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diff --git a/doc/raketasks/backup_restore.md b/doc/raketasks/backup_restore.md index d14263f660a..33917ca9410 100644 --- a/doc/raketasks/backup_restore.md +++ b/doc/raketasks/backup_restore.md @@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ backups with your object storage provider, if desired. To be able to back up and restore, ensure that Rsync is installed on your system. If you installed GitLab: -- _Using the Omnibus package_, you're all set. -- _From source_, you need to determine if `rsync` is installed. For example: +- _Using the Omnibus package_, Rsync is already installed. +- _From source_, check if `rsync` is installed. If Rsync is not installed, install it. For example: ```shell # Debian/Ubuntu @@ -36,1281 +36,46 @@ system. If you installed GitLab: sudo yum install rsync ``` -## Backup timestamp - -The backup archive is saved in `backup_path`, which is specified in the -`config/gitlab.yml` file. The filename is `[TIMESTAMP]_gitlab_backup.tar`, -where `TIMESTAMP` identifies the time at which each backup was created, plus -the GitLab version. The timestamp is needed if you need to restore GitLab and -multiple backups are available. - -For example, if the backup name is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar`, -the timestamp is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce`. - -## Back up GitLab - -GitLab provides a command line interface to back up your entire instance, -including: - -- Database -- Attachments -- Git repositories data -- CI/CD job output logs -- CI/CD job artifacts -- LFS objects -- Terraform states ([introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/331806) in GitLab 14.7) -- Container Registry images -- GitLab Pages content -- Packages ([introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/332006) in GitLab 14.7) -- Snippets -- [Group wikis](../user/project/wiki/group.md) - -Backups do not include: - -- [Mattermost data](https://docs.mattermost.com/administration/config-settings.html#file-storage) -- Redis (and thus Sidekiq jobs) - -WARNING: -GitLab does not back up any configuration files (`/etc/gitlab`), TLS keys and certificates, or system -files. You are highly advised to read about [storing configuration files](#storing-configuration-files). - -WARNING: -The backup command requires [additional parameters](#back-up-and-restore-for-installations-using-pgbouncer) when -your installation is using PgBouncer, for either performance reasons or when using it with a Patroni cluster. - -Depending on your version of GitLab, use the following command if you installed -GitLab using the Omnibus package: - -- GitLab 12.2 or later: - - ```shell - sudo gitlab-backup create - ``` - -- GitLab 12.1 and earlier: - - ```shell - gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create - ``` - -If you installed GitLab from source, use the following command: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -If you're running GitLab from within a Docker container, run the backup from -the host, based on your installed version of GitLab: - -- GitLab 12.2 or later: - - ```shell - docker exec -t <container name> gitlab-backup create - ``` - -- GitLab 12.1 and earlier: - - ```shell - docker exec -t <container name> gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create - ``` - -If you're using the [GitLab Helm chart](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab) -on a Kubernetes cluster, you can run the backup task by using `kubectl` to run the `backup-utility` -script on the GitLab toolbox pod. For more details, see the -[charts backup documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/backup-restore/backup.html). - -Similar to the Kubernetes case, if you have scaled out your GitLab cluster to -use multiple application servers, you should pick a designated node (that isn't -auto-scaled away) for running the backup Rake task. Because the backup Rake -task is tightly coupled to the main Rails application, this is typically a node -on which you're also running Puma or Sidekiq. - -Example output: - -```plaintext -Dumping database tables: -- Dumping table events... [DONE] -- Dumping table issues... [DONE] -- Dumping table keys... [DONE] -- Dumping table merge_requests... [DONE] -- Dumping table milestones... [DONE] -- Dumping table namespaces... [DONE] -- Dumping table notes... [DONE] -- Dumping table projects... [DONE] -- Dumping table protected_branches... [DONE] -- Dumping table schema_migrations... [DONE] -- Dumping table services... [DONE] -- Dumping table snippets... [DONE] -- Dumping table taggings... [DONE] -- Dumping table tags... [DONE] -- Dumping table users... [DONE] -- Dumping table users_projects... [DONE] -- Dumping table web_hooks... [DONE] -- Dumping table wikis... [DONE] -Dumping repositories: -- Dumping repository abcd... [DONE] -Creating backup archive: $TIMESTAMP_gitlab_backup.tar [DONE] -Deleting tmp directories...[DONE] -Deleting old backups... [SKIPPING] -``` - -### Storing configuration files - -The [backup Rake task](#back-up-gitlab) GitLab provides does _not_ store your -configuration files. The primary reason for this is that your database contains -items including encrypted information for two-factor authentication and the -CI/CD _secure variables_. Storing encrypted information in the same location -as its key defeats the purpose of using encryption in the first place. - -WARNING: -The secrets file is essential to preserve your database encryption key. - -At the very **minimum**, you must back up: - -For Omnibus: - -- `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` -- `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` - -For installation from source: - -- `/home/git/gitlab/config/secrets.yml` -- `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml` - -For [Docker installations](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/docker/), you must -back up the volume where the configuration files are stored. If you created -the GitLab container according to the documentation, it should be in the -`/srv/gitlab/config` directory. - -For [GitLab Helm chart installations](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab) -on a Kubernetes cluster, you must follow the -[Back up the secrets](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/backup-restore/backup.html#backup-the-secrets) -instructions. - -You may also want to back up any TLS keys and certificates (`/etc/gitlab/ssl`, `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs`), and your -[SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079) -to avoid man-in-the-middle attack warnings if you have to perform a full machine restore. - -If you use Omnibus GitLab, review additional information to -[backup your configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/backups.html). - -In the unlikely event that the secrets file is lost, see the -[troubleshooting section](#when-the-secrets-file-is-lost). - -### Backup options - -The command line tool GitLab provides to backup your instance can accept more -options. - -#### Backup strategy option - -The default backup strategy is to essentially stream data from the respective -data locations to the backup using the Linux command `tar` and `gzip`. This works -fine in most cases, but can cause problems when data is rapidly changing. - -When data changes while `tar` is reading it, the error `file changed as we read -it` may occur, and causes the backup process to fail. To combat this, 8.17 -introduces a new backup strategy called `copy`. The strategy copies data files -to a temporary location before calling `tar` and `gzip`, avoiding the error. - -A side-effect is that the backup process takes up to an additional 1X disk -space. The process does its