--- stage: Systems group: Distribution info: To determine the technical writer assigned to the Stage/Group associated with this page, see https://handbook.gitlab.com/handbook/product/ux/technical-writing/#assignments --- # Reference architecture: up to 2,000 users **(FREE SELF)** This page describes the GitLab reference architecture designed for the load of up to 2,000 users with notable headroom (non-HA). For a full list of reference architectures, see [Available reference architectures](index.md#available-reference-architectures). > - **Target Load:** API: 40 RPS, Web: 4 RPS, Git (Pull): 4 RPS, Git (Push): 1 RPS > - **High Availability:** No. For a highly-available environment, you can > follow a modified [3K reference architecture](3k_users.md#supported-modifications-for-lower-user-counts-ha). > - **Estimated Costs:** [See cost table](index.md#cost-to-run) > - **Cloud Native Hybrid:** [Yes](#cloud-native-hybrid-reference-architecture-with-helm-charts-alternative) > - **Unsure which Reference Architecture to use?** [Go to this guide for more info](index.md#deciding-which-architecture-to-use). | Service | Nodes | Configuration | GCP | AWS | Azure | |----------------------------|-------|------------------------|-----------------|--------------|----------| | Load balancer3 | 1 | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB memory | `n1-highcpu-2` | `c5.large` | `F2s v2` | | PostgreSQL1 | 1 | 2 vCPU, 7.5 GB memory | `n1-standard-2` | `m5.large` | `D2s v3` | | Redis2 | 1 | 1 vCPU, 3.75 GB memory | `n1-standard-1` | `m5.large` | `D2s v3` | | Gitaly5 | 1 | 4 vCPU, 15 GB memory5 | `n1-standard-4` | `m5.xlarge` | `D4s v3` | | Sidekiq6 | 1 | 4 vCPU, 15 GB memory | `n1-standard-4` | `m5.xlarge` | `D4s v3` | | GitLab Rails6 | 2 | 8 vCPU, 7.2 GB memory | `n1-highcpu-8` | `c5.2xlarge` | `F8s v2` | | Monitoring node | 1 | 2 vCPU, 1.8 GB memory | `n1-highcpu-2` | `c5.large` | `F2s v2` | | Object storage4 | - | - | - | - | - | 1. Can be optionally run on reputable third-party external PaaS PostgreSQL solutions. See [Provide your own PostgreSQL instance](#provide-your-own-postgresql-instance) and [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. 2. Can be optionally run on reputable third-party external PaaS Redis solutions. See [Provide your own Redis instance](#provide-your-own-redis-instance) and [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. 3. Can be optionally run on reputable third-party load balancing services (LB PaaS). See [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. 4. Should be run on reputable Cloud Provider or Self Managed solutions. See [Configure the object storage](#configure-the-object-storage) for more information. 5. Gitaly specifications are based on the use of normal-sized repositories in good health. However, if you have large monorepos (larger than several gigabytes) this can **significantly** impact Git and Gitaly performance and an increase of specifications will likely be required. Refer to [large monorepos](index.md#large-monorepos) for more information. 6. Can be placed in Auto Scaling Groups (ASGs) as the component doesn't store any [stateful data](index.md#autoscaling-of-stateful-nodes). However, for GitLab Rails certain processes like [migrations](#gitlab-rails-post-configuration) and [Mailroom](../incoming_email.md) should be run on only one node. NOTE: For all PaaS solutions that involve configuring instances, it's recommended to deploy them over multiple availability zones for resilience if desired. ```plantuml @startuml 2k skinparam linetype ortho card "**External Load Balancer**" as elb #6a9be7 collections "**GitLab Rails** x2" as gitlab #32CD32 card "**Prometheus**" as monitor #7FFFD4 card "**Gitaly**" as gitaly #FF8C00 card "**PostgreSQL**" as postgres #4EA7FF card "**Redis**" as redis #FF6347 cloud "**Object Storage**" as object_storage #white elb -[#6a9be7]-> gitlab elb -[#6a9be7]--> monitor gitlab -[#32CD32]--> gitaly gitlab -[#32CD32]--> postgres gitlab -[#32CD32]-> object_storage gitlab -[#32CD32]--> redis monitor .[#7FFFD4]u-> gitlab monitor .[#7FFFD4]-> gitaly monitor .[#7FFFD4]-> postgres monitor .[#7FFFD4,norank]--> redis monitor .[#7FFFD4,norank]u--> elb @enduml ``` ## Requirements Before starting, see the [requirements](index.md#requirements) for reference architectures. ## Testing methodology The 2k architecture is designed to cover a large majority of workflows and is regularly [smoke and performance tested](index.md#validation-and-test-results) by the Quality Engineering team against the following endpoint throughput targets: - API: 40 RPS - Web: 4 RPS - Git (Pull): 4 RPS - Git (Push): 1 RPS The above targets were selected based on real customer data of total environmental loads corresponding to the user count, including CI and other workloads along with additional substantial headroom added. If you have metrics to suggest that you have regularly higher throughput against the above endpoint targets, [large monorepos](index.md#large-monorepos) or notable [additional workloads](index.md#additional-workloads) these can notably impact the performance environment and [further adjustments may be required](index.md#scaling-an-environment). If this applies to you, we strongly recommended referring to the linked documentation as well as reaching out to your [Customer Success Manager](https://handbook.gitlab.com/job-families/sales/customer-success-management/) or our [Support team](https://about.gitlab.com/support/) for further guidance. Testing is done regularly via our [GitLab Performance Tool (GPT)](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance) and its dataset, which is available for anyone to use. The results of this testing are [available publicly on the GPT wiki](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/quality/performance/-/wikis/Benchmarks/Latest). For more information on our testing strategy [refer to this section of the documentation](index.md#validation-and-test-results). The load balancers used for testing were HAProxy for Linux package environments or equivalent Cloud Provider services via NGINX Ingress for Cloud Native Hybrids. Note that these selections do not represent a specific requirement or recommendation as most [reputable load balancers are expected to work](#configure-the-external-load-balancer). ## Setup components To set up GitLab and its components to accommodate up to 2,000 users: 1. [Configure the external load balancing node](#configure-the-external-load-balancer) to handle the load balancing of the GitLab application services nodes. 