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diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/dns_concepts.md b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/dns_concepts.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..3b80370d4a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/dns_concepts.md @@ -0,0 +1,95 @@ +--- +type: concepts +--- + +# DNS records overview + +_Read this document for a brief overview of DNS records in the scope +of GitLab Pages, for beginners in web development._ + +A Domain Name System (DNS) web service routes visitors to websites +by translating domain names (such as `www.example.com`) into the +numeric IP addresses (such as `192.0.2.1`) that computers use to +connect to each other. + +A DNS record is created to point a (sub)domain to a certain location, +which can be an IP address or another domain. In case you want to use +GitLab Pages with your own (sub)domain, you need to access your domain's +registrar control panel to add a DNS record pointing it back to your +GitLab Pages site. + +Note that **how to** add DNS records depends on which server your domain +is hosted on. Every control panel has its own place to do it. If you are +not an admin of your domain, and don't have access to your registrar, +you'll need to ask for the technical support of your hosting service +to do it for you. + +To help you out, we've gathered some instructions on how to do that +for the most popular hosting services: + +- [Amazon](http://docs.aws.amazon.com/gettingstarted/latest/swh/getting-started-configure-route53.html) +- [Bluehost](https://my.bluehost.com/cgi/help/559) +- [CloudFlare](https://support.cloudflare.com/hc/en-us/articles/200169096-How-do-I-add-A-records-) +- [cPanel](https://documentation.cpanel.net/display/ALD/Edit+DNS+Zone) +- [DreamHost](https://help.dreamhost.com/hc/en-us/articles/215414867-How-do-I-add-custom-DNS-records-) +- [Go Daddy](https://www.godaddy.com/help/add-an-a-record-19238) +- [Hostgator](http://support.hostgator.com/articles/changing-dns-records) +- [Inmotion hosting](https://my.bluehost.com/cgi/help/559) +- [Media Temple](https://mediatemple.net/community/products/dv/204403794/how-can-i-change-the-dns-records-for-my-domain) +- [Microsoft](https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb727018.aspx) + +If your hosting service is not listed above, you can just try to +search the web for `how to add dns record on <my hosting service>`. + +## `A` record + +A DNS A record maps a host to an IPv4 IP address. +It points a root domain as `example.com` to the host's IP address as +`192.192.192.192`. + +Example: + +- `example.com` => `A` => `192.192.192.192` + +## CNAME record + +CNAME records define an alias for canonical name for your server (one defined +by an A record). It points a subdomain to another domain. + +Example: + +- `www` => `CNAME` => `example.com` + +This way, visitors visiting `www.example.com` will be redirected to +`example.com`. + +## MX record + +MX records are used to define the mail exchanges that are used for the domain. +This helps email messages arrive at your mail server correctly. + +Example: + +- `MX` => `mail.example.com` + +Then you can register emails for `users@mail.example.com`. + +## TXT record + +A `TXT` record can associate arbitrary text with a host or other name. A common +use is for site verification. + +Example: + +- `example.com`=> TXT => `"google-site-verification=6P08Ow5E-8Q0m6vQ7FMAqAYIDprkVV8fUf_7hZ4Qvc8"` + +This way, you can verify the ownership for that domain name. + +## All combined + +You can have one DNS record or more than one combined: + +- `example.com` => `A` => `192.192.192.192` +- `www` => `CNAME` => `example.com` +- `MX` => `mail.example.com` +- `example.com`=> TXT => `"google-site-verification=6P08Ow5E-8Q0m6vQ7FMAqAYIDprkVV8fUf_7hZ4Qvc8"`
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/add_certificate_to_pages.png b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/add_certificate_to_pages.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..d92a981dc60 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/add_certificate_to_pages.png diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/dns_add_new_a_record_example_updated_2018.png b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/dns_add_new_a_record_example_updated_2018.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..0150329d4b2 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/dns_add_new_a_record_example_updated_2018.png diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/dns_cname_record_example.png b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/dns_cname_record_example.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..43d1a838544 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/dns_cname_record_example.png diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/get_domain_verification_code_v12_0.png b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/get_domain_verification_code_v12_0.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..b4dcdc9bb60 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/get_domain_verification_code_v12_0.png diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/retry_domain_verification_v12_0.png b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/retry_domain_verification_v12_0.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 00000000000..db8f25bc6c3 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/img/retry_domain_verification_v12_0.png diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/index.md b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/index.