--- stage: Create group: Gitaly info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/engineering/ux/technical-writing/#assignments type: reference --- # Configure Gitaly Cluster **(FREE SELF)** Configure Gitaly Cluster using either: - Gitaly Cluster configuration instructions available as part of [reference architectures](../reference_architectures/index.md) for installations of up to: - [3000 users](../reference_architectures/3k_users.md#configure-gitaly-cluster). - [5000 users](../reference_architectures/5k_users.md#configure-gitaly-cluster). - [10,000 users](../reference_architectures/10k_users.md#configure-gitaly-cluster). - [25,000 users](../reference_architectures/25k_users.md#configure-gitaly-cluster). - [50,000 users](../reference_architectures/50k_users.md#configure-gitaly-cluster). - The custom configuration instructions that follow on this page. Smaller GitLab installations may need only [Gitaly itself](index.md). To upgrade a Gitaly Cluster, follow the documentation for [zero downtime upgrades](../../update/zero_downtime.md#gitaly-cluster). ## Requirements The minimum recommended configuration for a Gitaly Cluster requires: - 1 load balancer - 1 PostgreSQL server (PostgreSQL 11 or newer) - 3 Praefect nodes - 3 Gitaly nodes (1 primary, 2 secondary) See the [design document](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/blob/master/doc/design_ha.md) for implementation details. NOTE: If not set in GitLab, feature flags are read as false from the console and Praefect uses their default value. The default value depends on the GitLab version. ### Network latency and connectivity Network latency for Gitaly Cluster should ideally be measurable in single-digit milliseconds. Latency is particularly important for: - Gitaly node health checks. Nodes must be able to respond within 1 second. - Reference transactions that enforce [strong consistency](index.md#strong-consistency). Lower latencies mean Gitaly nodes can agree on changes faster. Achieving acceptable latency between Gitaly nodes: - On physical networks generally means high bandwidth, single location connections. - On the cloud generally means within the same region, including allowing cross availability zone replication. These links are designed for this type of synchronization. Latency of less than 2ms should be sufficient for Gitaly Cluster. If you can't provide low network latencies for replication (for example, between distant locations), consider Geo. For more information, see [How does Gitaly Cluster compare to Geo](faq.md#how-does-gitaly-cluster-compare-to-geo). Gitaly Cluster [components](index.md#components) communicate with each other over many routes. Your firewall rules must allow the following for Gitaly Cluster to function properly: | From | To | Default port | TLS port | |:-----------------------|:-----------------------|:-------------|:---------| | GitLab | Praefect load balancer | `2305` | `3305` | | Praefect load balancer | Praefect | `2305` | `3305` | | Praefect | Gitaly | `8075` | `9999` | | Gitaly | GitLab (internal API) | `80` | `443` | | Gitaly | Praefect load balancer | `2305` | `3305` | | Gitaly | Praefect | `2305` | `3305` | | Gitaly | Gitaly | `8075` | `9999` | NOTE: Gitaly does not directly connect to Praefect. However, requests from Gitaly to the Praefect load balancer may still be blocked unless firewalls on the Praefect nodes allow traffic from the Gitaly nodes. ## Setup Instructions If you [installed](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) GitLab using the Omnibus GitLab package (highly recommended), follow the steps below: 1. [Preparation](#preparation) 1. [Configuring the Praefect database](#postgresql) 1. [Configuring the Praefect proxy/router](#praefect) 1. [Configuring each Gitaly node](#gitaly) (once for each Gitaly node) 1. [Configure the load balancer](#load-balancer) 1. [Updating the GitLab server configuration](#gitlab) 1. [Configure Grafana](#grafana) ### Preparation Before beginning, you should already have a working GitLab instance. [Learn how to install GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/install/). Provision a PostgreSQL server. We recommend using the PostgreSQL that is shipped with Omnibus GitLab and use it to configure the PostgreSQL database. You can use an external PostgreSQL server (version 11 or newer) but you must set it up [manually](#manual-database-setup). Prepare all your new nodes by [installing GitLab](https://about.gitlab.com/install/). You need: - 1 PostgreSQL node - 1 PgBouncer node (optional) - At least 1 Praefect node (minimal storage required) - 3 Gitaly nodes (high CPU, high memory, fast storage) - 1 GitLab server You also need the IP/host address for each node: 1. `PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST`: the IP/host address of Praefect load balancer 1. `POSTGRESQL_HOST`: the IP/host address of the PostgreSQL server 1. `PGBOUNCER_HOST`: the IP/host address of the PostgreSQL server 1. `PRAEFECT_HOST`: the IP/host address of the Praefect server 1. `GITALY_HOST_*`: the IP or host address of each Gitaly server 1. `GITLAB_HOST`: the IP/host address of the GitLab server If you are using Google Cloud Platform, SoftLayer, or any other vendor that provides a virtual private cloud (VPC) you can use the private addresses for each cloud instance (corresponds to "internal address" for Google Cloud Platform) for `PRAEFECT_HOST`, `GITALY_HOST_*`, and `GITLAB_HOST`. #### Secrets The communication between components is secured with different secrets, which are described below. Before you begin, generate a unique secret for each, and make note of it. This enables you to replace these placeholder tokens with secure tokens as you complete the setup process. 1. `GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN`: this is used by Git hooks to make callback HTTP API requests to GitLab when accepting a Git push. This secret is shared with GitLab Shell for legacy reasons. 1. `PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN`: repositories hosted on your Praefect cluster can only be accessed by Gitaly clients that carry this token. 1. `PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN`: this token is used for replication traffic inside your Praefect cluster. This is distinct from `PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN` because Gitaly clients must not be able to access internal nodes of the Praefect cluster directly; that could lead to data loss. 1. `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD`: this password is used by Praefect to connect to PostgreSQL. 