best to clean up the temporary files at each stage -so the problem doesn't compound, but it could be a considerable change for large -installations. This is why the `copy` strategy is not the default in 8.17. - -To use the `copy` strategy instead of the default streaming strategy, specify -`STRATEGY=copy` in the Rake task command. For example: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create STRATEGY=copy -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -#### Backup filename - -WARNING: -If you use a custom backup filename, you can't -[limit the lifetime of the backups](#limit-backup-lifetime-for-local-files-prune-old-backups). - -By default, a backup file is created according to the specification in the -previous [Backup timestamp](#backup-timestamp) section. You can, however, -override the `[TIMESTAMP]` portion of the filename by setting the `BACKUP` -environment variable. For example: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create BACKUP=dump -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -The resulting file is named `dump_gitlab_backup.tar`. This is useful for -systems that make use of rsync and incremental backups, and results in -considerably faster transfer speeds. - -#### Confirm archive can be transferred - -To ensure the generated archive is transferable by rsync, you can set the `GZIP_RSYNCABLE=yes` -option. This sets the `--rsyncable` option to `gzip`, which is useful only in -combination with setting [the Backup filename option](#backup-filename). - -Note that the `--rsyncable` option in `gzip` isn't guaranteed to be available -on all distributions. To verify that it's available in your distribution, run -`gzip --help` or consult the man pages. - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create BACKUP=dump GZIP_RSYNCABLE=yes -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -#### Excluding specific directories from the backup - -You can exclude specific directories from the backup by adding the environment variable `SKIP`, whose values are a comma-separated list of the following options: - -- `db` (database) -- `uploads` (attachments) -- `builds` (CI job output logs) -- `artifacts` (CI job artifacts) -- `lfs` (LFS objects) -- `terraform_state` (Terraform states) -- `registry` (Container Registry images) -- `pages` (Pages content) -- `repositories` (Git repositories data) -- `packages` (Packages) - -All wikis are backed up as part of the `repositories` group. Non-existent wikis are skipped during a backup. - -NOTE: -When [backing up and restoring Helm Charts](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/architecture/backup-restore.html), there is an additional option `packages`, which refers to any packages managed by the GitLab [package registry](../user/packages/package_registry/index.md). -For more information see [command line arguments](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/architecture/backup-restore.html#command-line-arguments). - -All wikis are backed up as part of the `repositories` group. Non-existent -wikis are skipped during a backup. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create SKIP=db,uploads -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -For installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=db,uploads RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -#### Skipping tar creation - -NOTE: -It is not possible to skip the tar creation when using [object storage](#uploading-backups-to-a-remote-cloud-storage) for backups. - -The last part of creating a backup is generation of a `.tar` file containing -all the parts. In some cases (for example, if the backup is picked up by other -backup software) creating a `.tar` file might be wasted effort or even directly -harmful, so you can skip this step by adding `tar` to the `SKIP` environment -variable. - -Adding `tar` to the `SKIP` variable leaves the files and directories containing the -backup in the directory used for the intermediate files. These files are -overwritten when a new backup is created, so you should make sure they are copied -elsewhere, because you can only have one backup on the system. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create SKIP=tar -``` - -For installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=tar RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -#### Disabling prompts during restore - -During a restore from backup, the restore script may ask for confirmation before -proceeding. If you wish to disable these prompts, you can set the `GITLAB_ASSUME_YES` -environment variable to `1`. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -```shell -sudo GITLAB_ASSUME_YES=1 gitlab-backup restore -``` - -For installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H GITLAB_ASSUME_YES=1 bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:restore RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -#### Back up Git repositories concurrently - -> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/37158) in GitLab 13.3. -> - [Concurrent restore introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/69330) in GitLab 14.3 - -When using [multiple repository storages](../administration/repository_storage_paths.md), -repositories can be backed up or restored concurrently to help fully use CPU time. The -following variables are available to modify the default behavior of the Rake -task: - -- `GITLAB_BACKUP_MAX_CONCURRENCY`: The maximum number of projects to back up at - the same time. Defaults to the number of logical CPUs (in GitLab 14.1 and - earlier, defaults to `1`). -- `GITLAB_BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_CONCURRENCY`: The maximum number of projects to - back up at the same time on each storage. This allows the repository backups - to be spread across storages. Defaults to `2` (in GitLab 14.1 and earlier, - defaults to `1`). - -For example, for Omnibus GitLab installations with 4 repository storages: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create GITLAB_BACKUP_MAX_CONCURRENCY=4 GITLAB_BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_CONCURRENCY=1 -``` - -For example, for installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create GITLAB_BACKUP_MAX_CONCURRENCY=4 GITLAB_BACKUP_MAX_STORAGE_CONCURRENCY=1 -``` - -#### Incremental repository backups - -> - Introduced in GitLab 14.9 [with a flag](../administration/feature_flags.md) named `incremental_repository_backup`. Disabled by default. -> - [Enabled on self-managed](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/355945) in GitLab 14.10. -> - `PREVIOUS_BACKUP` option [introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/4184) in GitLab 15.0. - -FLAG: -On self-managed GitLab, by default this feature is available. To hide the feature, ask an administrator to [disable the feature flag](../administration/feature_flags.md) named `incremental_repository_backup`. -On GitLab.com, this feature is not available. - -Incremental backups can be faster than full backups because they only pack changes since the last backup into the backup -bundle for each repository. There must be an existing backup to create an incremental backup from: - -- In GitLab 14.9 and 14.10, use the `BACKUP=<timestamp_of_backup>` option to choose the backup to use. The chosen previous backup is overwritten. -- In GitLab 15.0 and later, use the `PREVIOUS_BACKUP=<timestamp_of_backup>` option to choose the backup to use. By default, a backup file is created - as documented in the [Backup timestamp](#backup-timestamp) section. You can override the `[TIMESTAMP]` portion of the filename by setting the - [`BACKUP` environment variable](#backup-filename). - -To create an incremental backup, run: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create