1. [Configure PostgreSQL](#configure-postgresql), the database for GitLab. 1. [Configure Redis](#configure-redis). 1. [Configure Gitaly](#configure-gitaly), which provides access to the Git repositories. 1. [Configure the main GitLab Rails application](#configure-gitlab-rails) to run Puma, Workhorse, GitLab Shell, and to serve all frontend requests (which include UI, API, and Git over HTTP/SSH). 1. [Configure Prometheus](#configure-prometheus) to monitor your GitLab environment. 1. [Configure the object storage](#configure-the-object-storage) used for shared data objects. 1. [Configure advanced search](#configure-advanced-search) (optional) for faster, more advanced code search across your entire GitLab instance. ## Configure the external load balancer In a multi-node GitLab configuration, you'll need a load balancer to route traffic to the application servers. The specifics on which load balancer to use, or its exact configuration is beyond the scope of GitLab documentation. It is expected however that any reputable load balancer should work and as such this section will focus on the specifics of what to configure for your load balancer of choice. ### Balancing algorithm We recommend that a least-connection load balancing algorithm or equivalent is used wherever possible to ensure equal spread of calls to the nodes and good performance. We don't recommend the use of round-robin algorithms as they are known to not spread connections equally in practice. ### Readiness checks Ensure the external load balancer only routes to working services with built in monitoring endpoints. The [readiness checks](../monitoring/health_check.md) all require [additional configuration](../monitoring/ip_allowlist.md) on the nodes being checked, otherwise, the external load balancer will not be able to connect. ### Ports The basic ports to be used are shown in the table below. | LB Port | Backend Port | Protocol | | ------- | ------------ | ------------------------ | | 80 | 80 | HTTP (*1*) | | 443 | 443 | TCP or HTTPS (*1*) (*2*) | | 22 | 22 | TCP | - (*1*): [Web terminal](../../ci/environments/index.md#web-terminals-deprecated) support requires your load balancer to correctly handle WebSocket connections. When using HTTP or HTTPS proxying, this means your load balancer must be configured to pass through the `Connection` and `Upgrade` hop-by-hop headers. See the [web terminal](../integration/terminal.md) integration guide for more details. - (*2*): When using HTTPS protocol for port 443, you will need to add an SSL certificate to the load balancers. If you wish to terminate SSL at the GitLab application server instead, use TCP protocol. If you're using GitLab Pages with custom domain support you will need some additional port configurations. GitLab Pages requires a separate virtual IP address. Configure DNS to point the `pages_external_url` from `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` at the new virtual IP address. See the [GitLab Pages documentation](../pages/index.md) for more information. | LB Port | Backend Port | Protocol | | ------- | ------------- | --------- | | 80 | Varies (*1*) | HTTP | | 443 | Varies (*1*) | TCP (*2*) | - (*1*): The backend port for GitLab Pages depends on the `gitlab_pages['external_http']` and `gitlab_pages['external_https']` setting. See [GitLab Pages documentation](../pages/index.md) for more details. - (*2*): Port 443 for GitLab Pages should always use the TCP protocol. Users can configure custom domains with custom SSL, which would not be possible if SSL was terminated at the load balancer. #### Alternate SSH Port Some organizations have policies against opening SSH port 22. In this case, it may be helpful to configure an alternate SSH hostname that allows users to use SSH on port 443. An alternate SSH hostname will require a new virtual IP address compared to the other GitLab HTTP configuration above. Configure DNS for an alternate SSH hostname such as `altssh.gitlab.example.com`. | LB Port | Backend Port | Protocol | | ------- | ------------ | -------- | | 443 | 22 | TCP | ### SSL The next question is how you will handle SSL in your environment. There are several different options: - [The application node terminates SSL](#application-node-terminates-ssl). - [The load balancer terminates SSL without backend SSL](#load-balancer-terminates-ssl-without-backend-ssl) and communication is not secure between the load balancer and the application node. - [The load balancer terminates SSL with backend SSL](#load-balancer-terminates-ssl-with-backend-ssl) and communication is *secure* between the load balancer and the application node. #### Application node terminates SSL Configure your load balancer to pass connections on port 443 as `TCP` rather than `HTTP(S)` protocol. This will pass the connection to the application node's NGINX service untouched. NGINX will have the SSL certificate and listen on port 443. See the [HTTPS documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl/index.html) for details on managing SSL certificates and configuring NGINX. #### Load balancer terminates SSL without backend SSL Configure your load balancer to use the `HTTP(S)` protocol rather than `TCP`. The load balancer will then be responsible for managing SSL certificates and terminating SSL. Since communication between the load balancer and GitLab will not be secure, there is some additional configuration needed. See the [proxied SSL documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl/index.html#configure-a-reverse-proxy-or-load-balancer-ssl-termination) for details. #### Load balancer terminates SSL with backend SSL Configure your load balancers to use the 'HTTP(S)' protocol rather than 'TCP'. The load balancers will be responsible for managing SSL certificates that end users will see. Traffic will also be secure between the load balancers and NGINX in this scenario. There is no need to add configuration for proxied SSL since the connection will be secure all the way. However, configuration will need to be added to GitLab to configure SSL certificates. See the [HTTPS documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl/index.html) for details on managing SSL certificates and configuring NGINX.