1. `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH`: the hash of password of the Praefect user. Use `gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 praefect` to generate the hash. The command asks for the password for `praefect` user. Enter `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD` plaintext password. By default, Praefect uses `praefect` user, but you can change it. 1. `PGBOUNCER_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH`: the hash of password of the PgBouncer user. PgBouncer uses this password to connect to PostgreSQL. For more details see [bundled PgBouncer](../postgresql/pgbouncer.md) documentation. We note in the instructions below where these secrets are required. NOTE: Omnibus GitLab installations can use `gitlab-secrets.json` for `GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN`. ### PostgreSQL NOTE: Do not store the GitLab application database and the Praefect database on the same PostgreSQL server if using [Geo](../geo/index.md). The replication state is internal to each instance of GitLab and should not be replicated. These instructions help set up a single PostgreSQL database, which creates a single point of failure. Alternatively, [you can use PostgreSQL replication and failover](../postgresql/replication_and_failover.md). The following options are available: - For non-Geo installations, either: - Use one of the documented [PostgreSQL setups](../postgresql/index.md). - Use your own third-party database setup. This requires [manual setup](#manual-database-setup). - For Geo instances, either: - Set up a separate [PostgreSQL instance](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/high-availability.html). - Use a cloud-managed PostgreSQL service. AWS [Relational Database Service](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/) is recommended. #### Manual database setup To complete this section you need: - One Praefect node - One PostgreSQL node (version 11 or newer) - A PostgreSQL user with permissions to manage the database server In this section, we configure the PostgreSQL database. This can be used for both external and Omnibus-provided PostgreSQL server. To run the following instructions, you can use the Praefect node, where `psql` is installed by Omnibus GitLab (`/opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/psql`). If you are using the Omnibus-provided PostgreSQL you can use `gitlab-psql` on the PostgreSQL node instead: 1. Create a new user `praefect` to be used by Praefect: ```sql CREATE ROLE praefect WITH LOGIN PASSWORD 'PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD'; ``` Replace `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD` with the strong password you generated in the preparation step. 1. Create a new database `praefect_production` that is owned by `praefect` user. ```sql CREATE DATABASE praefect_production WITH OWNER praefect ENCODING UTF8; ``` For using Omnibus-provided PgBouncer you need to take the following additional steps. We strongly recommend using the PostgreSQL that is shipped with Omnibus as the backend. The following instructions only work on Omnibus-provided PostgreSQL: 1. For Omnibus-provided PgBouncer, you need to use the hash of `praefect` user instead the of the actual password: ```sql ALTER ROLE praefect WITH PASSWORD 'md5'; ``` Replace `` with the hash of the password you generated in the preparation step. It is prefixed with `md5` literal. 1. The PgBouncer that is shipped with Omnibus is configured to use [`auth_query`](https://www.pgbouncer.org/config.html#generic-settings) and uses `pg_shadow_lookup` function. You need to create this function in `praefect_production` database: ```sql CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.pg_shadow_lookup(in i_username text, out username text, out password text) RETURNS record AS $$ BEGIN SELECT usename, passwd FROM pg_catalog.pg_shadow WHERE usename = i_username INTO username, password; RETURN; END; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql SECURITY DEFINER; REVOKE ALL ON FUNCTION public.pg_shadow_lookup(text) FROM public, pgbouncer; GRANT EXECUTE ON FUNCTION public.pg_shadow_lookup(text) TO pgbouncer; ``` The database used by Praefect is now configured. If you see Praefect database errors after configuring PostgreSQL, see [troubleshooting steps](troubleshooting.md#relation-does-not-exist-errors). #### Reads distribution caching Praefect performance can be improved by additionally configuring the `database_direct` settings: ```ruby praefect['database_direct_host'] = POSTGRESQL_HOST praefect['database_direct_port'] = 5432 # Use the following to override parameters of direct database connection. # Comment out where the parameters are the same for both connections. praefect['database_direct_user'] = 'praefect' praefect['database_direct_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD praefect['database_direct_dbname'] = 'praefect_production' #praefect['database_direct_sslmode'] = '...' #praefect['database_direct_sslcert'] = '...' #praefect['database_direct_sslkey'] = '...' #praefect['database_direct_sslrootcert'] = '...' ``` Once configured, this connection is automatically used for the [SQL LISTEN](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/sql-listen.html) feature and allows Praefect to receive notifications from PostgreSQL for cache invalidation. Verify this feature is working by looking for the following log entry in the Praefect log: ```plaintext reads distribution caching is enabled by configuration ``` #### Use PgBouncer To reduce PostgreSQL resource consumption, we recommend setting up and configuring [PgBouncer](https://www.pgbouncer.org/) in front of the PostgreSQL instance. To do this, you must point Praefect to PgBouncer by setting database parameters on Praefect configuration: ```ruby praefect['database_host'] = PGBOUNCER_HOST praefect['database_port'] = 6432 praefect['database_user'] = 'praefect' praefect['database_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD praefect['database_dbname'] = 'praefect_production' #praefect['database_sslmode'] = '...' #praefect['database_sslcert'] = '...' #praefect['database_sslkey'] = '...' #praefect['database_sslrootcert'] = '...' ``` Praefect requires an additional connection to the PostgreSQL that supports the [LISTEN](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/11/sql-listen.html) feature. With PgBouncer this feature is only available with `session` pool mode (`pool_mode = session`). It is not supported in `transaction` pool mode (`pool_mode = transaction`). To configure the