Add structured logging for Rails processes

This introduces JSON logging for Rails views saved to a file called
`development_json.log`, `production_json.log`, etc.

For example, instead of this unparsable log:

```
Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2012-03-10 14:28:14 +0100
Processing by HomeController#index as HTML
  Rendered text template within layouts/application (0.0ms)
  Rendered layouts/_assets.html.erb (2.0ms)
  Rendered layouts/_top.html.erb (2.6ms)
  Rendered layouts/_about.html.erb (0.3ms)
  Rendered layouts/_google_analytics.html.erb (0.4ms)
Completed 200 OK in 79ms (Views: 78.8ms | ActiveRecord: 0.0ms)
```

We get a single line with this:

```
{"method":"GET","path":"/,"format":"html","controller":"HomeController","action":"index","status":200,"duration":79,"view":78.8,"db":0.0,"location":"http://localhost/","time":"2017-07-18 09:35:17 -0700"}
```

Part of #20060

1 files changed, 3 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Gemfile b/Gemfile
index abf9f323fb4..ddda5901a08 100644
--- a/Gemfile
+++ b/Gemfile
@@ -390,3 +390,6 @@ gem 'toml-rb', '~> 0.3.15', require: false
 # Feature toggles
 gem 'flipper', '~> 0.10.2'
 gem 'flipper-active_record', '~> 0.10.2'
+
+# Structured logging
+gem 'lograge', '~> 0.5'