INCREMENTAL=yes PREVIOUS_BACKUP=<timestamp_of_backup> -``` - -Incremental backups can also be created from [an untarred backup](#skipping-tar-creation) by using `SKIP=tar`: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create INCREMENTAL=yes SKIP=tar -``` - -#### Back up specific repository storages - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/86896) in GitLab 15.0. - -When using [multiple repository storages](../administration/repository_storage_paths.md), -repositories from specific repository storages can be backed up separately -using the `REPOSITORIES_STORAGES` option. The option accepts a comma-separated list of -storage names. - -For example, for Omnibus GitLab installations: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create REPOSITORIES_STORAGES=storage1,storage2 -``` - -For example, for installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create REPOSITORIES_STORAGES=storage1,storage2 -``` - -#### Back up specific repositories - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/88094) in GitLab 15.1. - -You can back up a specific repositories using the `REPOSITORIES_PATHS` option. -The option accepts a comma-separated list of project and group paths. If you -specify a group path, all repositories in all projects in the group and -descendent groups are included. - -For example, to back up all repositories for all projects in **Group A** (`group-a`), and the repository for **Project C** in **Group B** (`group-b/project-c`): - -- Omnibus GitLab installations: - - ```shell - sudo gitlab-backup create REPOSITORIES_PATHS=group-a,group-b/project-c - ``` - -- Installations from source: - - ```shell - sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create REPOSITORIES_PATHS=group-a,group-b/project-c - ``` - -#### Uploading backups to a remote (cloud) storage - -NOTE: -It is not possible to [skip the tar creation](#skipping-tar-creation) when using object storage for backups. - -You can let the backup script upload (using the [Fog library](https://fog.io/)) -the `.tar` file it creates. In the following example, we use Amazon S3 for -storage, but Fog also lets you use [other storage providers](https://fog.io/storage/). -GitLab also [imports cloud drivers](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/blob/da46c9655962df7d49caef0e2b9f6bbe88462a02/Gemfile#L113) -for AWS, Google, OpenStack Swift, Rackspace, and Aliyun. A local driver is -[also available](#uploading-to-locally-mounted-shares). - -[Read more about using object storage with GitLab](../administration/object_storage.md). - -##### Using Amazon S3 - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Add the following to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: - - ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { - 'provider' => 'AWS', - 'region' => 'eu-west-1', - 'aws_access_key_id' => 'AKIAKIAKI', - 'aws_secret_access_key' => 'secret123' - # If using an IAM Profile, don't configure aws_access_key_id & aws_secret_access_key - # 'use_iam_profile' => true - } - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'my.s3.bucket' - ``` - -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect - -##### S3 Encrypted Buckets - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/64765) in GitLab 14.3. - -AWS supports these [modes for server side encryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/serv-side-encryption.html): - -- Amazon S3-Managed Keys (SSE-S3) -- Customer Master Keys (CMKs) Stored in AWS Key Management Service (SSE-KMS) -- Customer-Provided Keys (SSE-C) - -Use your mode of choice with GitLab. Each mode has similar, but slightly -different, configuration methods. - -###### SSE-S3 - -To enable SSE-S3, in the backup storage options set the `server_side_encryption` -field to `AES256`. For example, in Omnibus GitLab: - -```ruby -gitlab_rails['backup_upload_storage_options'] = { - 'server_side_encryption' => 'AES256' -} -``` - -###### SSE-KMS - -To enable SSE-KMS, you'll need the [KMS key via its Amazon Resource Name (ARN) -in the `arn:aws:kms:region:acct-id:key/key-id` format](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/UsingKMSEncryption.html). Under the `backup_upload_storage_options` configuration setting, set: - -- `server_side_encryption` to `aws:kms`. -- `server_side_encryption_kms_key_id` to the ARN of the key. - -For example, in Omnibus GitLab: - -```ruby -gitlab_rails['backup_upload_storage_options'] = { - 'server_side_encryption' => 'aws:kms', - 'server_side_encryption_kms_key_id' => 'arn:aws:<YOUR KMS KEY ID>:' -} -``` - -###### SSE-C - -SSE-C requires you to set these encryption options: - -- `backup_encryption`: AES256. -- `backup_encryption_key`: Unencoded, 32-byte (256 bits) key. The upload fails if this isn't exactly 32 bytes. - -For example, in Omnibus GitLab: - -```ruby -gitlab_rails['backup_encryption'] = 'AES256' -gitlab_rails['backup_encryption_key'] = '<YOUR 32-BYTE KEY HERE>' -``` - -If the key contains binary characters and cannot be encoded in UTF-8, -instead, specify the key with the `GITLAB_BACKUP_ENCRYPTION_KEY` environment variable. -For example: +### `gitaly-backup` for repository backup and restore -```ruby -gitlab_rails['env'] = { 'GITLAB_BACKUP_ENCRYPTION_KEY' => "\xDE\xAD\xBE\xEF" * 8 } -``` +> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/333034) in GitLab 14.2. +> - [Deployed behind a feature flag](../user/feature_flags.md), enabled by default. +> - [Generally available](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/333034) in GitLab 14.10. [Feature flag `gitaly_backup`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/83254) removed. -##### Digital Ocean Spaces +The `gitaly-backup` binary is used by the backup Rake task to create and restore repository backups from Gitaly. +`gitaly-backup` replaces the previous backup method that directly calls RPCs on Gitaly from GitLab. -This example can be used for a bucket in Amsterdam (AMS3): +The backup Rake task must be able to find this executable. In most cases, you don't need to change +the path to the binary as it should work fine with the default path `/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitaly-backup`. +If you have a specific reason to change the path, it can be configured in Omnibus GitLab packages: 1. Add the following to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { - 'provider' => 'AWS', - 'region' => 'ams3', - 'aws_access_key_id' => 'AKIAKIAKI', - 'aws_secret_access_key' => 'secret123', - 'endpoint' => 'https://ams3.digitaloceanspaces.com' - } - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'my.s3.bucket' - ``` - -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect - -If you see a `400 Bad Request` error message when using Digital Ocean Spaces, -the cause may be the use of backup encryption. Because Digital Ocean Spaces -doesn't support encryption, remove or comment the line that contains -`gitlab_rails['backup_encryption']`. - -##### Other S3 Providers - -Not all S3 providers are fully compatible with the Fog library. For example, -if you see a `411 Length Required` error message after attempting to upload, -you may need to downgrade the `aws_signature_version` value from the default -value to `2`, [due to this issue](https://github.com/fog/fog-aws/issues/428). - -For installations from source: - -1. Edit `home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`: - - ```yaml - backup: - # snip - upload: - # Fog storage connection settings, see https://fog.io/storage/ . - connection: - provider: AWS - region: eu-west-1 - aws_access_key_id: AKIAKIAKI - aws_secret_access_key: 'secret123' - # If using an IAM Profile, leave aws_access_key_id & aws_secret_access_key empty - # ie. aws_access_key_id: '' - # use_iam_profile: 'true' - # The remote 'directory' to