"></a><span class="lineno"> 240</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28">read</a>(reqs, d);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00241"></a><span class="lineno"> 241</span>  }</div><div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::buffers_type</a></div><div class="ttdeci">span< buffer_type > buffers_type</div><div class="ttdoc">The scatter buffers type used by this handle. Guaranteed to be TrivialType apart from construction...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> io_handle.hpp:86</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a71d7636f40607829cacc2c974c4a2a28">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::read</a></div><div class="ttdeci">virtual io_result< buffers_type > read(io_request< buffers_type > reqs, deadline d=deadline()) noexcept</div><div class="ttdoc">Read data from the open handle. </div></div>
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<td class="memname">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a><<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::read </td>
<td>(</td>
<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a70a3c5e6f62efc95db81f831f3b90a2c">buffers_type</a> > </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>reqs</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramname"><em>d</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()</code> </td>
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<p>Read data from the mapped view. </p>
<dl class="section note"><dt>Note</dt><dd>Because this implementation never copies memory, you can pass in buffers with a null address.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The buffers read, which will never be the buffers input because they will point into the mapped view. The size of each scatter-gather buffer is updated with the number of bytes of that buffer transferred. </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">reqs</td><td>A scatter-gather and offset request. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">d</td><td>Ignored. </td></tr>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>None, though the various signals and structured exception throws common to using memory maps may occur. </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>None. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#af1610ec7fb0a41f039e3e17e0dc467ab">◆ </a></span>set_append_only()</h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual result<void> afio_v2_xxx::handle::set_append_only </td>
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<p>Changes whether this handle is append only or not.</p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd>On Windows this is implemented as a bit of a hack to make it fast like on POSIX, so make sure you open the handle for read/write originally. Note unlike on POSIX the append_only disposition will be the only one toggled, seekable and readable will remain turned on.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Whatever POSIX fcntl() returns. On Windows nothing is changed on the handle. </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>No memory allocation. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#af9699a9a290ba974184f844c2f6038e8">◆ </a></span>truncate()</h2>
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<td class="memname">result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a0adf7fa00e23ed561328f473986e9ccc">size_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::truncate </td>
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<p>Resize the reservation of the memory map without changing the address (unless the map was zero sized, in which case a new address will be chosen).</p>
<p>If shrinking, address space is released on POSIX, and on Windows if the new size is zero. If the new size is zero, the address is set to null to prevent surprises. Windows does not support modifying existing mapped regions, so if the new size is not zero, the call will probably fail. Windows should let you truncate a previous extension however, if it is exact.</p>
<p>If expanding, an attempt is made to map in new reservation immediately after the current address reservation, thus extending the reservation. If anything else is mapped in after the current reservation, the function fails.</p>
<dl class="section note"><dt>Note</dt><dd>On all supported platforms apart from OS X, proprietary flags exist to avoid performing a map if a map extension cannot be immediately placed after the current map. On OS X, we hint where we'd like the new map to go, but if something is already there OS X will place the map elsewhere. In this situation, we delete the new map and return failure, which is inefficient, but there is nothing else we can do.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The bytes actually reserved. </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
<table class="params">
<tr><td class="paramname">newsize</td><td>The bytes to truncate the map reservation to. Rounded up to the nearest page size (POSIX) or 64Kb on Windows. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">permit_relocation</td><td>Permit the address to change (some OSs provide a syscall for resizing a memory map). </td></tr>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX <code>mremap()</code>, <code>mmap(addr)</code> or <code>VirtualAlloc(addr)</code> can return. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a0a1c4773b9fa7bbd04fee0756075d319">◆ </a></span>try_lock()</h2>
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<td class="memname">result<<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1extent__guard.html">extent_guard</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::try_lock </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1handle.html#a818fff07c92eaab72532092d1c2a14f9">extent_type</a> </td>
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<p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00421"></a><span class="lineno"> 421</span> { <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">lock</a>(offset, bytes, exclusive, deadline(std::chrono::seconds(0))); }</div><div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a88689b15e6e8b6ce1f945737dee4369e">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::lock</a></div><div class="ttdeci">virtual result< extent_guard > lock(extent_type offset, extent_type bytes, bool exclusive=true, deadline d=deadline()) noexcept</div><div class="ttdoc">Tries to lock the range of bytes specified for shared or exclusive access. Be aware this passes throu...</div></div>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#a96b9da71ee7791fbaaa2470c936ec763">◆ </a></span>unlock()</h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual void afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::unlock </td>
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<p>Unlocks a byte range previously locked. </p>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">offset</td><td>The offset to unlock. This should be an offset previously locked. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">bytes</td><td>The number of bytes to unlock. This should be a byte extent previously locked. </td></tr>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX fcntl() can return. </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>None. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01">◆ </a></span>write() <span class="overload">[1/3]</span></h2>
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<td class="memname">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a><<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::write </td>