Back to setup components
## Configure PostgreSQL In this section, you'll be guided through configuring an external PostgreSQL database to be used with GitLab. ### Provide your own PostgreSQL instance You can optionally use a [third party external service for PostgreSQL](../../administration/postgresql/external.md). A reputable provider or solution should be used for this. [Google Cloud SQL](https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/postgres/high-availability#normal) and [Amazon RDS](https://aws.amazon.com/rds/) are known to work. However, Amazon Aurora is **incompatible** with load balancing enabled by default from [14.4.0](../../update/versions/gitlab_14_changes.md#1440). See [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. If you use a third party external service: 1. Note that the HA Linux package PostgreSQL setup encompasses PostgreSQL, PgBouncer and Consul. All of these components would no longer be required when using a third party external service. 1. Set up PostgreSQL according to the [database requirements document](../../install/requirements.md#database). 1. Set up a `gitlab` username with a password of your choice. The `gitlab` user needs privileges to create the `gitlabhq_production` database. 1. Configure the GitLab application servers with the appropriate details. This step is covered in [Configuring the GitLab Rails application](#configure-gitlab-rails). ### Standalone PostgreSQL using the Linux package 1. SSH in to the PostgreSQL server. 1. [Download and install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Linux package of your choice. Be sure to follow _only_ installation steps 1 and 2 on the page. 1. Generate a password hash for PostgreSQL. This assumes you will use the default username of `gitlab` (recommended). The command will request a password and confirmation. Use the value that is output by this command in the next step as the value of `POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH`. ```shell sudo gitlab-ctl pg-password-md5 gitlab ``` 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents below, updating placeholder values appropriately. - `POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH` - The value output from the previous step - `APPLICATION_SERVER_IP_BLOCKS` - A space delimited list of IP subnets or IP addresses of the GitLab application servers that will connect to the database. Example: `%w(123.123.123.123/32 123.123.123.234/32)` ```ruby # Disable all components except PostgreSQL related ones roles(['postgres_role']) # Set the network addresses that the exporters used for monitoring will listen on node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100' postgres_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9187' postgres_exporter['dbname'] = 'gitlabhq_production' postgres_exporter['password'] = 'POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH' # Set the PostgreSQL address and port postgresql['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0' postgresql['port'] = 5432 # Replace POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH with a generated md5 value postgresql['sql_user_password'] = 'POSTGRESQL_PASSWORD_HASH' # Replace APPLICATION_SERVER_IP_BLOCK with the CIDR address of the application node postgresql['trust_auth_cidr_addresses'] = %w(127.0.0.1/32 APPLICATION_SERVER_IP_BLOCK) # Prevent database migrations from running on upgrade automatically gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false ``` 1. Copy the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` file from the first Linux package node you configured and add or replace the file of the same name on this server. If this is the first Linux package you are configuring then you can skip this step. 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation) for the changes to take effect. 1. Note the PostgreSQL node's IP address or hostname, port, and plain text password. These will be necessary when configuring the [GitLab application server](#configure-gitlab-rails) later. Advanced [configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html) are supported and can be added if needed.
Back to setup components
## Configure Redis In this section, you'll be guided through configuring an external Redis instance to be used with GitLab. NOTE: Redis is primarily single threaded and doesn't significantly benefit from an increase in CPU cores. Refer to the [scaling documentation](index.md#scaling-an-environment) for more information. ### Provide your own Redis instance You can optionally use a [third party external service for the Redis instance](../redis/replication_and_failover_external.md#redis-as-a-managed-service-in-a-cloud-provider) with the following guidance: - A reputable provider or solution should be used for this. [Google Memorystore](https://cloud.google.com/memorystore/docs/redis/redis-overview) and [AWS ElastiCache](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonElastiCache/latest/red-ug/WhatIs.html) are known to work. - Redis Cluster mode is specifically not supported, but Redis Standalone with HA is. For more information, see [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services). ### Standalone Redis using the Linux package The Linux package can be used to configure a standalone Redis server. The steps below are the minimum necessary to configure a Redis server with the Linux package: 1. SSH in to the Redis server. 1. [Download and install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Linux package of your choice. Be sure to follow _only_ installation steps 1 and 2 on the page. 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents: ```ruby ## Enable Redis roles(["redis_master_role"]) redis['bind'] = '0.0.0.0' redis['port'] = 6379 redis['password'] = 'SECRET_PASSWORD_HERE' gitlab_rails['enable'] = false # Set the network addresses that the exporters used for monitoring will listen on node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100' redis_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9121' redis_exporter['flags'] = { 'redis.addr' => 'redis://0.0.0.0:6379', 'redis.password' => 'SECRET_PASSWORD_HERE', } ``` 1. Copy the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` file from the first Linux package node you configured and add or replace the file of the same name on this server. If this is the first Linux package node you are configuring then you can skip this step. 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation) for the changes to take effect. 1. Note the Redis node's IP address or hostname, port, and Redis password. These will be necessary when [configuring the GitLab application servers](#configure-gitlab-rails) later. Advanced [configuration options](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/redis.html) are supported and can be added if needed.
