package limithandler

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/v16/internal/gitaly/config"
	"gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/v16/internal/grpc/middleware/requestinfohandler"
	"gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/v16/internal/helper"
	"gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/v16/internal/limiter"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"
)

// GetLockKey function defines the lock key of an RPC invocation based on its context
type GetLockKey func(context.Context) string

// LimitConcurrencyByRepo implements GetLockKey by using the repository path as lock.
func LimitConcurrencyByRepo(ctx context.Context) string {
	if info := requestinfohandler.Extract(ctx); info != nil {
		return info.Repository.GetRelativePath()
	}

	return ""
}

// LimiterMiddleware contains rate limiter state
type LimiterMiddleware struct {
	methodLimiters        map[string]limiter.Limiter
	getLockKey            GetLockKey
	requestsDroppedMetric *prometheus.CounterVec
	collect               func(metrics chan<- prometheus.Metric)
}

// New creates a new middleware that limits requests. SetupFunc sets up the
// middlware with a specific kind of limiter.
func New(cfg config.Cfg, getLockKey GetLockKey, setupMiddleware SetupFunc) *LimiterMiddleware {
	middleware := &LimiterMiddleware{
		getLockKey: getLockKey,
		requestsDroppedMetric: prometheus.NewCounterVec(
			prometheus.CounterOpts{
				Name: "gitaly_requests_dropped_total",
				Help: "Number of requests dropped from the queue",
			},
			[]string{
				"system",
				"grpc_service",
				"grpc_method",
				"reason",
			},
		),
	}

	setupMiddleware(cfg, middleware)

	return middleware
}

// Describe is used to describe Prometheus metrics.
func (c *LimiterMiddleware) Describe(descs chan<- *prometheus.Desc) {
	prometheus.DescribeByCollect(c, descs)
}

// Collect is used to collect Prometheus metrics.
func (c *LimiterMiddleware) Collect(metrics chan<- prometheus.Metric) {
	c.requestsDroppedMetric.Collect(metrics)
	if c.collect != nil {
		c.collect(metrics)
	}
}

// UnaryInterceptor returns a Unary Interceptor
func (c *LimiterMiddleware) UnaryInterceptor() grpc.UnaryServerInterceptor {
	return func(ctx context.Context, req interface{}, info *grpc.UnaryServerInfo, handler grpc.UnaryHandler) (interface{}, error) {
		lockKey := c.getLockKey(ctx)
		if lockKey == "" {
			return handler(ctx, req)
		}

		limiter := c.methodLimiters[info.FullMethod]
		if limiter == nil {
			// No concurrency limiting
			return handler(ctx, req)
		}

		return limiter.Limit(ctx, lockKey, func() (interface{}, error) {
			return handler(ctx, req)
		})
	}
}

// StreamInterceptor returns a Stream Interceptor
func (c *LimiterMiddleware) StreamInterceptor() grpc.StreamServerInterceptor {
	return func(srv interface{}, stream grpc.ServerStream, info *grpc.StreamServerInfo, handler grpc.StreamHandler) error {
		wrapper := &wrappedStream{stream, info, c, true}
		return handler(srv, wrapper)
	}
}

// SetupFunc set up a middleware to limiting requests
type SetupFunc func(cfg config.Cfg, middleware *LimiterMiddleware)

type wrappedStream struct {
	grpc.ServerStream
	info              *grpc.StreamServerInfo
	limiterMiddleware *LimiterMiddleware
	initial           bool
}

func (w *wrappedStream) RecvMsg(m interface{}) error {
	if err := w.ServerStream.RecvMsg(m); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Only perform limiting on the first request of a stream
	if !w.initial {
		return nil
	}

	w.initial = false

	ctx := w.Context()

	lockKey := w.limiterMiddleware.getLockKey(ctx)
	if lockKey == "" {
		return nil
	}

	limiter := w.limiterMiddleware.methodLimiters[w.info.FullMethod]
	if limiter == nil {
		// No concurrency limiting
		return nil
	}

	ready := make(chan struct{})
	errs := make(chan error)
	go func() {
		if _, err := limiter.Limit(ctx, lockKey, func() (interface{}, error) {
			close(ready)
			<-ctx.Done()
			return nil, nil
		}); err != nil {
			errs <- err
		}
	}()

	select {
	case <-ctx.Done():
		return ctx.Err()
	case <-ready:
		// It's our turn!
		return nil
	case err := <-errs:
		return err
	}
}

