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Hexo => Hugo主题移植记录 - 赵小黑的博客
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<div class="article-entry marked-body" itemprop="articleBody">
<blockquote>
<p>最近使用<a href="https://gohugo.io/">Hugo</a>作为博客引擎后,闲不下来总想去找一些简单好看的主题.在<a href="https://themes.gohugo.io/">官方的主题列表</a>搜罗了一圈后,选择了<a href="https://github.com/joway/hugo-theme-yinyang">yinyang</a>,非常简单,但是用了一段时间还是想找个功能全点的,无意中瞄到了一个博主的博客,主题特别吸引我,但是是 <code>hexo</code> 平台的,搜了半天也没有人移植,就自己来吧~ 移植的过程中,遇到了挺多问题,也是这些问题慢慢的熟悉了hugo的模板结构.下面就来写一写自己遇到的问题~</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="页面变量参数">页面变量参数</h2>
<blockquote>
<p><a href="https://gohugo.io/variables/">https://gohugo.io/variables/</a></p>
</blockquote>
<p>hugo的页面有基本的变量(我更愿意称为<strong>属性</strong>,根据这些属性来实现我们的主题模板.最主要的有三类:<code>Site</code>, <code>Page</code>, <code>Taxonomy</code>.</p>
<h3 id="site">.Site</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>站点相关的属性,即config.toml(yml)文件中的配置.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>在页面模板中,我们可以使用<code>{{- .Site.Autor }}</code>这样的方式来获取你想要的站点属性.具体的站点属性可以查看<a href="https://gohugo.io/variables/site/">https://gohugo.io/variables/site/</a>. <code>.Site</code> 属于全局配置,在 <strong>作用域</strong> 得当的情况下是可以正常调用的.非正常情况我们下面再讲.</p>
<h4 id="常用属性">常用属性</h4>
<ol>
<li><p><code>.Site.Pages</code> : 获取所有文章(包含生成的一些分类页,比如说 <code>标签页</code>),按时间倒序排序.返回是一个数组.我们经常用来渲染一个列表.比如 <code>归档</code> 页面.</p></li>
<li><p><code>.Site.Taxonomies</code> : 获取所有的分类(这里的分类是广义上的),可以获取到按<code>tag</code>分类的集合,也可以获取到按<code>category</code>分类的集合,可以用这个属性来完成<code>分类</code>的页面.下面这段代码就代表着我可以拿到所有的 <code>分类页</code> ,循环得到分类页的链接和标题.</p></li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-html">{{- range .Site.Taxonomies.categories }}
<li><a href="{{ .Page.Permalink }}">{{ .Page.Title }}</a></li>
{{- end }}
</code></pre>
<ol start="3">
<li><code>.Site.Params</code> 可以获取到我们在<code>config.toml</code>的<code>Params</code>标签下设置的内容.也是很重要的属性.比如说下面的例子.我可以设置日期的格式化样式,展示成你想要的类型.</li>
</ol>
<pre><code class="language-html"><p>{{ .Date.Format (.Site.Params.dateFormatToUse | default "2006-01-02")}}</p>
</code></pre>
<h3 id="page">.Page</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>页面中定义的属性.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>页面属性可以大致分为两部分,一个是<code>Hugo</code>原生的属性,一个是每一篇文章的文件头,即<code>front matter</code>中的属性.具体的属性可以在<a href="https://gohugo.io/variables/page/查看">https://gohugo.io/variables/page/查看</a>. 在一个页面的作用域中使用时可以直接调用.比如我们想要知道页面的创建日期就可以直接 <code>{{ .Date }}</code> 即可.</p>
<h4 id="常用属性-1">常用属性</h4>
<ol>
<li><code>.Date/.Title/.ReadingTime/.WordCount</code> 见名知意</li>
<li><code>.Permalink/.RelPermalink</code> 永久链接及相对连接</li>
<li><code>.Summary</code> 摘要,默认70字</li>
<li><code>.Pages</code> 为什么页面中还有一个这样的属性呢? <code>Page</code>是包含生成的<code>分类页</code>, <code>标签页</code>的,所有当处于这些页面时会返回一个集合,若是我们自己真正写的文件,即<code>markdown</code>文件,会返回<code>nil</code>的.</li>
</ol>
<h4 id="taxonomies">.Taxonomies</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>用作内容分类的管理. 我们经常在写文章时会写上 <code>categories</code> 或者 <code>tags</code>, 这些标签类目就是 <code>.Taxonomies</code> 的集中展示, <code>Hugo</code> 默认会有 <code>categories</code> 和 <code>tags</code> 两种分类. 你也可以自己再自定义设置. 具体参考: <a href="https://gohugo.io/content-management/taxonomies">https://gohugo.io/content-management/taxonomies</a></p>
</blockquote>
<h4 id="使用案例">使用案例</h4>
<blockquote>
<p>官方提供了多种 <code>Template</code> 实现常用的遍历.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>我通常会用来写标签页(<code>tags</code>)和分类页(<code>categories</code>). 直接调用 <code>.Taxonomies</code> 会获得所有的分类项(即: <code>tags</code>, <code>categories</code>, <code>自定义分类项</code>), <code>.Taxonomies.tags</code> 就可以获得所有的标签,以及标签下的所有文章.以下就是我的主题中 <code>标签</code> 页的实现逻辑.</p>
<pre><code class="language-html">{{- $tags := .Site.Taxonomies.tags }}
<main class="main" role="main">
<article class="article article-tags post-type-list" itemscope="">
<header class="article-header">
<h1 itemprop="name" class="hidden-xs">{{- .Title }}</h1>
<p class="text-muted hidden-xs">{{- T "total_tag" (len $tags) }}</p>
<nav role="navigation" id="nav-main" class="okayNav">
<ul>
<li><a href="{{- "tags" | relURL }}">{{- T "nav_all" }}</a></li>
{{- range $tags }}
<li><a href="{{ .Page.Permalink }}">{{ .Page.Title }}</a></li>
{{- end }}
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<!-- /header -->