Back to setup components
## Configure Gitaly [Gitaly](../gitaly/index.md) server node requirements are dependent on data size, specifically the number of projects and those projects' sizes. WARNING: **Gitaly specifications are based on high percentiles of both usage patterns and repository sizes in good health.** **However, if you have [large monorepos](index.md#large-monorepos) (larger than several gigabytes) or [additional workloads](index.md#additional-workloads) these can *significantly* impact the performance of the environment and further adjustments may be required.** If this applies to you, we strongly recommended referring to the linked documentation as well as reaching out to your [Customer Success Manager](https://handbook.gitlab.com/job-families/sales/customer-success-management/) or our [Support team](https://about.gitlab.com/support/) for further guidance. Due to Gitaly having notable input and output requirements, we strongly recommend that all Gitaly nodes use solid-state drives (SSDs). These SSDs should have a throughput of at least 8,000 input/output operations per second (IOPS) for read operations and 2,000 IOPS for write operations. If you're running the environment on a Cloud provider, refer to their documentation about how to configure IOPS correctly. Be sure to note the following items: - The GitLab Rails application shards repositories into [repository storage paths](../repository_storage_paths.md). - A Gitaly server can host one or more storage paths. - A GitLab server can use one or more Gitaly server nodes. - Gitaly addresses must be specified to be correctly resolvable for *all* Gitaly clients. - Gitaly servers must not be exposed to the public internet, as Gitaly's network traffic is unencrypted by default. The use of a firewall is highly recommended to restrict access to the Gitaly server. Another option is to [use TLS](#gitaly-tls-support). NOTE: The token referred to throughout the Gitaly documentation is an arbitrary password selected by the administrator. This token is unrelated to tokens created for the GitLab API or other similar web API tokens. The following procedure describes how to configure a single Gitaly server named `gitaly1.internal` with the secret token `gitalysecret`. We assume your GitLab installation has two repository storages: `default` and `storage1`. To configure the Gitaly server, on the server node you want to use for Gitaly: 1. [Download and install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Linux package package of your choice. Be sure to follow _only_ installation steps 1 and 2 on the page, and _do not_ provide the `EXTERNAL_URL` value. 1. Edit the Gitaly server node's `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` file to configure storage paths, enable the network listener, and to configure the token: NOTE: You can't remove the `default` entry from `gitaly['configuration'][:storage]` because [GitLab requires it](../gitaly/configure_gitaly.md#gitlab-requires-a-default-repository-storage). ```ruby # Avoid running unnecessary services on the Gitaly server postgresql['enable'] = false redis['enable'] = false nginx['enable'] = false puma['enable'] = false sidekiq['enable'] = false gitlab_workhorse['enable'] = false prometheus['enable'] = false alertmanager['enable'] = false gitlab_exporter['enable'] = false gitlab_kas['enable'] = false # Prevent database migrations from running on upgrade automatically gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false # Configure the gitlab-shell API callback URL. Without this, `git push` will # fail. This can be your 'front door' GitLab URL or an internal load # balancer. gitlab_rails['internal_api_url'] = 'https://gitlab.example.com' # Gitaly gitaly['enable'] = true # The secret token is used for authentication callbacks from Gitaly to the GitLab internal API. # This must match the respective value in GitLab Rails application setup. gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'shellsecret' # Set the network addresses that the exporters used for monitoring will listen on node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100' gitaly['configuration'] = { # ... # # Make Gitaly accept connections on all network interfaces. You must use # firewalls to restrict access to this address/port. # Comment out following line if you only want to support TLS connections listen_addr: '0.0.0.0:8075', prometheus_listen_addr: '0.0.0.0:9236', # Gitaly Auth Token # Should be the same as praefect_internal_token auth: { # ... # # Gitaly's authentication token is used to authenticate gRPC requests to Gitaly. This must match # the respective value in GitLab Rails application setup. token: 'gitalysecret', }, # Gitaly Pack-objects cache # Recommended to be enabled for improved performance but can notably increase disk I/O # Refer to https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/gitaly/configure_gitaly.html#pack-objects-cache for more info pack_objects_cache: { # ... enabled: true, }, storage: [ { name: 'default', path: '/var/opt/gitlab/git-data', }, { name: 'storage1', path: '/mnt/gitlab/git-data', }, ], } ``` 1. Copy the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` file from the first Linux package node you configured and add or replace the file of the same name on this server. If this is the first Linux package node you are configuring then you can skip this step. 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation) for the changes to take effect. 1. Confirm that Gitaly can perform callbacks to the internal API: - For GitLab 15.3 and later, run `sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitaly check /var/opt/gitlab/gitaly/config.toml`. - For GitLab 15.2 and earlier, run `sudo /opt/gitlab/embedded/bin/gitaly-hooks check /var/opt/gitlab/gitaly/config.toml`. ### Gitaly TLS support Gitaly supports TLS encryption. To be able to communicate with a Gitaly instance that listens for secure connections you will need to use `tls://` URL scheme in the `gitaly_address` of the corresponding storage entry in the GitLab configuration. You will need to bring your own certificates as this isn't provided automatically. The certificate, or its certificate authority, must be installed on all Gitaly nodes (including the Gitaly node using the certificate) and on all client nodes that communicate with it following the procedure described in [GitLab custom certificate configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl/index.html#install-custom-public-certificates). NOTE: The self-signed certificate must specify the address you use to access the Gitaly server. If you are addressing the Gitaly server by a hostname, add it as a Subject Alternative Name. If you are addressing the Gitaly server by its IP address, you must add it as a Subject Alternative Name to the certificate. It's possible to configure Gitaly servers with both an unencrypted listening address (`listen_addr`) and an encrypted listening address (`tls_listen_addr`) at the same time. This allows you to do a gradual transition from unencrypted to encrypted traffic, if necessary. To configure Gitaly with TLS: 1. Create the `/etc/gitlab/ssl` directory and copy your key and certificate there: ```shell sudo mkdir -p /etc/gitlab/ssl sudo chmod 755 /etc/gitlab/ssl sudo cp key.pem cert.pem /etc/gitlab/ssl/ sudo chmod 644 key.pem cert.pem ``` 1. Copy the cert to `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs` so Gitaly will trust the cert when calling into itself: ```shell sudo cp /etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/ ``` 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add: ```ruby gitaly['configuration'] = { # ... tls_listen_addr: '0.0.0.0:9999', tls: { certificate_path: '/etc/gitlab/ssl/cert.pem', key_path: '/etc/gitlab/ssl/key.pem', }, } ``` 1. Delete `gitaly['listen_addr']` to allow only encrypted connections. 1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation).