additional connection, you must either: - Configure a new PgBouncer database that uses to the same PostgreSQL database endpoint, but with different pool mode. That is, `pool_mode = session`. - Connect Praefect directly to PostgreSQL and bypass PgBouncer. #### Configure a new PgBouncer database with `pool_mode = session` We recommend using PgBouncer with `session` pool mode. You can use the [bundled PgBouncer](../postgresql/pgbouncer.md) or use an external PgBouncer and [configure it manually](https://www.pgbouncer.org/config.html). The following example uses the bundled PgBouncer and sets up two separate connection pools on PostgreSQL host, one in `session` pool mode and the other in `transaction` pool mode. For this example to work, you need to prepare PostgreSQL server as documented in [in the setup instructions](#manual-database-setup): ```ruby pgbouncer['databases'] = { # Other database configuration including gitlabhq_production ... praefect_production: { host: POSTGRESQL_HOST, # Use `pgbouncer` user to connect to database backend. user: 'pgbouncer', password: PGBOUNCER_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH, pool_mode: 'transaction' } praefect_production_direct: { host: POSTGRESQL_HOST, # Use `pgbouncer` user to connect to database backend. user: 'pgbouncer', password: PGBOUNCER_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH, dbname: 'praefect_production', pool_mode: 'session' }, ... } ``` Both `praefect_production` and `praefect_production_direct` use the same database endpoint (`praefect_production`), but with different pool modes. This translates to the following `databases` section of PgBouncer: ```ini [databases] praefect_production = host=POSTGRESQL_HOST auth_user=pgbouncer pool_mode=transaction praefect_production_direct = host=POSTGRESQL_HOST auth_user=pgbouncer dbname=praefect_production pool_mode=session ``` Now you can configure Praefect to use PgBouncer for both connections: ```ruby praefect['database_host'] = PGBOUNCER_HOST praefect['database_port'] = 6432 praefect['database_user'] = 'praefect' # `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD` is the plain-text password of # Praefect user. Not to be confused with `PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD_HASH`. praefect['database_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD praefect['database_dbname'] = 'praefect_production' praefect['database_direct_dbname'] = 'praefect_production_direct' # There is no need to repeat the following. Parameters of direct # database connection will fall back to the values above. #praefect['database_direct_host'] = PGBOUNCER_HOST #praefect['database_direct_port'] = 6432 #praefect['database_direct_user'] = 'praefect' #praefect['database_direct_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD ``` With this configuration, Praefect uses PgBouncer for both connection types. NOTE: Omnibus GitLab handles the authentication requirements (using `auth_query`), but if you are preparing your databases manually and configuring an external PgBouncer, you must include `praefect` user and its password in the file used by PgBouncer. For example, `userlist.txt` if the [`auth_file`](https://www.pgbouncer.org/config.html#auth_file) configuration option is set. For more details, consult the PgBouncer documentation. #### Configure Praefect to connect directly to PostgreSQL As an alternative to configuring PgBouncer with `session` pool mode, Praefect can be configured to use different connection parameters for direct access to PostgreSQL. This is the connection that supports the `LISTEN` feature. An example of Praefect configuration that bypasses PgBouncer and directly connects to PostgreSQL: ```ruby praefect['database_direct_host'] = POSTGRESQL_HOST praefect['database_direct_port'] = 5432 # Use the following to override parameters of direct database connection. # Comment out where the parameters are the same for both connections. praefect['database_direct_user'] = 'praefect' praefect['database_direct_password'] = PRAEFECT_SQL_PASSWORD praefect['database_direct_dbname'] = 'praefect_production' #praefect['database_direct_sslmode'] = '...' #praefect['database_direct_sslcert'] = '...' #praefect['database_direct_sslkey'] = '...' #praefect['database_direct_sslrootcert'] = '...' ``` ### Praefect > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/2634) in GitLab 13.4, Praefect nodes can no longer be designated as `primary`. If there are multiple Praefect nodes: 1. Designate one node as the deploy node, and configure it using the following steps. 1. Complete the following steps for each additional node. To complete this section you need a [configured PostgreSQL server](#postgresql), including: WARNING: Praefect should be run on a dedicated node. Do not run Praefect on the application server, or a Gitaly node. On the **Praefect** node: 1. Disable all other services by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby # Disable all other services on the Praefect node postgresql['enable'] = false redis['enable'] = false nginx['enable'] = false alertmanager['enable'] = false prometheus['enable'] = false grafana['enable'] = false puma['enable'] = false sidekiq['enable'] = false gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false gitaly['enable'] = false # Enable only the Praefect service praefect['enable'] = true # Disable database migrations to prevent database connections during 'gitlab-ctl reconfigure' gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false praefect['auto_migrate'] = false ``` 1. Configure **Praefect** to listen on network interfaces by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby praefect['listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:2305' ``` 1. Configure Prometheus metrics by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby # Enable Prometheus metrics access to Praefect. You must use firewalls # to restrict access to this address/port. # The default metrics endpoint is /metrics praefect['prometheus_listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9652' # Some metrics run queries against the database. Enabling separate database metrics allows # these metrics to be collected when the metrics are # scraped on a separate /db_metrics endpoint. praefect['separate_database_metrics'] = true ``` 1. Configure a strong `auth_token` for **Praefect** by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. This is needed by clients outside the cluster (like GitLab Shell) to communicate with the Praefect cluster: ```ruby praefect['auth_token'] = 'PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN' ``` 1. Configure **Praefect** to [connect to the PostgreSQL database](#postgresql). We highly recommend using [PgBouncer](#use-pgbouncer) as well. If you want to use a TLS client certificate, the options below can be used: ```ruby # Connect to PostgreSQL using a TLS client certificate # praefect['database_sslcert'] = '/path/to/client-cert' # praefect['database_sslkey'] = '/path/to/client-key' # Trust a custom certificate authority # praefect['database_sslrootcert'] = '/path/to/rootcert' ``` By default, Praefect refuses to make an unencrypted connection to PostgreSQL. You can override this by uncommenting the following line: ```ruby # praefect['database_sslmode'] = 'disable' ``` 1. Configure the **Praefect** cluster to connect to each Gitaly node in the cluster by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. The virtual storage's name must match the configured storage name in GitLab configuration. In a later step, we configure the storage name as `default` so we use `default` here as well. This cluster has three Gitaly nodes `gitaly-1`, `gitaly-2`, and `gitaly-3`, which are intended to be replicas of each other. WARNING: If you have data on an already existing storage called `default`, you should configure the virtual storage with another name and [migrate the data to the Gitaly Cluster storage](index.md#migrating-to-gitaly-cluster) afterwards. Replace `PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN` with a strong secret, which is used by Praefect when communicating with Gitaly nodes in the cluster. This token is distinct from the `PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN`. Replace `GITALY_HOST_*` with the IP or host address of the each Gitaly node. More Gitaly nodes can be added to the cluster to increase the number of replicas. More clusters can also be added for very large GitLab instances. NOTE: When adding additional Gitaly nodes to a virtual storage, all storage names within that virtual storage must be unique. Additionally, all Gitaly node addresses referenced in the Praefect configuration must be unique. ```ruby # Name of storage hash must match storage name in git_data_dirs on GitLab # server ('default') and in git_data_dirs on Gitaly nodes ('gitaly-1') praefect['virtual_storages'] = { 'default' => { 'nodes' => { 'gitaly-1' => { 'address' => 'tcp://GITALY_HOST_1:8075', 'token' => 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN', }, 'gitaly-2' => { 'address' => 'tcp://GITALY_HOST_2:8075', 'token' => 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN' }, 'gitaly-3' => { 'address' => 'tcp://GITALY_HOST_3:8075', 'token' => 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN' } } } } ``` NOTE: In [GitLab 13.8 and earlier](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/merge_requests/4988), Gitaly nodes were configured directly under the virtual storage, and not under the `nodes` key. 1. [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/2013) in GitLab 13.1 and later, enable [distribution of reads](index.md#distributed-reads). 1. Save the changes to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and [reconfigure Praefect](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure): ```shell gitlab-ctl reconfigure ``` 1. For: - The "deploy node": 1. Enable Praefect database auto-migration again by setting `praefect['auto_migrate'] = true` in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. 1. To ensure database migrations are only run during reconfigure and not automatically on upgrade, run: ```shell sudo touch /etc/gitlab/skip-auto-reconfigure ``` - The other nodes, you can leave the settings as they are. Though `/etc/gitlab/skip-auto-reconfigure` isn't required, you may want to set it to prevent GitLab running reconfigure automatically when running commands such as `apt-get update`. This way any additional configuration changes can be done and then reconfigure can be run manually. 1. Save the changes to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and [reconfigure Praefect](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure): ```shell gitlab-ctl reconfigure ``` 1. To ensure that Praefect [has updated its Prometheus listen address](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/2734), [restart Praefect](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-restart): ```shell gitlab-ctl restart praefect ``` 1. Verify that Praefect can reach PostgreSQL: ```shell sudo -u git /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml sql-ping ``` If the check fails, make sure you have followed the steps correctly. If you edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`, remember to run `sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure` again before trying the `sql-ping` command. #### Enable TLS support > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/1698) in GitLab 13.2. Praefect supports TLS encryption. To communicate with a Praefect instance that listens for secure connections, you must: - Ensure Gitaly is [configured for TLS](configure_gitaly.md#enable-tls-support) and use a `tls://` URL scheme in the `gitaly_address` of the corresponding storage entry in the GitLab configuration. - Bring your own certificates because this isn't provided automatically. The certificate corresponding to each Praefect server must be installed on that Praefect server. Additionally the certificate, or its certificate authority, must be installed on all Gitaly servers and on all Praefect clients that communicate with it following the procedure described in [GitLab custom certificate configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl.html#install-custom-public-certificates) (and repeated below). Note the following: - The certificate must specify the address you use to access the Praefect server. If addressing the Praefect server by: - Hostname, you can either use the Common Name field for this, or add it as a Subject Alternative Name. - IP address, you must add it as a Subject Alternative Name to the certificate. - When running Praefect sub-commands such as `dial-nodes` and `list-untracked-repositories` from the command line with [Gitaly TLS enabled](configure_gitaly.md#enable-tls-support), you must set the `SSL_CERT_DIR` or `SSL_CERT_FILE` environment variable so that the Gitaly certificate is trusted. For example: ```shell sudo SSL_CERT_DIR=/etc/gitlab/trusted_certs /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml dial-nodes ``` - You can configure Praefect servers with both an unencrypted listening address `listen_addr` and an encrypted listening address `tls_listen_addr` at the same time. This allows you to do a gradual transition from unencrypted to encrypted traffic, if necessary. To configure Praefect with TLS: **For Omnibus GitLab** 1. Create certificates for Praefect servers. 