<div class="article-body">
{{- range $name, $taxonomy := $tags }}
<h3 class="panel-title mb-1x">
<a href="{{ "/tags/" | relURL}}{{ $name | urlize }}" title="#{{- $name }}"># {{ $name }}</a>
<small class="text-muted">(Total {{- .Count }} articles)</small>
</h3>
<div class="row">
{{- range $taxonomy }}
<div class="col-md-6">
{{ .Page.Scratch.Set "type" "card"}}
{{- partial "item-post.html" . }}
</div>
{{- end }}
</div>
{{- end }}
</div>
</article>
</main>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="上下文传递">上下文传递</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>刚开始写 Hugo 的页面时,最让我头疼的地方就在在于此.现在想想他的逻辑是很标准的.不同的代码块上下文隔离.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>在Hugo中,上下文的传递一般是靠<code>.</code>符号来完成的. 用的最多的就是再组装页面时,需要将当前页面的作用域传递到 <code>partial</code> 的页面中去以便组装进来的页面可以获得当前页面的属性.</p>
<p>以下是我的 <code>baseof.html</code> 页面, 可以看到 <code>partial</code> 相关的代码中都有 <code>.</code> 符号, 这里就是将当前页面的属性传递下去了, 其他页面也就可以正常使用该页面的属性了.</p>
<pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ .Site.Language }}">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<title>
{{- block "title" . -}}
{{ if .IsPage }}
{{ .Title }} - {{ .Site.Title }}
{{ else}}
{{ .Site.Title}}{{ end }}
{{- end -}}
</title>
{{ partial "head.html" . }}
</head>
<body class="main-center" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">
{{- partial "header.html" .}}
{{- if and (.Site.Params.sidebar) (or (ne .Params.sidebar "none") (ne .Params.sidebar "custom"))}}
{{- partial "sidebar.html" . }}
{{end}}
{{ block "content" . }}{{ end }}
{{- partial "footer.html" . }}
{{- partial "script.html" . }}
</body>
</html>
</code></pre>
<h2 id="页面组织">页面组织</h2>
<h3 id="baseofhtml">baseof.html</h3>
<p><code>baseof</code> 可以理解为一种模板,符合规范定义的页面都会按照 <code>baseof.html</code> 的框架完成最后的渲染,具体可以查看<a href="https://gohugo.io/templates/base/">官网页</a>, 以本次移植主题的 <code>baseof.html</code> 来说一下.</p>
<pre><code class="language-html"><!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="{{ .Site.Language }}">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" />
<title>
{{- block "title" . -}}
{{ if .IsPage }}
{{ .Title }} - {{ .Site.Title }}
{{ else}}
{{ .Site.Title}}{{ end }}
{{- end -}}
</title>
{{ partial "head.html" . }}
</head>
<body class="main-center" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage">
{{- partial "header.html" .}}
{{- if and (.Site.Params.sidebar) (or (ne .Params.sidebar "none") (ne .Params.sidebar "custom"))}}
{{- partial "sidebar.html" . }}
{{end}}
{{ block "content" . }}{{ end }}
{{- partial "footer.html" . }}
{{- partial "script.html" . }}
</body>
</html>
</code></pre>
<p>可以看到上面的页面中就是一个完整的 <code>HTML</code> 结构,我在其中组装了很多页面,比如<code>head</code>,<code>header</code>,<code>footer</code>等等,这些在最后渲染的时候都会加入进来组成一个完整的页面.</p>
<p>在上面还有一个关键字 <strong>block</strong>, 比如 <code>{{ block "title" }}</code>, <code>{{ block "content"}}</code>.该关键字允许你自定义一个模板嵌进来, 只要按照规定的方式来.比如说我的文章页 <code>single.html</code>.</p>
<pre><code class="language-html">{{- define "content"}}
<main class="main" role="main">
{{- partial "article.html" . }}
</main>
{{- end}}
</code></pre>
<p>这里我们定义了 <code>content</code> 的模板, 和 <code>baseof.html</code> 的模板呼应,在渲染一篇文章时,就会将<code>single.html</code> 嵌入 <code>baseof.html</code> 生成最后的页面了.</p>
<h3 id="模板页面查询规则">模板页面查询规则</h3>
<p>Hugo要怎么知道文章页还是标签页对应的模板是什么呢?答案: 有一套以多个属性作为依据的查询各类模板的标准.具体可以查看<a href="https://gohugo.io/templates/lookup-order/">官网页</a>.</p>
<p>以文章页来举例, <code>Hugo</code> 官网上的内容页寻址规则如下:</p>
<p><figure><img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/xiaoheiAh/imgs/master/20191015150712.png" alt="single-lookup-order"></figure></p>
<p>由上可见,会按照该顺序依次往下找,我一般会写在<code>layouts/_default/single.html</code> 下,这样可以在所有页面下通用.</p>
<p>这里有个小坑也是之前文档没看好遇到的: 标签页和分类页这种对应的查找规则要按照<a href="https://gohugo.io/templates/lookup-order/#examples-layout-lookup-for-taxonomy-terms-pages">该指引</a>.</p>
<h2 id="参考">参考</h2>
<ol>
<li><a href="https://harmstyler.me/posts/2019/how-to-pass-variables-to-a-partial-template-in-hugo/">https://harmstyler.me/posts/2019/how-to-pass-variables-to-a-partial-template-in-hugo/</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.qikqiak.com/post/hugo-integrated-algolia-search/">https://www.qikqiak.com/post/hugo-integrated-algolia-search/</a></li>
</ol>
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