Back to setup components
## Configure Sidekiq Sidekiq requires connection to the [Redis](#configure-redis), [PostgreSQL](#configure-postgresql) and [Gitaly](#configure-gitaly) instances. It also requires a connection to [Object Storage](#configure-the-object-storage) as recommended. NOTE: If you find that the environment's Sidekiq job processing is slow with long queues you can scale it accordingly. Refer to the [scaling documentation](index.md#scaling-an-environment) for more information. To configure the Sidekiq server, on the server node you want to use for Sidekiq: 1. SSH in to the Sidekiq server. 1. [Download and install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Linux package of your choice. Be sure to follow _only_ installation steps 1 and 2 on the page. 1. Create or edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and use the following configuration: ```ruby # https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/roles/#sidekiq-roles roles(["sidekiq_role"]) # External URL external_url 'https://gitlab.example.com' ## Redis connection details gitlab_rails['redis_port'] = '6379' gitlab_rails['redis_host'] = '10.1.0.6' # IP/hostname of Redis server gitlab_rails['redis_password'] = 'Redis Password' # Gitaly and GitLab use two shared secrets for authentication, one to authenticate gRPC requests # to Gitaly, and a second for authentication callbacks from GitLab-Shell to the GitLab internal API. # The following two values must be the same as their respective values # of the Gitaly setup gitlab_rails['gitaly_token'] = 'gitalysecret' gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'shellsecret' git_data_dirs({ 'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' }, 'storage1' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' }, 'storage2' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly2.internal:8075' }, }) ## PostgreSQL connection details gitlab_rails['db_adapter'] = 'postgresql' gitlab_rails['db_encoding'] = 'unicode' gitlab_rails['db_host'] = '10.1.0.5' # IP/hostname of database server gitlab_rails['db_password'] = 'DB password' ## Prevent database migrations from running on upgrade automatically gitlab_rails['auto_migrate'] = false # Sidekiq sidekiq['enable'] = true sidekiq['listen_address'] = "0.0.0.0" ## Set number of Sidekiq queue processes to the same number as available CPUs sidekiq['queue_groups'] = ['*'] * 4 ## Set number of Sidekiq threads per queue process to the recommend number of 20 sidekiq['max_concurrency'] = 20 ## Set the network addresses that the exporters will listen on node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100' # Object Storage ## This is an example for configuring Object Storage on GCP ## Replace this config with your chosen Object Storage provider as desired gitlab_rails['object_store']['enabled'] = true gitlab_rails['object_store']['connection'] = { 'provider' => 'Google', 'google_project' => '', 'google_json_key_location' => '' } gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['artifacts']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['external_diffs']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['lfs']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['uploads']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['packages']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['dependency_proxy']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['terraform_state']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { 'provider' => 'Google', 'google_project' => '', 'google_json_key_location' => '' } gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = "" gitlab_rails['ci_secure_files_object_store_enabled'] = true gitlab_rails['ci_secure_files_object_store_remote_directory'] = "gcp-ci_secure_files-bucket-name" gitlab_rails['ci_secure_files_object_store_connection'] = { 'provider' => 'Google', 'google_project' => '', 'google_json_key_location' => '' } ``` 1. Copy the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` file from the first Linux package node you configured and add or replace the file of the same name on this server. If this is the first Linux package node you are configuring then you can skip this step. 1. To ensure database migrations are only run during reconfigure and not automatically on upgrade, run: ```shell sudo touch /etc/gitlab/skip-auto-reconfigure ``` Only a single designated node should handle migrations as detailed in the [GitLab Rails post-configuration](#gitlab-rails-post-configuration) section. 1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation). 1. Verify the GitLab services are running: ```shell sudo gitlab-ctl status ``` The output should be similar to the following: ```plaintext run: logrotate: (pid 192292) 2990s; run: log: (pid 26374) 93048s run: node-exporter: (pid 26864) 92997s; run: log: (pid 26446) 93036s run: sidekiq: (pid 26870) 92996s; run: log: (pid 26391) 93042s ``` ## Configure GitLab Rails This section describes how to configure the GitLab application (Rails) component. In our architecture, we run each GitLab Rails node using the Puma webserver, and have its number of workers set to 90% of available CPUs, with four threads. For nodes running Rails with other components, the worker value should be reduced accordingly. We've determined that a worker value of 50% achieves a good balance, but this is dependent on workload. On each node perform the following: 1. [Download and install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Linux package of your choice. Be sure to follow _only_ installation steps 1 and 2 on the page. 1. Create or edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and use the following configuration. To maintain uniformity of links across nodes, the `external_url` on the application server should point to the external URL that users will use to access GitLab. This would be the URL of the [load balancer](#configure-the-external-load-balancer) which will route traffic to the GitLab application server: ```ruby external_url 'https://gitlab.example.com' # Gitaly and GitLab use two shared secrets for authentication, one to authenticate