1. On the Praefect servers, create the `/etc/gitlab/ssl` directory and copy your key and certificate there: ```shell sudo mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl sudo chmod 755 /etc/gitlab/ssl sudo cp key.pem cert.pem /etc/gitlab/ssl/ sudo chmod 644 key.pem cert.pem ``` 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add: ```ruby praefect['tls_listen_addr'] = "0.0.0.0:3305" praefect['certificate_path'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem" praefect['key_path'] = "/etc/gitlab/ssl/key.pem" ``` 1. Save the file and [reconfigure](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure). 1. On the Praefect clients (including each Gitaly server), copy the certificates, or their certificate authority, into `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs`: ```shell sudo cp cert.pem /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/ ``` 1. On the Praefect clients (except Gitaly servers), edit `git_data_dirs` in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` as follows: ```ruby git_data_dirs({ "default" => { "gitaly_address" => 'tls://PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST:3305', "gitaly_token" => 'PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN' } }) ``` 1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure). **For installations from source** 1. Create certificates for Praefect servers. 1. On the Praefect servers, create the `/etc/gitlab/ssl` directory and copy your key and certificate there: ```shell sudo mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl sudo chmod 755 /etc/gitlab/ssl sudo cp key.pem cert.pem /etc/gitlab/ssl/ sudo chmod 644 key.pem cert.pem ``` 1. On the Praefect clients (including each Gitaly server), copy the certificates, or their certificate authority, into the system trusted certificates: ```shell sudo cp cert.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/praefect.crt sudo update-ca-certificates ``` 1. On the Praefect clients (except Gitaly servers), edit `storages` in `/home/git/gitlab/config/gitlab.yml` as follows: ```yaml gitlab: repositories: storages: default: gitaly_address: tls://PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST:3305 path: /some/local/path ``` NOTE: `/some/local/path` should be set to a local folder that exists, however no data is stored in this folder. This requirement is scheduled to be removed when [this issue](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/1282) is resolved. 1. Save the file and [restart GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source). 1. Copy all Praefect server certificates, or their certificate authority, to the system trusted certificates on each Gitaly server so the Praefect server trusts the certificate when called by Gitaly servers: ```shell sudo cp cert.pem /usr/local/share/ca-certificates/praefect.crt sudo update-ca-certificates ``` 1. Edit `/home/git/praefect/config.toml` and add: ```toml tls_listen_addr = '0.0.0.0:3305' [tls] certificate_path = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem' key_path = '/etc/gitlab/ssl/key.pem' ``` 1. Save the file and [restart GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#installations-from-source). ### Gitaly NOTE: Complete these steps for **each** Gitaly node. To complete this section you need: - [Configured Praefect node](#praefect) - 3 (or more) servers, with GitLab installed, to be configured as Gitaly nodes. These should be dedicated nodes, do not run other services on these nodes. Every Gitaly server assigned to the Praefect cluster needs to be configured. The configuration is the same as a normal [standalone Gitaly server](index.md), except: - The storage names are exposed to Praefect, not GitLab - The secret token is shared with Praefect, not GitLab The configuration of all Gitaly nodes in the Praefect cluster can be identical, because we rely on Praefect to route operations correctly. Particular attention should be shown to: - The `gitaly['auth_token']` configured in this section must match the `token` value under `praefect['virtual_storages']['nodes']` on the Praefect node. This was set in the [previous section](#praefect). This document uses the placeholder `PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN` throughout. - The storage names in `git_data_dirs` configured in this section must match the storage names under `praefect['virtual_storages']` on the Praefect node. This was set in the [previous section](#praefect). This document uses `gitaly-1`, `gitaly-2`, and `gitaly-3` as Gitaly storage names. For more information on Gitaly server configuration, see our [Gitaly documentation](configure_gitaly.md#configure-gitaly-servers). 1. SSH into the **Gitaly** node and login as root: ```shell sudo -i ``` 1. Disable all other services by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby # Disable all other services on the Praefect node postgresql['enable'] = false redis['enable'] = false nginx['enable'] = false grafana['enable'] = false puma['enable'] = false sidekiq['enable'] = false gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false prometheus_monitoring['enable'] = false # Enable only the Gitaly service gitaly['enable'] = true # Enable Prometheus if needed prometheus['enable'] = true # Disable database migrations to prevent database connections during 'gitlab-ctl reconfigure' gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false ``` 1. Configure **Gitaly** to listen on network interfaces by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby # Make Gitaly accept connections on all network interfaces. # Use firewalls to restrict access to this address/port. gitaly['listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:8075' # Enable Prometheus metrics access to Gitaly. You must use firewalls # to restrict access to this address/port. gitaly['prometheus_listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9236' ``` 1. Configure a strong `auth_token` for **Gitaly** by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. This is needed by clients to communicate with this Gitaly nodes. Typically, this token is the same for all Gitaly nodes. ```ruby gitaly['auth_token'] = 'PRAEFECT_INTERNAL_TOKEN' ``` 1. Configure the GitLab Shell secret token, which is needed for `git push` operations. Either: - Method 1: 1. Copy `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` from the Gitaly client to same path on the Gitaly servers and any other Gitaly clients. 