store your backups. For S3, this would be the bucket name. - remote_directory: 'my.s3.bucket' - # Specifies Amazon S3 storage class to use for backups, this is optional - # storage_class: 'STANDARD' - # - # Turns on AWS Server-Side Encryption with Amazon Customer-Provided Encryption Keys for backups, this is optional - # 'encryption' must be set in order for this to have any effect. - # 'encryption_key' should be set to the 256-bit encryption key for Amazon S3 to use to encrypt or decrypt. - # To avoid storing the key on disk, the key can also be specified via the `GITLAB_BACKUP_ENCRYPTION_KEY` your data. - # encryption: 'AES256' - # encryption_key: '<key>' - # - # - # Turns on AWS Server-Side Encryption with Amazon S3-Managed keys (optional) - # https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/serv-side-encryption.html - # For SSE-S3, set 'server_side_encryption' to 'AES256'. - # For SS3-KMS, set 'server_side_encryption' to 'aws:kms'. Set - # 'server_side_encryption_kms_key_id' to the ARN of customer master key. - # storage_options: - # server_side_encryption: 'aws:kms' - # server_side_encryption_kms_key_id: 'arn:aws:kms:YOUR-KEY-ID-HERE' - ``` - -1. [Restart GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source) - for the changes to take effect - -If you're uploading your backups to S3, you should create a new -IAM user with restricted access rights. To give the upload user access only for -uploading backups create the following IAM profile, replacing `my.s3.bucket` -with the name of your bucket: - -```json -{ - "Version": "2012-10-17", - "Statement": [ - { - "Sid": "Stmt1412062044000", - "Effect": "Allow", - "Action": [ - "s3:AbortMultipartUpload", - "s3:GetBucketAcl", - "s3:GetBucketLocation", - "s3:GetObject", - "s3:GetObjectAcl", - "s3:ListBucketMultipartUploads", - "s3:PutObject", - "s3:PutObjectAcl" - ], - "Resource": [ - "arn:aws:s3:::my.s3.bucket/*" - ] - }, - { - "Sid": "Stmt1412062097000", - "Effect": "Allow", - "Action": [ - "s3:GetBucketLocation", - "s3:ListAllMyBuckets" - ], - "Resource": [ - "*" - ] - }, - { - "Sid": "Stmt1412062128000", - "Effect": "Allow", - "Action": [ - "s3:ListBucket" - ], - "Resource": [ - "arn:aws:s3:::my.s3.bucket" - ] - } - ] -} -``` - -##### Using Google Cloud Storage - -To use Google Cloud Storage to save backups, you must first create an -access key from the Google console: - -1. Go to the [Google storage settings page](https://console.cloud.google.com/storage/settings). -1. Select **Interoperability**, and then create an access key. -1. Make note of the **Access Key** and **Secret** and replace them in the - following configurations. -1. In the buckets advanced settings ensure the Access Control option - **Set object-level and bucket-level permissions** is selected. -1. Ensure you have already created a bucket. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: - - ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { - 'provider' => 'Google', - 'google_storage_access_key_id' => 'Access Key', - 'google_storage_secret_access_key' => 'Secret', - - ## If you have CNAME buckets (foo.example.com), you might run into SSL issues - ## when uploading backups ("hostname foo.example.com.storage.googleapis.com - ## does not match the server certificate"). In that case, uncomnent the following - ## setting. See: https://github.com/fog/fog/issues/2834 - #'path_style' => true - } - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'my.google.bucket' - ``` - -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect - -For installations from source: - -1. Edit `home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`: - - ```yaml - backup: - upload: - connection: - provider: 'Google' - google_storage_access_key_id: 'Access Key' - google_storage_secret_access_key: 'Secret' - remote_directory: 'my.google.bucket' - ``` - -1. [Restart GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source) - for the changes to take effect - -##### Using Azure Blob storage - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/25877) in GitLab 13.4. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: - - ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { - 'provider' => 'AzureRM', - 'azure_storage_account_name' => '<AZURE STORAGE ACCOUNT NAME>', - 'azure_storage_access_key' => '<AZURE STORAGE ACCESS KEY>', - 'azure_storage_domain' => 'blob.core.windows.net', # Optional - } - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = '<AZURE BLOB CONTAINER>' - ``` - -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect - -For installations from source: - -1. Edit `home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`: - - ```yaml - backup: - upload: - connection: - provider: 'AzureRM' - azure_storage_account_name: '<AZURE STORAGE ACCOUNT NAME>' - azure_storage_access_key: '<AZURE STORAGE ACCESS KEY>' - remote_directory: '<AZURE BLOB CONTAINER>' - ``` - -1. [Restart GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source) - for the changes to take effect - -For more details, see the [table of Azure parameters](../administration/object_storage.md#azure-blob-storage). - -##### Specifying a custom directory for backups - -This option works only for remote storage. If you want to group your backups, -you can pass a `DIRECTORY` environment variable: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create DIRECTORY=daily -sudo gitlab-backup create DIRECTORY=weekly -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -#### Skip uploading backups to remote storage - -If you have configured GitLab to [upload backups in a remote storage](#uploading-backups-to-a-remote-cloud-storage), -you can use the `SKIP=remote` option to skip uploading your backups to the remote storage. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup create SKIP=remote -``` - -For installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create SKIP=remote RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -#### Uploading to locally mounted shares - -You may also send backups to a mounted share (for example, `NFS`,`CIFS`, or -`SMB`) by using the Fog [`Local`](https://github.com/fog/fog-local#usage) -storage provider. The directory pointed to by the `local_root` key _must_ be -owned by the `git` user _when mounted_ (mounting with the `uid=` of the `git` -user for `CIFS` and `SMB`) or the user that you are executing the backup tasks -as (for Omnibus packages, this is the `git` user). - -The `backup_upload_remote_directory` _must_ be set in addition to the -`local_root` key. This is the sub directory inside the mounted directory that -backups are copied to, and is created if it does not exist. If the -directory that you want to copy the tarballs to is the root of your mounted -directory, use `.` instead. - -Because file system performance may affect overall GitLab performance, -[GitLab doesn't recommend using cloud-based file systems for storage](../administration/nfs.md#avoid-using-cloud-based-file-systems). - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: - - ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { - :provider => 'Local', - :local_root => '/mnt/backups' - } - - # The directory inside the mounted folder to copy backups to - # Use '.' to store them in the root directory - gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'gitlab_backups' - ``` - -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect. - -For installations from source: - -1. Edit `home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`: - - ```yaml - backup: - upload: - # Fog storage connection settings, see https://fog.io/storage/ . - connection: - provider: Local - local_root: '/mnt/backups' - # The directory inside the mounted folder to copy backups to - # Use '.' to store them in the root directory - remote_directory: 'gitlab_backups' - ``` - -1. [Restart GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source) - for the changes to take effect. - -#### Backup archive permissions - -The backup archives created by GitLab (`1393513186_2014_02_27_gitlab_backup.tar`) -have the owner/group `git`/`git` and 0600 permissions by default. This is -meant to avoid other system users reading GitLab data. If you need the backup -archives to have different permissions, you can use the `archive_permissions` -setting. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: - - ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_archive_permissions'] = 0644 # Makes the backup archives world-readable + gitlab_rails['backup_gitaly_backup_path'] = '/path/to/gitaly-backup' ``` 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) for the changes to take effect. -For installations from source: - -1. Edit `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`: - - ```yaml - backup: - archive_permissions: 0644 # Makes the backup archives world-readable - ``` - -1. [Restart GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source) - for the changes to take effect. - -#### Configuring cron to make daily backups - -WARNING: -The following cron jobs do not [back up your GitLab configuration files](#storing-configuration-files) -or [SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079). - -You can schedule a cron job that backs up your repositories and GitLab metadata. - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Edit the crontab for the `root` user: - - ```shell - sudo su - - crontab -e - ``` - -1. There, add the following line to schedule the backup for everyday at 2 AM: - - ```plaintext - 0 2 * * * /opt/gitlab/bin/gitlab-backup create CRON=1 - ``` - - Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -For installations from source: - -1. Edit the crontab for the `git` user: - - ```shell - sudo -u git crontab -e - ``` - -1. Add the following lines at the bottom: - - ```plaintext - # Create a full backup of the GitLab repositories and SQL database every day at 2am - 0 2 * * * cd /home/git/gitlab && PATH=/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:create RAILS_ENV=production CRON=1 - ``` - -The `CRON=1` environment setting directs the backup script to hide all progress -output if there aren't any errors. This is recommended to reduce cron spam. -When troubleshooting backup problems, however, replace `CRON=1` with `--trace` to log verbosely. - -### Limit backup lifetime for local files (prune old backups) - -WARNING: -The process described in this section don't work if you used a [custom filename](#backup-filename) -for your backups. - -To prevent regular backups from using all your disk space, you may want to set a limited lifetime -for backups. The next time the backup task runs, backups older than the `backup_keep_time` are -pruned. - -This configuration option manages only local files. GitLab doesn't prune old -files stored in a third-party [object storage](#uploading-backups-to-a-remote-cloud-storage) -because the user may not have permission to list and delete files. It's -recommended that you configure the appropriate retention policy for your object -storage (for example, [AWS S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/user-guide/create-lifecycle.html)). - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: - - ```ruby - ## Limit backup lifetime to 7 days - 604800 seconds - gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800 - ``` - -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect. +## Backup timestamp -For installations from source: +The backup archive is saved in `backup_path`, which is specified in the +`config/gitlab.yml` file. The filename is `[TIMESTAMP]_gitlab_backup.tar`, +where `TIMESTAMP` identifies the time at which each backup was created, plus +the GitLab version. The timestamp is needed if you need to restore GitLab and +multiple backups are available. -1. Edit `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml`: +For example, if the backup name is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar`, +the timestamp is `1493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce`. - ```yaml - backup: - ## Limit backup lifetime to 7 days - 604800 seconds - keep_time: 604800 - ``` +## Back up GitLab -1. [Restart GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source) - for the changes to take effect. +For detailed information on backing up GitLab, see [Backup GitLab](backup_gitlab.md). ## Restore GitLab -GitLab provides a command line interface to restore your entire installation, -and is flexible enough to fit your needs. - -The [restore prerequisites section](#restore-prerequisites) includes crucial -information. Be sure to read and test the complete restore process at least -once before attempting to perform it in a production environment. - -You can restore a backup only to _the exact same version and type (CE/EE)_ of -GitLab that you created it on (for example CE 9.1.0). - -If your backup is a different version than the current installation, you must -[downgrade your GitLab installation](../update/package/downgrade.md) -before restoring the backup. - -### Restore prerequisites - -You need to have a working GitLab installation before you can perform a -restore. This is because the system user performing the restore actions (`git`) -is usually not allowed to create or delete the SQL database needed to import -data into (`gitlabhq_production`). All existing data is either erased -(SQL) or moved to a separate directory (such as repositories and uploads). - -To restore a backup, you must restore `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` -(for Omnibus packages) or `/home/git/gitlab/.secret` (for installations from -source). This file contains the database encryption key, -[CI/CD variables](../ci/variables/index.md), and -variables used for [two-factor authentication](../user/profile/account/two_factor_authentication.md). -If you fail to restore this encryption key file along with the application data -backup, users with two-factor authentication enabled and GitLab Runner -loses access to your GitLab server. - -You may also want to restore your previous `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` (for Omnibus packages) -or `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml` (for installations from source) and -any TLS keys, certificates (`/etc/gitlab/ssl`, `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs`), or -[SSH host keys](https://superuser.com/questions/532040/copy-ssh-keys-from-one-server-to-another-server/532079#532079). - -Starting with GitLab 12.9, if an untarred backup (like the ones made with -`SKIP=tar`) is found, and no backup is chosen with `BACKUP=<timestamp>`, the -untarred backup is used. - -Depending on your case, you might want to run the restore command with one or -more of the following options: - -- `BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup`: Required if more than one backup exists. - Read what the [backup timestamp is about](#backup-timestamp). -- `force=yes`: Doesn't ask if the `authorized_keys` file should get regenerated, - and assumes 'yes' for warning about database tables being removed, - enabling the `Write to authorized_keys file` setting, and updating LDAP - providers. - -If you're restoring into directories that are mount points, you must ensure these directories are -empty before attempting a restore. Otherwise, GitLab attempts to move these directories before -restoring the new data, which causes an error. - -Read more about [configuring NFS mounts](../administration/nfs.md) - -### Restore for Omnibus GitLab installations - -This procedure assumes that: - -- You have installed the **exact same