// WithConcurrencyLimiters sets up middleware to limit the concurrency of
// requests based on RPC and repository
func WithConcurrencyLimiters(cfg config.Cfg) (map[string]*limiter.AdaptiveLimit, SetupFunc) {
	perRPCLimits := map[string]*limiter.AdaptiveLimit{}
	for _, concurrency := range cfg.Concurrency {
		limitName := fmt.Sprintf("perRPC%s", concurrency.RPC)
		if concurrency.Adaptive {
			perRPCLimits[concurrency.RPC] = limiter.NewAdaptiveLimit(limitName, limiter.AdaptiveSetting{
				Initial:       concurrency.InitialLimit,
				Max:           concurrency.MaxLimit,
				Min:           concurrency.MinLimit,
				BackoffFactor: limiter.DefaultBackoffFactor,
			})
		} else {
			perRPCLimits[concurrency.RPC] = limiter.NewAdaptiveLimit(limitName, limiter.AdaptiveSetting{
				Initial: concurrency.MaxPerRepo,
			})
		}
	}
	return perRPCLimits, func(cfg config.Cfg, middleware *LimiterMiddleware) {
		acquiringSecondsMetric := prometheus.NewHistogramVec(
			prometheus.HistogramOpts{
				Namespace: "gitaly",
				Subsystem: "concurrency_limiting",
				Name:      "acquiring_seconds",
				Help:      "Histogram of time calls are rate limited (in seconds)",
				Buckets:   cfg.Prometheus.GRPCLatencyBuckets,
			},
			[]string{"system", "grpc_service", "grpc_method"},
		)
		inProgressMetric := prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
			prometheus.GaugeOpts{
				Namespace: "gitaly",
				Subsystem: "concurrency_limiting",
				Name:      "in_progress",
				Help:      "Gauge of number of concurrent in-progress calls",
			},
			[]string{"system", "grpc_service", "grpc_method"},
		)
		queuedMetric := prometheus.NewGaugeVec(
			prometheus.GaugeOpts{
				Namespace: "gitaly",
				Subsystem: "concurrency_limiting",
				Name:      "queued",
				Help:      "Gauge of number of queued calls",
			},
			[]string{"system", "grpc_service", "grpc_method"},
		)

		middleware.collect = func(metrics chan<- prometheus.Metric) {
			acquiringSecondsMetric.Collect(metrics)
			inProgressMetric.Collect(metrics)
			queuedMetric.Collect(metrics)
		}

		result := make(map[string]limiter.Limiter)
		for _, concurrency := range cfg.Concurrency {
			concurrency := concurrency

			result[concurrency.RPC] = limiter.NewConcurrencyLimiter(
				perRPCLimits[concurrency.RPC],
				concurrency.MaxQueueSize,
				concurrency.MaxQueueWait.Duration(),
				limiter.NewPerRPCPromMonitor(
					"gitaly", concurrency.RPC,
					queuedMetric, inProgressMetric, acquiringSecondsMetric, middleware.requestsDroppedMetric,
				),
			)
		}

		// Set default for ReplicateRepository.
		replicateRepositoryFullMethod := "/gitaly.RepositoryService/ReplicateRepository"
		if _, ok := result[replicateRepositoryFullMethod]; !ok {
			result[replicateRepositoryFullMethod] = limiter.NewConcurrencyLimiter(
				limiter.NewAdaptiveLimit("staticLimit", limiter.AdaptiveSetting{Initial: 1}),
				0,
				0,
				limiter.NewPerRPCPromMonitor(
					"gitaly", replicateRepositoryFullMethod,
					queuedMetric, inProgressMetric, acquiringSecondsMetric, middleware.requestsDroppedMetric,
				),
			)
		}

		middleware.methodLimiters = result
	}
}

// WithRateLimiters sets up a middleware with limiters that limit requests
// based on its rate per second per RPC
func WithRateLimiters(ctx context.Context) SetupFunc {
	return func(cfg config.Cfg, middleware *LimiterMiddleware) {
		result := make(map[string]limiter.Limiter)

		for _, limitCfg := range cfg.RateLimiting {
			if limitCfg.Burst > 0 && limitCfg.Interval > 0 {
				serviceName, methodName := splitMethodName(limitCfg.RPC)
				rateLimiter := limiter.NewRateLimiter(
					limitCfg.Interval.Duration(),
					limitCfg.Burst,
					helper.NewTimerTicker(5*time.Minute),
					middleware.requestsDroppedMetric.With(prometheus.Labels{
						"system":       "gitaly",
						"grpc_service": serviceName,
						"grpc_method":  methodName,
						"reason":       "rate",
					}),
				)
				result[limitCfg.RPC] = rateLimiter
				go rateLimiter.PruneUnusedLimiters(ctx)
			}
		}

		middleware.methodLimiters = result
	}
}

func splitMethodName(fullMethodName string) (string, string) {
	fullMethodName = strings.TrimPrefix(fullMethodName, "/") // remove leading slash
	service, method, ok := strings.Cut(fullMethodName, "/")
	if !ok {
		return "unknown", "unknown"
	}
	return service, method
}