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) on Gitaly servers. - Method 2: 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. 1. Replace `GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN` with the real secret. ```ruby gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN' ``` 1. Configure and `internal_api_url`, which is also needed for `git push` operations: ```ruby # Configure the gitlab-shell API callback URL. Without this, `git push` will # fail. This can be your front door GitLab URL or an internal load balancer. # Examples: 'https://gitlab.example.com', 'http://1.2.3.4' gitlab_rails['internal_api_url'] = 'http://GITLAB_HOST' ``` 1. Configure the storage location for Git data by setting `git_data_dirs` in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. Each Gitaly node should have a unique storage name (such as `gitaly-1`). Instead of configuring `git_data_dirs` uniquely for each Gitaly node, it is often easier to have include the configuration for all Gitaly nodes on every Gitaly node. This is supported because the Praefect `virtual_storages` configuration maps each storage name (such as `gitaly-1`) to a specific node, and requests are routed accordingly. This means every Gitaly node in your fleet can share the same configuration. ```ruby # You can include the data dirs for all nodes in the same config, because # Praefect will only route requests according to the addresses provided in the # prior step. git_data_dirs({ "gitaly-1" => { "path" => "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data" }, "gitaly-2" => { "path" => "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data" }, "gitaly-3" => { "path" => "/var/opt/gitlab/git-data" } }) ``` 1. Save the changes to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and [reconfigure Gitaly](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure): ```shell gitlab-ctl reconfigure ``` 1. To ensure that Gitaly [has updated its Prometheus listen address](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/2734), [restart Gitaly](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-restart): ```shell gitlab-ctl restart gitaly ``` **The steps above must be completed for each Gitaly node!** After all Gitaly nodes are configured, run the Praefect connection checker to verify Praefect can connect to all Gitaly servers in the Praefect configuration. 1. SSH into each **Praefect** node and run the Praefect connection checker: ```shell sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml dial-nodes ``` ### Load Balancer In a fault-tolerant Gitaly configuration, a load balancer is needed to route internal traffic from the GitLab application to the Praefect nodes. The specifics on which load balancer to use or the exact configuration is beyond the scope of the GitLab documentation. NOTE: The load balancer must be configured to accept traffic from the Gitaly nodes in addition to the GitLab nodes. Some requests handled by [`gitaly-ruby`](configure_gitaly.md#gitaly-ruby) sidecar processes call into the main Gitaly process. `gitaly-ruby` uses the Gitaly address set in the GitLab server's `git_data_dirs` setting to make this connection. We hope that if you're managing fault-tolerant systems like GitLab, you have a load balancer of choice already. Some examples include [HAProxy](https://www.haproxy.org/) (open-source), [Google Internal Load Balancer](https://cloud.google.com/load-balancing/docs/internal/), [AWS Elastic Load Balancer](https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/), F5 Big-IP LTM, and Citrix Net Scaler. This documentation outlines what ports and protocols you need configure. NOTE: We recommend the equivalent of HAProxy `leastconn` load-balancing strategy because long-running operations (for example, clones) keep some connections open for extended periods. | LB Port | Backend Port | Protocol | |:--------|:-------------|:---------| | 2305 | 2305 | TCP | ### GitLab To complete this section you need: - [Configured Praefect node](#praefect) - [Configured Gitaly nodes](#gitaly) The Praefect cluster needs to be exposed as a storage location to the GitLab application. This is done by updating the `git_data_dirs`. Particular attention should be shown to: - the storage name added to `git_data_dirs` in this section must match the storage name under `praefect['virtual_storages']` on the Praefect node(s). This was set in the [Praefect](#praefect) section of this guide. This document uses `default` as the Praefect storage name. 1. SSH into the **GitLab** node and login as root: ```shell sudo -i ``` 1. Configure the `external_url` so that files could be served by GitLab by proper endpoint access by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: You need to replace `GITLAB_SERVER_URL` with the real external facing URL on which current GitLab instance is serving: ```ruby external_url 'GITLAB_SERVER_URL' ``` 1. Disable the default Gitaly service running on the GitLab host. It isn't needed because GitLab connects to the configured cluster. WARNING: If you have existing data stored on the default Gitaly storage, you should [migrate the data your Gitaly Cluster storage](index.md#migrating-to-gitaly-cluster) first. ```ruby gitaly['enable'] = false ``` 1. Add the Praefect cluster as a storage location by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. You need to replace: - `PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST` with the IP address or hostname of the load balancer. - `PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN` with the real secret If you are using TLS: - The `gitaly_address` should begin with `tls://` instead. - The port should be changed to `3305`. ```ruby git_data_dirs({ "default" => { "gitaly_address" => "tcp://PRAEFECT_LOADBALANCER_HOST:2305", "gitaly_token" => 'PRAEFECT_EXTERNAL_TOKEN' } }) ``` 1. Configure the GitLab Shell secret token so that callbacks from Gitaly nodes during a `git push` are properly authenticated. Either: - Method 1: 1. Copy `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` from the Gitaly client to same path on the Gitaly servers and any other Gitaly clients. 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure) on Gitaly servers. - Method 2: 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. 