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..6c0d3e9e9d3 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/index.md @@ -0,0 +1,257 @@ +--- +last_updated: 2019-07-04 +type: reference, howto +redirect_from: 'https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/user/project/pages/getting_started_part_three.html' +--- + +# Custom domains and SSL/TLS Certificates + +Setting up GitLab Pages with custom domains, and adding SSL/TLS certificates to them, are optional features of GitLab Pages. + +To use one or more custom domain names with your Pages site, you can: + +- Add a [custom **root domain** or a **subdomain**](#set-up-pages-with-a-custom-domain). +- Add [SSL/TLS certification](#adding-an-ssltls-certificate-to-pages). + +## Set up Pages with a custom domain + +To set up Pages with a custom domain name, read the requirements +and steps below. + +### Requirements + +- A GitLab Pages website up and running, served under the default Pages domain + (`*.gitlab.io`, for GitLab.com). +- A custom domain name `example.com` or subdomain `subdomain.example.com`. +- Access to your domain's server control panel to set up DNS records: + - A DNS A or CNAME record poiting your domain to GitLab Pages server. + - A DNS TXT record to verify your domain's ownership. + +### Steps + +Follow the steps below to add your custom domain to Pages. See also +this document for an [overview on DNS records](dns_concepts.md). + +#### 1. Add a custom domain to Pages + +Navigate to your project's **Setting > Pages** and click **+ New domain** +to add your custom domain to GitLab Pages. You can choose whether to: + +- Add an [SSL/TLS certificate](#adding-an-ssltls-certificate-to-pages). +- Leave it blank (it can be added later). + +Click **Create New Domain**. + + + +#### 2. Get the verification code + +Once you have added a new domain to Pages, the verification code will be prompted to you. Copy the values from GitLab and paste them in your domain's control panel as a TXT record on the next step. + + + +#### 3. Set up DNS records for Pages + +Read this document for an [overview of DNS records for Pages](dns_concepts.md). +If you're familiar with the subject, follow the instructions below +according to the type of domain you want to use with your Pages site: + +- [For root domains](#for-root-domains), `example.com`. +- [For subdomains](#for-subdomains), `subdomain.example.com`. +- [For both](#for-both-root-and-subdomains). + +##### For root domains + +Root domains (`example.com`) require: + +- A [DNS A record](dns_concepts.md#a-record) pointing your domain to the Pages server. +- A [TXT record](dns_concepts.md#txt-record) to verify your domain's ownership. + +| From | DNS Record | To | +| ---- | ---------- | -- | +| example.com | A | 35.185.44.232 | +| _gitlab-pages-verification-code.example.com | TXT | gitlab-pages-verification-code=00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff | + +For projects on GitLab.com, this IP is `35.185.44.232`. +For projects living in other GitLab instances (CE or EE), please contact +your sysadmin asking for this information (which IP address is Pages +server running on your instance). + + + +CAUTION: **Caution:** +Note that if you use your root domain for your GitLab Pages website +**only**, and if your domain registrar supports this feature, you can +add a DNS apex `CNAME` record instead of an `A` record. The main +advantage of doing so is that when GitLab Pages IP on GitLab.com +changes for whatever reason, you don't need to update your `A` record. +There may be a few exceptions, but **this method is not recommended** +as it most likely won't work if you set an [`MX` record](dns_concepts.md#mx-record) for your root domain. + +##### For subdomains + +Subdomains (`subdomain.example.com`) require: + +- A DNS [CNAME record](dns_concepts.md#cname-record) record pointing your subdomain to the Pages server. +- A DNS [TXT record](dns_concepts.md#txt-record) to verify your domain's ownership. + +| From | DNS Record | To | +| ---- | ---------- | -- | +| subdomain.example.com | CNAME | namespace.gitlab.io | +| _gitlab-pages-verification-code.subdomain.example.com | TXT | gitlab-pages-verification-code=00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff | + +Note that, whether it's a user or a project website, the `CNAME` +should point to your Pages domain (`namespace.gitlab.io`), +without any `/project-name`. + + + +##### For both root and subdomains + +There are a few cases where you need point both subdomain and root +domain to the same website, for instance, `example.com` and `www.example.com`. + +They require: + +- A DNS A record for the domain. +- A DNS CNAME record for the subdomain. +- A DNS TXT record for each. + +| From | DNS Record | To | +| ---- | ---------- | -- | +| example.com | A | 35.185.44.232 | +| _gitlab-pages-verification-code.example.com | TXT | gitlab-pages-verification-code=00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff | +|---+---| +| www.example.com | CNAME | namespace.gitlab.io | +| _gitlab-pages-verification-code.www.example.com | TXT | gitlab-pages-verification-code=00112233445566778899aabbccddeeff | + +If you're using CloudFlare, check +[Redirecting `www.domain.com` to `domain.com` with Cloudflare](#redirecting-wwwdomaincom-to-domaincom-with-cloudflare). + +> **Notes**: +> +> - **Do not** use a CNAME record if you want to point your + `domain.com` to your GitLab Pages site. Use an `A` record instead. +> - **Do not** add any special chars after the default Pages + domain. E.g., don't point `subdomain.domain.com` to + or `namespace.gitlab.io/`. Some domain hosting providers may request a trailling dot (`namespace.gitlab.io.