gRPC requests # to Gitaly, and a second for authentication callbacks from GitLab-Shell to the GitLab internal API. # The following two values must be the same as their respective values # of the Gitaly setup gitlab_rails['gitaly_token'] = 'gitalysecret' gitlab_shell['secret_token'] = 'shellsecret' git_data_dirs({ 'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' }, 'storage1' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly1.internal:8075' }, 'storage2' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tcp://gitaly2.internal:8075' }, }) ## Disable components that will not be on the GitLab application server roles(['application_role']) gitaly['enable'] = false nginx['enable'] = true ## PostgreSQL connection details gitlab_rails['db_adapter'] = 'postgresql' gitlab_rails['db_encoding'] = 'unicode' gitlab_rails['db_host'] = '10.1.0.5' # IP/hostname of database server gitlab_rails['db_password'] = 'DB password' ## Redis connection details gitlab_rails['redis_port'] = '6379' gitlab_rails['redis_host'] = '10.1.0.6' # IP/hostname of Redis server gitlab_rails['redis_password'] = 'Redis Password' # Set the network addresses that the exporters used for monitoring will listen on node_exporter['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9100' gitlab_workhorse['prometheus_listen_addr'] = '0.0.0.0:9229' puma['listen'] = '0.0.0.0' # Configure Sidekiq with 2 workers and 20 max concurrency sidekiq['max_concurrency'] = 20 sidekiq['queue_groups'] = ['*'] * 2 # Add the monitoring node's IP address to the monitoring whitelist and allow it to # scrape the NGINX metrics. Replace placeholder `monitoring.gitlab.example.com` with # the address and/or subnets gathered from the monitoring node gitlab_rails['monitoring_whitelist'] = ['/32', '127.0.0.0/8'] nginx['status']['options']['allow'] = ['/32', '127.0.0.0/8'] # Object Storage # This is an example for configuring Object Storage on GCP # Replace this config with your chosen Object Storage provider as desired gitlab_rails['object_store']['enabled'] = true gitlab_rails['object_store']['connection'] = { 'provider' => 'Google', 'google_project' => '', 'google_json_key_location' => '' } gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['artifacts']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['external_diffs']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['lfs']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['uploads']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['packages']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['dependency_proxy']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['object_store']['objects']['terraform_state']['bucket'] = "" gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = { 'provider' => 'Google', 'google_project' => '', 'google_json_key_location' => '' } gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = "" gitlab_rails['ci_secure_files_object_store_enabled'] = true gitlab_rails['ci_secure_files_object_store_remote_directory'] = "gcp-ci_secure_files-bucket-name" gitlab_rails['ci_secure_files_object_store_connection'] = { 'provider' => 'Google', 'google_project' => '', 'google_json_key_location' => '' } ## Uncomment and edit the following options if you have set up NFS ## ## Prevent GitLab from starting if NFS data mounts are not available ## #high_availability['mountpoint'] = '/var/opt/gitlab/git-data' ## ## Ensure UIDs and GIDs match between servers for permissions via NFS ## #user['uid'] = 9000 #user['gid'] = 9000 #web_server['uid'] = 9001 #web_server['gid'] = 9001 #registry['uid'] = 9002 #registry['gid'] = 9002 ``` 1. If you're using [Gitaly with TLS support](#gitaly-tls-support), make sure the `git_data_dirs` entry is configured with `tls` instead of `tcp`: ```ruby git_data_dirs({ 'default' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tls://gitaly1.internal:9999' }, 'storage1' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tls://gitaly1.internal:9999' }, 'storage2' => { 'gitaly_address' => 'tls://gitaly2.internal:9999' }, }) ``` 1. Copy the cert into `/etc/gitlab/trusted-certs`: ```shell sudo cp cert.pem /etc/gitlab/trusted-certs/ ``` 1. Copy the `/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json` file from the first Linux package node you configured and add or replace the file of the same name on this server. If this is the first Linux package node you are configuring then you can skip this step. 1. To ensure database migrations are only run during reconfigure and not automatically on upgrade, run: ```shell sudo touch /etc/gitlab/skip-auto-reconfigure ``` Only a single designated node should handle migrations as detailed in the [GitLab Rails post-configuration](#gitlab-rails-post-configuration) section. 1. [Reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation) for the changes to take effect. 1. [Enable incremental logging](#enable-incremental-logging). 1. Run `sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:gitaly:check` to confirm the node can connect to Gitaly. 1. Tail the logs to see the requests: ```shell sudo gitlab-ctl tail gitaly ``` When you specify `https` in the `external_url`, as in the previous example, GitLab expects that the SSL certificates are in `/etc/gitlab/ssl/`. If the certificates aren't present, NGINX will fail to start. For more information, see the [HTTPS documentation](https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/ssl/index.html). ### GitLab Rails post-configuration 1. Designate one application node for running database migrations during installation and updates. Initialize the GitLab database and ensure all migrations ran: ```shell sudo gitlab-rake gitlab:db:configure ``` Note that this requires the Rails node to be configured to connect to the primary database directly, [bypassing PgBouncer](../postgresql/pgbouncer.md#procedure-for-bypassing-pgbouncer). After migrations have completed, you must configure the node to pass through PgBouncer again. 