1. Replace `GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN` with the real secret. ```ruby gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'GITLAB_SHELL_SECRET_TOKEN' ``` 1. Add Prometheus monitoring settings by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. If Prometheus is enabled on a different node, make edits on that node instead. You need to replace: - `PRAEFECT_HOST` with the IP address or hostname of the Praefect node - `GITALY_HOST_*` with the IP address or hostname of each Gitaly node ```ruby prometheus['scrape_configs'] = [ { 'job_name' => 'praefect', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => [ 'PRAEFECT_HOST:9652', # praefect-1 'PRAEFECT_HOST:9652', # praefect-2 'PRAEFECT_HOST:9652', # praefect-3 ] ] }, { 'job_name' => 'praefect-gitaly', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => [ 'GITALY_HOST_1:9236', # gitaly-1 'GITALY_HOST_2:9236', # gitaly-2 'GITALY_HOST_3:9236', # gitaly-3 ] ] } ] ``` 1. Save the changes to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure): ```shell gitlab-ctl reconfigure ``` 1. Verify on each Gitaly node the Git Hooks can reach GitLab. On each Gitaly node run: ```shell /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitaly-hooks check /var/opt/gitlab/gitaly/config.toml ``` 1. Verify that GitLab can reach Praefect: ```shell gitlab-rake gitlab:gitaly:check ``` 1. Check that the Praefect storage is configured to store new repositories: 1. On the top bar, select **Menu > Admin**. 1. On the left sidebar, select **Settings > Repository**. 1. Expand the **Repository storage** section. Following this guide, the `default` storage should have weight 100 to store all new repositories. 1. Verify everything is working by creating a new project. Check the "Initialize repository with a README" box so that there is content in the repository that viewed. If the project is created, and you can see the README file, it works! #### Use TCP for existing GitLab instances When adding Gitaly Cluster to an existing Gitaly instance, the existing Gitaly storage must use a TCP address. If `gitaly_address` is not specified, then a Unix socket is used, which prevents the communication with the cluster. For example: ```ruby git_data_dirs({ 'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://old-gitaly.internal:8075' }, 'cluster' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://:2305', 'gitaly_token' => '' } }) ``` See [Mixed Configuration](configure_gitaly.md#mixed-configuration) for further information on running multiple Gitaly storages. ### Grafana Grafana is included with GitLab, and can be used to monitor your Praefect cluster. See [Grafana Dashboard Service](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/grafana.html) for detailed documentation. To get started quickly: 1. SSH into the **GitLab** node (or whichever node has Grafana enabled) and login as root: ```shell sudo -i ``` 1. Enable the Grafana login form by editing `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`. ```ruby grafana['disable_login_form'] = false ``` 1. Save the changes to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#omnibus-gitlab-reconfigure): ```shell gitlab-ctl reconfigure ``` 1. Set the Grafana administrator password. This command prompts you to enter a new password: ```shell gitlab-ctl set-grafana-password ``` 1. In your web browser, open `/-/grafana` (such as `https://gitlab.example.com/-/grafana`) on your GitLab server. Login using the password you set, and the username `admin`. 1. Go to **Explore** and query `gitlab_build_info` to verify that you are getting metrics from all your machines. Congratulations! You've configured an observable fault-tolerant Praefect cluster. ## Configure replication factor WARNING: Configurable replication factors require [repository-specific primary nodes](#repository-specific-primary-nodes) to be used. Praefect supports configuring a replication factor on a per-repository basis, by assigning specific storage nodes to host a repository. Praefect does not store the actual replication factor, but assigns enough storages to host the repository so the desired replication factor is met. If a storage node is later removed from the virtual storage, the replication factor of repositories assigned to the storage is decreased accordingly. You can configure: - A default replication factor for each virtual storage that is applied to newly-created repositories. The configuration is added to the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` file: ```ruby praefect['virtual_storages'] = { 'default' => { 'default_replication_factor' => 1, # ... } } ``` - A replication factor for an existing repository using the `set-replication-factor` sub-command. `set-replication-factor` automatically assigns or unassigns random storage nodes as necessary to reach the desired replication factor. The repository's primary node is always assigned first and is never unassigned. ```shell sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml set-replication-factor -virtual-storage -repository -replication-factor ``` - `-virtual-storage` is the virtual storage the repository is located in. - `-repository` is the repository's relative path in the storage. - `-replication-factor` is the desired replication factor of the repository. The minimum value is `1`, as the primary needs a copy of the repository. The maximum replication factor is the number of storages in the virtual storage. On success, the assigned host storages are printed. For example: ```shell $ sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/praefect -config /var/opt/gitlab/praefect/config.toml set-replication-factor -virtual-storage default -repository @hashed/3f/db/3fdba35f04dc8c462986c992bcf875546257113072a909c162f7e470e581e278.git -replication-factor 2 current assignments: gitaly-1, gitaly-2 ``` If `default_replication_factor` is unset, the repositories are always replicated on every node defined in `virtual_storages`. If a new node is introduced to the virtual storage, both new and existing repositories are replicated to the node automatically. ## Automatic failover and primary election strategies Praefect regularly checks the health of each Gitaly node. This is used to automatically fail over to a newly-elected primary Gitaly node if the current primary node is found to be unhealthy. We recommend using [repository-specific primary nodes](#repository-specific-primary-nodes). This is [the only available election strategy](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/3574) from GitLab 14.0. ### Repository-specific primary nodes > [Introduced](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/issues/3492) in GitLab 13.12. Gitaly Cluster supports