`), though. +> - GitLab Pages IP on GitLab.com [was changed](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/03/06/we-are-changing-the-ip-of-gitlab-pages-on-gitlab-com/) in 2017. +> - GitLab Pages IP on GitLab.com [has changed](https://about.gitlab.com/2018/07/19/gcp-move-update/#gitlab-pages-and-custom-domains) + from `52.167.214.135` to `35.185.44.232` in 2018. + +#### 4. Verify the domain's ownership + +Once you have added all the DNS records: + +1. Go back at your project's **Settings > Pages**. +1. Locate your domain name and click **Details**. +1. Click the **Retry verification** button to activate your new domain. + + + +As soon as your domain becomes active, your website will be available +through your domain name. + +CAUTION: **Caution:** +Considering GitLab instances with domain verification enabled, +if the domain cannot be verified for 7 days, it will be removed +from the GitLab project. + +> **Notes:** +> +> - Domain verification is **required for GitLab.com users**; + for GitLab self-managed instances, your GitLab administrator has the option + to [disabled custom domain verification](../../../../administration/pages/index.md#custom-domain-verification). +> - [DNS propagation may take some time (up to 24h)](http://www.inmotionhosting.com/support/domain-names/dns-nameserver-changes/domain-names-dns-changes), + although it's usually a matter of minutes to complete. Until it does, verification + will fail and attempts to visit your domain will respond with a 404. +> - Once your domain has been verified, leave the verification record + in place: your domain will be periodically reverified, and may be + disabled if the record is removed. + +### Adding more domain aliases + +You can add more than one alias (custom domains and subdomains) to the same project. +An alias can be understood as having many doors leading to the same room. + +All the aliases you've set to your site will be listed on **Setting > Pages**. +From that page, you can view, add, and remove them. + +### Redirecting `www.domain.com` to `domain.com` with Cloudflare + +If you use Cloudflare, you can redirect `www` to `domain.com` without adding both +`www.domain.com` and `domain.com` to GitLab. This happens due to a [Cloudflare feature that creates +a 301 redirect as a "page rule"](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/48848#note_87314849) for redirecting `www.domain.com` to `domain.com`. In this case, +you can use the following setup: + +1. In Cloudflare, create a DNS `A` record pointing `domain.com` to `35.185.44.232`. +1. In GitLab, add the domain to GitLab Pages. +1. In Cloudflare, create a DNS `TXT` record to verify your domain. +1. In Cloudflare, create a DNS `CNAME` record pointing `www` to `domain.com`. + +## Adding an SSL/TLS certificate to Pages + +Read this document for an [overview on SSL/TLS certification](ssl_tls_concepts.md). + +### Requirements + +- A GitLab Pages website up and running accessible via a custom domain. +- **A PEM certificate**: it is the certificate generated by the CA, + which needs to be added to the field **Certificate (PEM)**. +- **An [intermediate certificate](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_certificate_authority)**: (aka "root certificate"), it is + the part of the encryption keychain that identifies the CA. + Usually it's combined with the PEM certificate, but there are + some cases in which you need to add them manually. + [CloudFlare certs](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/02/07/setting-up-gitlab-pages-with-cloudflare-certificates/) + are one of these cases. +- **A private key**, it's an encrypted key which validates + your PEM against your domain. + +### Steps + +- To add the certificate at the time you add a new domain, go to your + project's **Settings > Pages > New Domain**, add the domain name and the certificate. +- To add the certificate to a domain previously added, go to your + project's **Settings > Pages**, locate your domain name, click **Details** and **Edit** to add the certificate. + + + +1. Add the PEM certificate to its corresponding field. +1. If your certificate is missing its intermediate, copy + and paste the root certificate (usually available from your CA website) + and paste it in the [same field as your PEM certificate](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/02/07/setting-up-gitlab-pages-with-cloudflare-certificates/), + just jumping a line between them. +1. Copy your private key and paste it in the last field. + +NOTE: **Note:** +**Do not** open certificates or encryption keys in +regular text editors. Always use code editors (such as +Sublime Text, Atom, Dreamweaver, Brackets, etc). + +## Force HTTPS for GitLab Pages websites + +> [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ce/issues/28857) in GitLab 10.7. + +To make your website's visitors even more secure, you can choose to +force HTTPS for GitLab Pages. By doing so, all attempts to visit your +website via HTTP will be automatically redirected to HTTPS via 301. + +It works with both GitLab's default domain and with your custom +domain (as long as you've set a valid certificate for it). + +To enable this setting: + +1. Navigate to your project's **Settings > Pages**. +1. Tick the checkbox **Force HTTPS (requires valid certificates)**. + +<!-- ## Troubleshooting + +Include any troubleshooting steps that you can foresee. If you know beforehand what issues +one might have when setting this up, or when something is changed, or on upgrading, it's +important to describe those, too. Think of things that may go wrong and include them here. +This is important to minimize requests for support, and to avoid doc comments with +questions that you know someone might ask. + +Each scenario can be a third-level heading, e.g. `### Getting error message X`. +If you have none to add when creating a doc, leave this section in place +but commented out to help encourage others to add to it in the future. -->