1. [Configure fast lookup of authorized SSH keys in the database](../operations/fast_ssh_key_lookup.md). ## Configure Prometheus The Linux package can be used to configure a standalone Monitoring node running [Prometheus](../monitoring/prometheus/index.md): 1. SSH in to the Monitoring node. 1. [Download and install](https://about.gitlab.com/install/) the Linux package of your choice. Be sure to follow _only_ installation steps 1 and 2 on the page. 1. Edit `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb` and add the contents: ```ruby roles(['monitoring_role']) nginx['enable'] = false external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com' # Prometheus prometheus['listen_address'] = '0.0.0.0:9090' prometheus['monitor_kubernetes'] = false ``` 1. Prometheus also needs some scrape configurations to pull all the data from the various nodes where we configured exporters. Assuming that your nodes' IPs are: ```plaintext 1.1.1.1: postgres 1.1.1.2: redis 1.1.1.3: gitaly1 1.1.1.4: rails1 1.1.1.5: rails2 ``` Add the following to `/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb`: ```ruby prometheus['scrape_configs'] = [ { 'job_name': 'postgres', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.1:9187'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'redis', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.2:9121'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'gitaly', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.3:9236'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'gitlab-nginx', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.4:8060', '1.1.1.5:8060'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'gitlab-workhorse', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.4:9229', '1.1.1.5:9229'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'gitlab-rails', 'metrics_path': '/-/metrics', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.4:8080', '1.1.1.5:8080'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'gitlab-sidekiq', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.4:8082', '1.1.1.5:8082'], ], }, { 'job_name': 'node', 'static_configs' => [ 'targets' => ['1.1.1.1:9100', '1.1.1.2:9100', '1.1.1.3:9100', '1.1.1.4:9100', '1.1.1.5:9100'], ], }, ] ``` 1. Save the file and [reconfigure GitLab](../restart_gitlab.md#reconfigure-a-linux-package-installation). ## Configure the object storage GitLab supports using an [object storage](../object_storage.md) service for holding numerous types of data. It's recommended over [NFS](../nfs.md) for data objects and in general it's better in larger setups as object storage is typically much more performant, reliable, and scalable. See [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. There are two ways of specifying object storage configuration in GitLab: - [Consolidated form](../object_storage.md#configure-a-single-storage-connection-for-all-object-types-consolidated-form): A single credential is shared by all supported object types. - [Storage-specific form](../object_storage.md#configure-each-object-type-to-define-its-own-storage-connection-storage-specific-form): Every object defines its own object storage [connection and configuration](../object_storage.md#configure-the-connection-settings). The consolidated form is used in the following examples when available. NOTE: When using the [storage-specific form](../object_storage.md#configure-each-object-type-to-define-its-own-storage-connection-storage-specific-form) in GitLab 14.x and earlier, you should enable [direct upload mode](../../development/uploads/index.md#direct-upload). The previous [background upload](../../development/uploads/index.md#direct-upload) mode, which was deprecated in 14.9, requires shared storage such as NFS. Using separate buckets for each data type is the recommended approach for GitLab. This ensures there are no collisions across the various types of data GitLab stores. There are plans to [enable the use of a single bucket](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/292958) in the future. ### Enable incremental logging GitLab Runner returns job logs in chunks which the Linux package caches temporarily on disk in `/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-ci/builds` by default, even when using consolidated object storage. With default configuration, this directory needs to be shared through NFS on any GitLab Rails and Sidekiq nodes. While sharing the job logs through NFS is supported, it's recommended to avoid the need to use NFS by enabling [incremental logging](../job_logs.md#incremental-logging-architecture) (required when no NFS node has been deployed). Incremental logging uses Redis instead of disk space for temporary caching of job logs. ## Configure advanced search **(PREMIUM SELF)** You can leverage Elasticsearch and [enable advanced search](../../integration/advanced_search/elasticsearch.md) for faster, more advanced code search across your entire GitLab instance. Elasticsearch cluster design and requirements are dependent on your specific data. For recommended best practices about how to set up your Elasticsearch cluster alongside your instance, read how to [choose the optimal cluster configuration](../../integration/advanced_search/elasticsearch.md#guidance-on-choosing-optimal-cluster-configuration). ## Cloud Native Hybrid reference architecture with Helm Charts (alternative) Run select components of cloud-native GitLab in Kubernetes with the [GitLab Helm chart](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/). In this setup, you can run the equivalent of GitLab Rails in the Kubernetes cluster called Webservice. You also can run the equivalent of Sidekiq nodes in the Kubernetes cluster called Sidekiq. In addition, the following other supporting services are supported: NGINX, Toolbox, Migrations, Prometheus. Hybrid installations leverage the benefits of both cloud native and traditional compute deployments. With this, _stateless_ components can benefit from cloud native workload management benefits while _stateful_ components are deployed in compute VMs with Linux package installations to benefit from increased permanence. Refer to the Helm charts [Advanced configuration](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/advanced/) documentation for setup instructions including