electing repository-specific primary Gitaly nodes. Repository-specific Gitaly primary nodes are enabled in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` by setting `praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'per_repository'`. Praefect's [deprecated election strategies](#deprecated-election-strategies): - Elected a primary Gitaly node for each virtual storage, which was used as the primary node for each repository in the virtual storage. - Prevented horizontal scaling of a virtual storage. The primary Gitaly node needed a replica of each repository and thus became the bottleneck. The `per_repository` election strategy solves this problem by electing a primary Gitaly node separately for each repository. Combined with [configurable replication factors](#configure-replication-factor), you can horizontally scale storage capacity and distribute write load across Gitaly nodes. Primary elections are run: - In GitLab 14.1 and later, lazily. This means that Praefect doesn't immediately elect a new primary node if the current one is unhealthy. A new primary is elected if it is necessary to serve a request while the current primary is unavailable. - In GitLab 13.12 to GitLab 14.0 when: - Praefect starts up. - The cluster's consensus of a Gitaly node's health changes. A valid primary node candidate is a Gitaly node that: - Is healthy. A Gitaly node is considered healthy if `>=50%` Praefect nodes have successfully health checked the Gitaly node in the previous ten seconds. - Has a fully up to date copy of the repository. If there are multiple primary node candidates, Praefect: - Picks one of them randomly. - Prioritizes promoting a Gitaly node that is assigned to host the repository. If there are no assigned Gitaly nodes to elect as the primary, Praefect may temporarily elect an unassigned one. The unassigned primary is demoted in favor of an assigned one when one becomes available. If there are no valid primary candidates for a repository: - The unhealthy primary node is demoted and the repository is left without a primary node. - Operations that require a primary node fail until a primary is successfully elected. #### Migrate to repository-specific primary Gitaly nodes New Gitaly Clusters can start using the `per_repository` election strategy immediately. To migrate existing clusters: 1. Praefect nodes didn't historically keep database records of every repository stored on the cluster. When the `per_repository` election strategy is configured, Praefect expects to have database records of each repository. A [background database migration](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitaly/-/merge_requests/2749) is included in GitLab 13.6 and later to create any missing database records for repositories. Before migrating, check Praefect's logs to verify that the database migration ran. Check Praefect's logs for `repository importer finished` message. The `virtual_storages` field contains the names of virtual storages and whether they've had any missing database records created. For example, the `default` virtual storage has been successfully migrated: ```json {"level":"info","msg":"repository importer finished","pid":19752,"time":"2021-04-28T11:41:36.743Z","virtual_storages":{"default":true}} ``` If a virtual storage has not been successfully migrated, it would have `false` next to it: ```json {"level":"info","msg":"repository importer finished","pid":19752,"time":"2021-04-28T11:41:36.743Z","virtual_storages":{"default":false}} ``` The database migration runs when Praefect starts. If the database migration is unsuccessful, you can restart a Praefect node to reattempt it. 1. Running two different election strategies side by side can cause a split brain, where different Praefect nodes consider repositories to have different primaries. This can be avoided either: - If a short downtime is acceptable: 1. Shut down all Praefect nodes before changing the election strategy. Do this by running `gitlab-ctl stop praefect` on the Praefect nodes. 1. On the Praefect nodes, configure the election strategy in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` with `praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'per_repository'`. 1. Run `gitlab-ctl reconfigure && gitlab-ctl start` to reconfigure and start the Praefects. - If downtime is unacceptable: 1. Determine which Gitaly node is [the current primary](troubleshooting.md#determine-primary-gitaly-node). 1. Comment out the secondary Gitaly nodes from the virtual storage's configuration in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` on all Praefect nodes. This ensures there's only one Gitaly node configured, causing both of the election strategies to elect the same Gitaly node as the primary. 1. Run `gitlab-ctl reconfigure` on all Praefect nodes. Wait until all Praefect processes have restarted and the old processes have exited. This can take up to one minute. 1. On all Praefect nodes, configure the election strategy in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` with `praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'per_repository'`. 1. Run `gitlab-ctl reconfigure` on all Praefect nodes. Wait until all of the Praefect processes have restarted and the old processes have exited. This can take up to one minute. 1. Uncomment the secondary Gitaly node configuration commented out in the earlier step on all Praefect nodes. 1. Run `gitlab-ctl reconfigure` on all Praefect nodes to reconfigure and restart the Praefect processes. ### Deprecated election strategies WARNING: The below election strategies are deprecated and were removed in GitLab 14.0. Migrate to [repository-specific primary nodes](#repository-specific-primary-nodes). - **PostgreSQL:** Enabled by default until GitLab 14.0, and equivalent to: `praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'sql'`. This configuration option: - Allows multiple Praefect nodes to coordinate via the PostgreSQL database to elect a primary Gitaly node. - Causes Praefect nodes to elect a new primary Gitaly node, monitor its health, and elect a new primary Gitaly node if the current one is not reached within 10 seconds by a majority of the Praefect nodes. - **Memory:** Enabled by setting `praefect['failover_election_strategy'] = 'local'` in `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` on the Praefect node. If a sufficient number of health checks fail for the current primary Gitaly node, a new primary is elected. **Do not use with multiple Praefect nodes!** Using with multiple Praefect nodes is likely to result in a split brain.