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diff --git a/doc/development/shell_commands.md b/doc/development/shell_commands.md deleted file mode 100644 index 821027f43fa..00000000000 --- a/doc/development/shell_commands.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,179 +0,0 @@ -# Guidelines for shell commands in the GitLab codebase - -This document contains guidelines for working with processes and files in the GitLab codebase. -These guidelines are meant to make your code more reliable _and_ secure. - -## References - -- [Google Ruby Security Reviewer's Guide](https://code.google.com/p/ruby-security/wiki/Guide) -- [OWASP Command Injection](https://www.owasp.org/index.php/Command_Injection) -- [Ruby on Rails Security Guide Command Line Injection](http://guides.rubyonrails.org/security.html#command-line-injection) - -## Use File and FileUtils instead of shell commands - -Sometimes we invoke basic Unix commands via the shell when there is also a Ruby API for doing it. Use the Ruby API if it exists. <http://www.ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.0.0/libdoc/fileutils/rdoc/FileUtils.html#module-FileUtils-label-Module+Functions> - -```ruby -# Wrong -system "mkdir -p tmp/special/directory" -# Better (separate tokens) -system *%W(mkdir -p tmp/special/directory) -# Best (do not use a shell command) -FileUtils.mkdir_p "tmp/special/directory" - -# Wrong -contents = `cat #{filename}` -# Correct -contents = File.read(filename) - -# Sometimes a shell command is just the best solution. The example below has no -# user input, and is hard to implement correctly in Ruby: delete all files and -# directories older than 120 minutes under /some/path, but not /some/path -# itself. -Gitlab::Popen.popen(%W(find /some/path -not -path /some/path -mmin +120 -delete)) -``` - -This coding style could have prevented CVE-2013-4490. - -## Bypass the shell by splitting commands into separate tokens - -When we pass shell commands as a single string to Ruby, Ruby will let `/bin/sh` evaluate the entire string. Essentially, we are asking the shell to evaluate a one-line script. This creates a risk for shell injection attacks. It is better to split the shell command into tokens ourselves. Sometimes we use the scripting capabilities of the shell to change the working directory or set environment variables. All of this can also be achieved securely straight from Ruby - -```ruby -# Wrong -system "cd /home/git/gitlab && bundle exec rake db:#{something} RAILS_ENV=production" -# Correct -system({'RAILS_ENV' => 'production'}, *%W(bundle exec rake db:#{something}), chdir: '/home/git/gitlab') - -# Wrong -system "touch #{myfile}" -# Better -system "touch", myfile -# Best (do not run a shell command at all) -FileUtils.touch myfile -``` - -This coding style could have prevented CVE-2013-4546. - -## Separate options from arguments with -- - -Make the difference between options and arguments clear to the argument parsers of system commands with `--`. This is supported by many but not all Unix commands. - -To understand what `--` does, consider the problem below. - -``` -# Example -$ echo hello > -l -$ cat -l -cat: illegal option -- l -usage: cat [-benstuv] [file ...] -``` - -In the example above, the argument parser of `cat` assumes that `-l` is an option. The solution in the example above is to make it clear to `cat` that `-l` is really an argument, not an option. Many Unix command line tools follow the convention of separating options from arguments with `--`. - -``` -# Example (continued) -$ cat -- -l -hello -``` - -In the GitLab codebase, we avoid the option/argument ambiguity by _always_ using `--`. - -```ruby -# Wrong -system(*%W(git branch -d #{branch_name})) -# Correct -system(*%W(git branch -d -- #{branch_name})) -``` - -This coding style could have prevented CVE-2013-4582. - -## Do not use the backticks - -Capturing the output of shell commands with backticks reads nicely, but you are forced to pass the command as one string to the shell. We explained above that this is unsafe. In the main GitLab codebase, the solution is to use `Gitlab::Popen.popen` instead. - -```ruby -# Wrong -logs = `cd #{repo_dir} && git log` -# Correct -logs, exit_status = Gitlab::Popen.popen(%W(git log), repo_dir) - -# Wrong -user = `whoami` -# Correct -user, exit_status = Gitlab::Popen.popen(%W(whoami)) -``` - -In other repositories, such as gitlab-shell you can also use `IO.popen`. - -```ruby -# Safe IO.popen example -logs = IO.popen(%W(git log), chdir: repo_dir) { |p| p.read } -``` - -Note that unlike `Gitlab::Popen.popen`, `IO.popen` does not capture standard error. - -## Avoid user input at the start of path strings - -Various methods for opening and reading files in Ruby can be used to read the -standard output of a process instead of a file. The following two commands do -roughly the same: - -``` -`touch /tmp/pawned-by-backticks` -File.read('|touch /tmp/pawned-by-file-read') -``` - -The key is to open a 'file' whose name starts with a `|`. -Affected methods include Kernel#open, File::read, File::open, IO::open and IO::read. - -You can protect against this behavior of 'open' and 'read' by ensuring that an -attacker cannot control the start of the filename string you are opening. For -instance, the following is sufficient to protect against accidentally starting -a shell command with `|`: - -``` -# we assume repo_path is not controlled by the attacker (user) -path = File.join(repo_path, user_input) -# path cannot start with '|' now. -File.read(path) -``` - -If you have to use user input a relative path, prefix `./` to the path. - -Prefixing user-supplied paths also offers extra protection against paths -starting with `-` (see the discussion about using `--` above). - -## Guard against path traversal - -Path traversal is a security where the program (GitLab) tries to restrict user -access to a certain directory on disk, but the user manages to open a file -outside that directory by taking advantage of the `../` path notation. - -``` -# Suppose the user gave us a path and they are trying to trick us -user_input = '../other-repo.git/other-file' - -# We look up the repo path somewhere -repo_path = 'repositories/user-repo.git' - -# The intention of the code below is to open a file under repo_path, but -# because the user used '..' she can 'break out' into -# 'repositories/other-repo.git' -full_path = File.join(repo_path, user_input) -File.open(full_path) do # Oops! -``` - -A good way to protect against this is to compare the full path with its -'absolute path' according to Ruby's `File.absolute_path`. - -``` -full_path = File.join(repo_path, user_input) -if full_path != File.absolute_path(full_path) - raise "Invalid path: #{full_path.inspect}" -end - -File.open(full_path) do # Etc. -``` - -A check like this could have avoided CVE-2013-4583. |