version and type (CE/EE)** of GitLab - Omnibus with which the backup was created. -- You have run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` at least once. -- GitLab is running. If not, start it using `sudo gitlab-ctl start`. - -First ensure your backup tar file is in the backup directory described in the -`gitlab.rb` configuration `gitlab_rails['backup_path']`. The default is -`/var/opt/gitlab/backups`. The backup file needs to be owned by the `git` user. - -```shell -sudo cp 11493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar /var/opt/gitlab/backups/ -sudo chown git:git /var/opt/gitlab/backups/11493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar -``` - -Stop the processes that are connected to the database. Leave the rest of GitLab -running: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-ctl stop puma -sudo gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq -# Verify -sudo gitlab-ctl status -``` - -Next, restore the backup, specifying the timestamp of the backup you wish to -restore: - -```shell -# This command will overwrite the contents of your GitLab database! -sudo gitlab-backup restore BACKUP=11493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore` instead. -Some [known non-blocking error messages may appear](#restoring-database-backup-using-omnibus-packages-outputs-warnings). - -WARNING: -`gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore` doesn't set the correct file system -permissions on your Registry directory. This is a [known issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/62759). -In GitLab 12.2 or later, you can use `gitlab-backup restore` to avoid this -issue. - -If there's a GitLab version mismatch between your backup tar file and the -installed version of GitLab, the restore command aborts with an error -message. Install the [correct GitLab version](https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/), -and then try again. - -WARNING: -The restore command requires [additional parameters](#back-up-and-restore-for-installations-using-pgbouncer) when -your installation is using PgBouncer, for either performance reasons or when using it with a Patroni cluster. - -Next, restore `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` if necessary, -[as previously mentioned](#restore-prerequisites). - -Reconfigure, restart and [check](../administration/raketasks/maintenance.md#check-gitlab-configuration) GitLab: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure -sudo gitlab-ctl restart -sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:check SANITIZE=true -``` - -In GitLab 13.1 and later, check [database values can be decrypted](../administration/raketasks/check.md#verify-database-values-can-be-decrypted-using-the-current-secrets) -especially if `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` was restored, or if a different server is -the target for the restore. - -```shell -sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:doctor:secrets -``` - -For added assurance, you can perform [an integrity check on the uploaded files](../administration/raketasks/check.md#uploaded-files-integrity): - -```shell -sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:artifacts:check -sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:lfs:check -sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:uploads:check -``` - -### Restore for Docker image and GitLab Helm chart installations - -For GitLab installations using the Docker image or the GitLab Helm chart on a -Kubernetes cluster, the restore task expects the restore directories to be -empty. However, with Docker and Kubernetes volume mounts, some system level -directories may be created at the volume roots, such as the `lost+found` -directory found in Linux operating systems. These directories are usually owned -by `root`, which can cause access permission errors since the restore Rake task -runs as the `git` user. To restore a GitLab installation, users have to confirm -the restore target directories are empty. - -For both these installation types, the backup tarball has to be available in -the backup location (default location is `/var/opt/gitlab/backups`). - -For Docker installations, the restore task can be run from host: - -```shell -# Stop the processes that are connected to the database -docker exec -it <name of container> gitlab-ctl stop puma -docker exec -it <name of container> gitlab-ctl stop sidekiq - -# Verify that the processes are all down before continuing -docker exec -it <name of container> gitlab-ctl status - -# Run the restore. NOTE: "_gitlab_backup.tar" is omitted from the name -docker exec -it <name of container> gitlab-backup restore BACKUP=11493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce - -# Restart the GitLab container -docker restart <name of container> - -# Check GitLab -docker exec -it <name of container> gitlab-rake gitlab:check SANITIZE=true -``` - -Users of GitLab 12.1 and earlier should use the command `gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:create` instead. - -WARNING: -`gitlab-rake gitlab:backup:restore` doesn't set the correct file system -permissions on your Registry directory. This is a [known issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/issues/62759). -In GitLab 12.2 or later, you can use `gitlab-backup restore` to avoid this -issue. - -The GitLab Helm chart uses a different process, documented in -[restoring a GitLab Helm chart installation](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/blob/master/doc/backup-restore/restore.md). - -### Restore for installation from source - -First, ensure your backup tar file is in the backup directory described in the -`gitlab.yml` configuration: - -```yaml -## Backup settings -backup: - path: "tmp/backups" # Relative paths are relative to Rails.root (default: tmp/backups/) -``` - -The default is `/home/git/gitlab/tmp/backups`, and it needs to be owned by the `git` user. Now, you can begin the backup procedure: - -```shell -# Stop processes that are connected to the database -sudo service gitlab stop - -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:restore RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -Example output: - -```plaintext -Unpacking backup... [DONE] -Restoring database tables: --- create_table("events", {:force=>true}) - -> 0.2231s -[...] -- Loading fixture events...[DONE] -- Loading fixture issues...[DONE] -- Loading fixture keys...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture merge_requests...[DONE] -- Loading fixture milestones...[DONE] -- Loading fixture namespaces...[DONE] -- Loading fixture notes...[DONE] -- Loading fixture projects...[DONE] -- Loading fixture protected_branches...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture schema_migrations...[DONE] -- Loading fixture services...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture snippets...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture taggings...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture tags...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture users...[DONE] -- Loading fixture users_projects...[DONE] -- Loading fixture web_hooks...[SKIPPING] -- Loading fixture wikis...[SKIPPING] -Restoring repositories: -- Restoring repository abcd... [DONE] -- Object pool 1 ... -Deleting tmp directories...