\ No newline at end of file diff --git a/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/ssl_tls_concepts.md b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/ssl_tls_concepts.md new file mode 100644 index 00000000000..2470e78819f --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/user/project/pages/custom_domains_ssl_tls_certification/ssl_tls_concepts.md @@ -0,0 +1,75 @@ +--- +type: concepts +--- + +# SSL/TLS Certificates + +_Read this document for a brief overview of SSL/TLS certificates in +the scope of GitLab Pages, for beginners in web development._ + +Every GitLab Pages project on GitLab.com will be available under +HTTPS for the default Pages domain (`*.gitlab.io`). Once you set +up your Pages project with your custom (sub)domain, if you want +it secured by HTTPS, you will have to issue a certificate for that +(sub)domain and install it on your project. + +NOTE: **Note:** +Certificates are NOT required to add to your custom +(sub)domain on your GitLab Pages project, though they are +highly recommendable. + +Let's start with an introduction to the importance of HTTPS. + +## Why should I care about HTTPS? + +This might be your first question. If our sites are hosted by GitLab Pages, +they are static, hence we are not dealing with server-side scripts +nor credit card transactions, then why do we need secure connections? + +Back in the 1990s, where HTTPS came out, [SSL](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security#SSL_1.0.2C_2.0_and_3.0) was considered a "special" +security measure, necessary just for big companies, like banks and shoppings sites +with financial transactions. +Now we have a different picture. [According to Josh Aas](https://letsencrypt.org/2015/10/29/phishing-and-malware.html), Executive Director at [ISRG](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Security_Research_Group): + +> _We’ve since come to realize that HTTPS is important for almost all websites. It’s important for any website that allows people to log in with a password, any website that [tracks its users](https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2013/12/10/nsa-uses-google-cookies-to-pinpoint-targets-for-hacking/) in any way, any website that [doesn’t want its content altered](http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2014/09/why-comcasts-javascript-ad-injections-threaten-security-net-neutrality/), and for any site that offers content people might not want others to know they are consuming. We’ve also learned that any site not secured by HTTPS [can be used to attack other sites](https://krebsonsecurity.com/2015/04/dont-be-fodder-for-chinas-great-cannon/)._ + +Therefore, the reason why certificates are so important is that they encrypt +the connection between the **client** (you, me, your visitors) +and the **server** (where you site lives), through a keychain of +authentications and validations. + +How about taking Josh's advice and protecting our sites too? We will be +well supported, and we'll contribute to a safer internet. + +## Organizations supporting HTTPS + +There is a huge movement in favor of securing all the web. W3C fully +[supports the cause](https://w3ctag.github.io/web-https/) and explains very well +the reasons for that. Richard Barnes, a writer for Mozilla Security Blog, +suggested that [Firefox would deprecate HTTP](https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2015/04/30/deprecating-non-secure-http/), +and would no longer accept unsecured connections. Recently, Mozilla published a +[communication](https://blog.mozilla.org/security/2016/03/29/march-2016-ca-communication/) +reiterating the importance of HTTPS. + +## Issuing Certificates + +GitLab Pages accepts certificates provided in the [PEM](https://support.quovadisglobal.com/kb/a37/what-is-pem-format.aspx) format, issued by +[Certificate Authorities (CAs)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Certificate_authority) or as +[self-signed certificates](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-signed_certificate). Note that [self-signed certificates are typically not used](https://securingtomorrow.mcafee.com/other-blogs/mcafee-labs/self-signed-certificates-secure-so-why-ban/) +for public websites for security reasons and to ensure that browsers trust your site's certificate. + +There are various kinds of certificates, each one +with a certain security level. A static personal website will +not require the same security level as an online banking web app, +for instance. + +There are some certificate authorities that +offer free certificates, aiming to make the internet more secure +to everyone. The most popular is [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/), +which issues certificates trusted by most of browsers, it's open +source, and free to use. See our tutorial on [how to secure your GitLab Pages website with Let's Encrypt](../lets_encrypt_for_gitlab_pages.md). + +Similarly popular are [certificates issued by CloudFlare](https://www.cloudflare.com/ssl/), +which also offers a [free CDN service](https://blog.cloudflare.com/cloudflares-free-cdn-and-you/). +Their certs are valid up to 15 years. See the tutorial on +[how to add a CloudFlare Certificate to your GitLab Pages website](https://about.gitlab.com/2017/02/07/setting-up-gitlab-pages-with-cloudflare-certificates/). |