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<p>Write data to the open handle. </p>
<dl class="section warning"><dt>Warning</dt><dd>Depending on the implementation backend, not all of the buffers input may be written and the some buffers at the end of the returned buffers may return with zero bytes written. For example, with a zeroed deadline, some backends may only consume as many buffers as the system has available write slots for, thus for those backends this call is "non-blocking" in the sense that it will return immediately even if it could not schedule a single buffer write. Another example is that some implementations will not auto-extend the length of a file when a write exceeds the maximum extent, you will need to issue a <code>truncate(newsize)</code> first.</dd></dl>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The buffers written, which may not be the buffers input. The size of each scatter-gather buffer is updated with the number of bytes of that buffer transferred. </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">reqs</td><td>A scatter-gather and offset request. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">d</td><td>An optional deadline by which the i/o must complete, else it is cancelled. Note function may return significantly after this deadline if the i/o takes long to cancel. </td></tr>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the values POSIX write() can return, <code>errc::timed_out</code>, <code>errc::operation_canceled</code>. <code>errc::not_supported</code> may be returned if deadline i/o is not possible with this particular handle configuration (e.g. writing to regular files on POSIX or writing to a non-overlapped HANDLE on Windows). </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>The default synchronous implementation in file_handle performs no memory allocation. The asynchronous implementation in async_file_handle performs one calloc and one free. </dd></dl>
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<p>This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It differs from the above function only in what argument(s) it accepts. </p>
<div class="fragment"><div class="line"><a name="l00269"></a><span class="lineno"> 269</span>  {</div><div class="line"><a name="l00270"></a><span class="lineno"> 270</span>  const_buffer_type *_reqs = <span class="keyword">reinterpret_cast<</span>const_buffer_type *<span class="keyword">></span>(alloca(<span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(const_buffer_type) * lst.size()));</div><div class="line"><a name="l00271"></a><span class="lineno"> 271</span>  memcpy(_reqs, lst.begin(), <span class="keyword">sizeof</span>(const_buffer_type) * lst.size());</div><div class="line"><a name="l00272"></a><span class="lineno"> 272</span>  io_request<const_buffers_type> reqs(<a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a>(_reqs, lst.size()), offset);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00273"></a><span class="lineno"> 273</span>  <span class="keywordflow">return</span> <a class="code" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01">write</a>(reqs, d);</div><div class="line"><a name="l00274"></a><span class="lineno"> 274</span>  }</div><div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::const_buffers_type</a></div><div class="ttdeci">span< const_buffer_type > const_buffers_type</div><div class="ttdoc">The gather buffers type used by this handle. Guaranteed to be TrivialType apart from construction...</div><div class="ttdef"><b>Definition:</b> io_handle.hpp:88</div></div>
<div class="ttc" id="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_html_aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01"><div class="ttname"><a href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#aefac4710e5617264347f437b04732c01">afio_v2_xxx::io_handle::write</a></div><div class="ttdeci">virtual io_result< const_buffers_type > write(io_request< const_buffers_type > reqs, deadline d=deadline()) noexcept</div><div class="ttdoc">Write data to the open handle. </div></div>
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<td class="memname">virtual <a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__result.html">io_result</a><<a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a>> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::write </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1io__request.html">io_request</a>< <a class="el" href="classafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle.html#a639b8760b1b98df95e4956f6cc56f6b5">const_buffers_type</a> > </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>reqs</em>, </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>d</em> = <code><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1deadline.html">deadline</a>()</code> </td>
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<td>)</td>
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<span class="mlabels"><span class="mlabel">inline</span><span class="mlabel">override</span><span class="mlabel">virtual</span><span class="mlabel">noexcept</span></span> </td>
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<p>Write data to the mapped view. </p>
<dl class="section return"><dt>Returns</dt><dd>The buffers written, which will never be the buffers input because they will point at where the data was copied into the mapped view. The size of each scatter-gather buffer is updated with the number of bytes of that buffer transferred. </dd></dl>
<dl class="params"><dt>Parameters</dt><dd>
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<tr><td class="paramname">reqs</td><td>A scatter-gather and offset request. </td></tr>
<tr><td class="paramname">d</td><td>Ignored. </td></tr>
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<dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>None, though the various signals and structured exception throws common to using memory maps may occur. </dd></dl>
<dl class="section user"><dt>Memory Allocations</dt><dd>None. </dd></dl>
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<h2 class="memtitle"><span class="permalink"><a href="#ac35a85e8a6cca721640ddc6b5008e145">◆ </a></span>zero_memory()</h2>
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<td class="memname">result<void> afio_v2_xxx::map_handle::zero_memory </td>
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<td class="paramtype"><a class="el" href="structafio__v2__xxx_1_1io__handle_1_1buffer__type.html">buffer_type</a> </td>
<td class="paramname"><em>region</em></td><td>)</td>
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<p>Zero the memory represented by the buffer. Differs from zero() because it acts on mapped memory, but may call zero() internally.</p>
<p>On Linux, Windows and FreeBSD any full 4Kb pages will be deallocated from the system entirely, including the extents for them in any backing storage. On newer Linux kernels the kernel can additionally swap whole 4Kb pages for freshly zeroed ones making this a very efficient way of zeroing large ranges of memory. </p><dl class="section user"><dt>Errors returnable</dt><dd>Any of the errors returnable by madvise() or DiscardVirtualMemory or the zero() function. </dd></dl>
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<hr/>The documentation for this class was generated from the following file:<ul>
<li>include/afio/v2.0/<a class="el" href="map__handle_8hpp.html">map_handle.hpp</a></li>
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