[DONE] -``` - -Next, restore `/home/git/gitlab/.secret` if necessary, [as previously mentioned](#restore-prerequisites). - -Restart GitLab: - -```shell -sudo service gitlab restart -``` - -### Restoring only one or a few projects or groups from a backup - -Although the Rake task used to restore a GitLab instance doesn't support -restoring a single project or group, you can use a workaround by restoring -your backup to a separate, temporary GitLab instance, and then export your -project or group from there: - -1. [Install a new GitLab](../install/index.md) instance at the same version as - the backed-up instance from which you want to restore. -1. [Restore the backup](#restore-gitlab) into this new instance, then - export your [project](../user/project/settings/import_export.md) - or [group](../user/group/settings/import_export.md). Be sure to read the - **Important Notes** on either export feature's documentation to understand - what is and isn't exported. -1. After the export is complete, go to the old instance and then import it. -1. After importing the projects or groups that you wanted is complete, you may - delete the new, temporary GitLab instance. - -A feature request to provide direct restore of individual projects or groups -is being discussed in [issue #17517](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/17517). - -### Restore options - -The command line tool GitLab provides to restore from backup can accept more -options. - -#### Excluding tasks on restore - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/19347) in GitLab 14.10. - -You can exclude specific tasks on restore by adding the environment variable `SKIP`, whose values are a comma-separated list of the following options: - -- `db` (database) -- `uploads` (attachments) -- `builds` (CI job output logs) -- `artifacts` (CI job artifacts) -- `lfs` (LFS objects) -- `terraform_state` (Terraform states) -- `registry` (Container Registry images) -- `pages` (Pages content) -- `repositories` (Git repositories data) -- `packages` (Packages) - -For Omnibus GitLab packages: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup SKIP=db,uploads -``` - -For installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup SKIP=db,uploads RAILS_ENV=production -``` - -#### Restore specific repository storages - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/86896) in GitLab 15.0. - -When using [multiple repository storages](../administration/repository_storage_paths.md), -repositories from specific repository storages can be restored separately -using the `REPOSITORIES_STORAGES` option. The option accepts a comma-separated list of -storage names. - -For example, for Omnibus GitLab installations: - -```shell -sudo gitlab-backup restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup REPOSITORIES_STORAGES=storage1,storage2 -``` - -For example, for installations from source: - -```shell -sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup REPOSITORIES_STORAGES=storage1,storage2 -``` - -#### Restore specific repositories - -> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/88094) in GitLab 15.1. - -You can restore specific repositories using the `REPOSITORIES_PATHS` option. -The option accepts a comma-separated list of project and group paths. If you -specify a group path, all repositories in all projects in the group and -descendent groups are included. The project and group repositories must exist -within the specified backup. - -For example, to restore all repositories for all projects in **Group A** (`group-a`), and the repository for **Project C** in **Group B** (`group-b/project-c`): - -- Omnibus GitLab installations: - - ```shell - sudo gitlab-backup restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup REPOSITORIES_PATHS=group-a,group-b/project-c - ``` - -- Installations from source: - - ```shell - sudo -u git -H bundle exec rake gitlab:backup:restore BACKUP=timestamp_of_backup REPOSITORIES_PATHS=group-a,group-b/project-c - ``` +For detailed information on restoring GitLab, see [Restore GitLab](restore_gitlab.md). ## Alternative backup strategies @@ -1341,7 +106,7 @@ practical use. ### Back up repository data separately -First, ensure you back up existing GitLab data while [skipping repositories](#excluding-specific-directories-from-the-backup): +First, ensure you back up existing GitLab data while [skipping repositories](backup_gitlab.md#excluding-specific-directories-from-the-backup): ```shell # for Omnibus GitLab package installations @@ -1710,7 +475,7 @@ For more information, see: ### When the secrets file is lost -If you didn't [back up the secrets file](#storing-configuration-files), you +If you didn't [back up the secrets file](backup_gitlab.md#storing-configuration-files), you must complete several steps to get GitLab working properly again. The secrets file is responsible for storing the encryption key for the columns @@ -1754,7 +519,7 @@ Be sure to create a full database backup before attempting any changes. #### Disable user two-factor authentication (2FA) Users with 2FA enabled can't sign in to GitLab. In that case, you must -[disable 2FA for everyone](../security/two_factor_authentication.md#disable-2fa-for-everyone), +[disable 2FA for everyone](../security/two_factor_authentication.md#for-all-users), after which users must reactivate 2FA. #### Reset CI/CD variables @@ -1989,24 +754,222 @@ If this happens, examine the following: - If NFS is being used, check if the mount option `timeout` is set. The default is `600`, and changing this to smaller values results in this error. -### `gitaly-backup` for repository backup and restore +### Backup fails with `File name too long` error -> - [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/333034) in GitLab 14.2. -> - [Deployed behind a feature flag](../user/feature_flags.md), enabled by default. -> - [Generally available](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/333034) in GitLab 14.10. [Feature flag `gitaly_backup`](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/merge_requests/83254) removed. +During backup, you can get the `File name too long` error ([issue #354984](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/354984)). For example: -The `gitaly-backup` binary is used by the backup Rake task to create and restore repository backups from Gitaly. -`gitaly-backup` replaces the previous backup method that directly calls RPCs on Gitaly from GitLab. +```plaintext +Problem: <class 'OSError: [Errno 36] File name too long: +``` -The backup Rake task must be able to find this executable. In most cases, you don't need to change -the path to the binary as it should work fine with the default path `/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitaly-backup`. -If you have a specific reason to change the path, it can be configured in Omnibus GitLab packages: +This problem stops the backup script from completing. To fix this problem, you must truncate the filenames causing the problem. A maximum of 246 characters, including the file extension, is permitted. -1. Add the following to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: +WARNING: +The steps in this section can potentially lead to **data loss**. All steps must be followed strictly in the order given. - ```ruby - gitlab_rails['backup_gitaly_backup_path'] = '/path/to/gitaly-backup' +Truncating filenames to resolve the error involves: + +- Cleaning up remote uploaded files that aren't tracked in the database. +- Truncating the filenames in the database. +- Rerunning the backup task. + +#### Clean up remote uploaded files + +A [known issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/45425) caused object store uploads to remain after a parent resource was deleted. This issue was [resolved](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss/-/merge_requests/18698). + +To fix these files, you must clean up all remote uploaded files that are in the storage but not tracked in the `uploads` database table. + +1. List all the object store upload files that can be moved to a lost and found directory if they don't exist in the GitLab database: + + ```shell + bundle exec rake gitlab:cleanup:remote_upload_files RAILS_ENV=production ``` -1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../administration/restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) - for the changes to take effect +1. If you are sure you want to delete these files and remove all non-referenced uploaded files, run: + + WARNING: + The following action is **irreversible**. + + ```shell + bundle exec rake gitlab:cleanup:remote_upload_files RAILS_ENV=production DRY_RUN=false + ``` + +#### Truncate the filenames referenced by the database + +You must truncate the files referenced by the database that are causing the problem. The filenames referenced by the database are stored: + +- In the `uploads` table. +- In the references found. Any reference found from other database tables and columns. +- On the filesystem. + +Truncate the filenames in the `uploads` table: + +1. Enter the database console: + + For Omnibus GitLab 14.2 and later: + + ```shell + sudo gitlab-rails dbconsole --database main + ``` + + For Omnibus GitLab 14.1 and earlier: + + ```shell + sudo gitlab-rails dbconsole + ``` + + For installations from source, GitLab 14.2 and later: + + ```shell + sudo -u git -H bundle exec rails dbconsole -e production --database main + ``` + + For installations from source, GitLab 14.1 and earlier: + + ```shell + sudo -u git -H bundle exec rails dbconsole -e production + ``` + +1. Search the `uploads` table for filenames longer than 246 characters: + + The following query selects the `uploads` records with filenames longer than 246 characters in batches of 0 to 10000. This improves the performance on large GitLab instances with tables having thousand of records. + + ```sql + CREATE TEMP TABLE uploads_with_long_filenames AS + SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY id) row_id, id, path + FROM uploads AS u + WHERE LENGTH((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1]) > 246; + + CREATE INDEX ON uploads_with_long_filenames(row_id); + + SELECT + u.id, + u.path, + -- Current filename + (regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1] AS current_filename, + -- New filename + CONCAT( + LEFT(SPLIT_PART((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1], '.', 1), 242), + COALESCE(SUBSTRING((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1] FROM '\.(?:.(?!\.))+$')) + ) AS new_filename, + -- New path + CONCAT( + COALESCE((regexp_match(u.path, '(.*\/).*'))[1], ''), + CONCAT( + LEFT(SPLIT_PART((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1], '.', 1), 242), + COALESCE(SUBSTRING((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1] FROM '\.(?:.(?!\.))+$')) + ) + ) AS new_path + FROM uploads_with_long_filenames AS u + WHERE u.row_id > 0 AND u.row_id <= 10000; + ``` + + Output example: + + ```postgresql + -[ RECORD 1 ]----+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + id | 34 + path | public/@hashed/loremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelitsedvulputatemisitloremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelitsedvulputatemisit.txt + current_filename | loremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelitsedvulputatemisitloremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelitsedvulputatemisit.txt + new_filename | loremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelitsedvulputatemisitloremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelits.txt + new_path | public/@hashed/loremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelitsedvulputatemisitloremipsumdolorsitametconsecteturadipiscingelitseddoeiusmodtemporincididuntutlaboreetdoloremagnaaliquaauctorelits.txt + ``` + + Where: + + - `current_filename`: a filename that is currently more than 246 characters long. + - `new_filename`: a filename that has been truncated to 246 characters maximum. + - `new_path`: new path considering the new_filename (truncated). + + Once you validate the batch results, you must change the batch size (`row_id`) using the following sequence of numbers (10000 to 20000). Repeat this process until you reach the last record in the `uploads` table. + +1. Rename the files found in the `uploads` table from long filenames to new truncated filenames. The following query rolls back the update so you can check the results safely within a transaction wrapper: + + ```sql + CREATE TEMP TABLE uploads_with_long_filenames AS + SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY id) row_id, path, id + FROM uploads AS u + WHERE LENGTH((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1]) > 246; + + CREATE INDEX ON uploads_with_long_filenames(row_id); + + BEGIN; + WITH updated_uploads AS ( + UPDATE uploads + SET + path = + CONCAT( + COALESCE((regexp_match(updatable_uploads.path, '(.*\/).*'))[1], ''), + CONCAT( + LEFT(SPLIT_PART((regexp_match(updatable_uploads.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1], '.', 1), 242), + COALESCE(SUBSTRING((regexp_match(updatable_uploads.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1] FROM '\.(?:.(?!\.))+$')) + ) + ) + FROM + uploads_with_long_filenames AS updatable_uploads + WHERE + uploads.id = updatable_uploads.id + AND updatable_uploads.row_id > 0 AND updatable_uploads.row_id <= 10000 + RETURNING uploads.* + ) + SELECT id, path FROM updated_uploads; + ROLLBACK; + ``` + + Once you validate the batch update results, you must change the batch size (`row_id`) using the following sequence of numbers (10000 to 20000). Repeat this process until you reach the last record in the `uploads` table. + +1. Validate that the new filenames from the previous query are the expected ones. If you are sure you want to truncate the records found in the previous step to 246 characters, run the following: + + WARNING: + The following action is **irreversible**. + + ```sql + CREATE TEMP TABLE uploads_with_long_filenames AS + SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY id) row_id, path, id + FROM uploads AS u + WHERE LENGTH((regexp_match(u.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1]) > 246; + + CREATE INDEX ON uploads_with_long_filenames(row_id); + + UPDATE uploads + SET + path = + CONCAT( + COALESCE((regexp_match(updatable_uploads.path, '(.*\/).*'))[1], ''), + CONCAT( + LEFT(SPLIT_PART((regexp_match(updatable_uploads.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1], '.', 1), 242), + COALESCE(SUBSTRING((regexp_match(updatable_uploads.path, '[^\\/:*?"<>|\r\n]+$'))[1] FROM '\.(?:.(?!\.))+$')) + ) + ) + FROM + uploads_with_long_filenames AS updatable_uploads + WHERE + uploads.id = updatable_uploads.id + AND updatable_uploads.row_id > 0 AND updatable_uploads.row_id <= 10000; + ``` + + Once you finish the batch update, you must change the batch size (`updatable_uploads.row_id`) using the following sequence of numbers (10000 to 20000). Repeat this process until you reach the last record in the `uploads` table. + +Truncate the filenames in the references found: + +1. Check if those records are referenced somewhere. One way to do this is to dump the database and search for the parent directory name and filename: + + 1. To dump your database, you can use the following command as an example: + + ```shell + pg_dump -h /var/opt/gitlab/postgresql/ -d gitlabhq_production > gitlab-dump.tmp + ``` + + 1. Then you can search for the references using the `grep` command. Combining the parent directory and the filename can be a good idea. For example: + + ```shell + grep public/alongfilenamehere.txt gitlab-dump.tmp + ``` + +1. Replace those long filenames using the new filenames obtained from querying the `uploads` table. + +Truncate the filenames on the filesystem. You must manually rename the files in your filesystem to the new filenames obtained from querying the `uploads` table. + +#### Re-run the backup task + +After following all the previous steps, re-run the backup task. |