guidance on what GitLab secrets to sync between Kubernetes and the backend components. NOTE: This is an **advanced** setup. Running services in Kubernetes is well known to be complex. **This setup is only recommended** if you have strong working knowledge and experience in Kubernetes. The rest of this section assumes this. NOTE: The 2,000 reference architecture is not a highly-available setup. To achieve HA, you can follow a modified [3K reference architecture](3k_users.md#cloud-native-hybrid-reference-architecture-with-helm-charts-alternative). WARNING: **Gitaly Cluster is not supported to be run in Kubernetes**. Refer to [epic 6127](https://gitlab.com/groups/gitlab-org/-/epics/6127) for more details. ### Cluster topology The following tables and diagram detail the hybrid environment using the same formats as the typical environment above. First are the components that run in Kubernetes. These run across several node groups, although you can change the overall makeup as desired as long as the minimum CPU and Memory requirements are observed. | Service Node Group | Nodes | Configuration | GCP | AWS | Min Allocatable CPUs and Memory | |---------------------|-------|------------------------|-----------------|--------------|---------------------------------| | Webservice | 3 | 8 vCPU, 7.2 GB memory | `n1-highcpu-8` | `c5.2xlarge` | 23.7 vCPU, 16.9 GB memory | | Sidekiq | 2 | 4 vCPU, 15 GB memory | `n1-standard-4` | `m5.xlarge` | 7.8 vCPU, 25.9 GB memory | | Supporting services | 2 | 2 vCPU, 7.5 GB memory | `n1-standard-2` | `m5.large` | 1.9 vCPU, 5.5 GB memory | - For this setup, we **recommend** and regularly [test](index.md#validation-and-test-results) [Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE)](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine) and [Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS)](https://aws.amazon.com/eks/). Other Kubernetes services may also work, but your mileage may vary. - Nodes configuration is shown as it is forced to ensure pod vCPU / memory ratios and avoid scaling during **performance testing**. - In production deployments, there is no need to assign pods to specific nodes. A minimum of three nodes per node group in three different availability zones is strongly recommended to align with resilient cloud architecture practices. Next are the backend components that run on static compute VMs using the Linux package (or External PaaS services where applicable): | Service | Nodes | Configuration | GCP | AWS | |----------------------------|-------|------------------------|-----------------|-------------| | PostgreSQL1 | 1 | 2 vCPU, 7.5 GB memory | `n1-standard-2` | `m5.large` | | Redis2 | 1 | 1 vCPU, 3.75 GB memory | `n1-standard-1` | `m5.large` | | Gitaly | 1 | 4 vCPU, 15 GB memory | `n1-standard-4` | `m5.xlarge` | | Object storage3 | - | - | - | - | 1. Can be optionally run on reputable third-party external PaaS PostgreSQL solutions. See [Provide your own PostgreSQL instance](#provide-your-own-postgresql-instance) and [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. 2. Can be optionally run on reputable third-party external PaaS Redis solutions. See [Provide your own Redis instance](#provide-your-own-redis-instance) and [Recommended cloud providers and services](index.md#recommended-cloud-providers-and-services) for more information. 3. Should be run on reputable Cloud Provider or Self Managed solutions. See [Configure the object storage](#configure-the-object-storage) for more information. NOTE: For all PaaS solutions that involve configuring instances, it is strongly recommended to implement a minimum of three nodes in three different availability zones to align with resilient cloud architecture practices. ```plantuml @startuml 2k skinparam linetype ortho card "Kubernetes via Helm Charts" as kubernetes { card "**External Load Balancer**" as elb #6a9be7 together { collections "**Webservice** x3" as gitlab #32CD32 collections "**Sidekiq** x2" as sidekiq #ff8dd1 } collections "**Supporting Services** x2" as support } card "**Gitaly**" as gitaly #FF8C00 card "**PostgreSQL**" as postgres #4EA7FF card "**Redis**" as redis #FF6347 cloud "**Object Storage**" as object_storage #white elb -[#6a9be7]-> gitlab gitlab -[#32CD32]--> gitaly gitlab -[#32CD32]--> postgres gitlab -[#32CD32]-> object_storage gitlab -[#32CD32]--> redis sidekiq -[#ff8dd1]--> gitaly sidekiq -[#ff8dd1]-> object_storage sidekiq -[#ff8dd1]--> postgres sidekiq -[#ff8dd1]--> redis @enduml ``` ### Resource usage settings The following formulas help when calculating how many pods may be deployed within resource constraints. The [2k reference architecture example values file](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/blob/master/examples/ref/2k.yaml) documents how to apply the calculated configuration to the Helm Chart. #### Webservice Webservice pods typically need about 1 CPU and 1.25 GB of memory _per worker_. Each Webservice pod consumes roughly 4 CPUs and 5 GB of memory using the [recommended topology](#cluster-topology) because two worker processes are created by default and each pod has other small processes running. For 2,000 users we recommend a total Puma worker count of around 12. With the [provided recommendations](#cluster-topology) this allows the deployment of up to 3 Webservice pods with 4 workers per pod and 1 pod per node. Expand available resources using the ratio of 1 CPU to 1.25 GB of memory _per each worker process_ for each additional Webservice pod. For further information on resource usage, see the [Webservice resources](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/webservice/#resources). #### Sidekiq Sidekiq pods should generally have 0.9 CPU and 2 GB of memory. [The provided starting point](#cluster-topology) allows the deployment of up to 4 Sidekiq pods. Expand available resources using the 0.9 CPU to 2 GB memory ratio for each additional pod. For further information on resource usage, see the [Sidekiq resources](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/sidekiq/#resources). ### Supporting The Supporting Node Pool is designed to house all supporting deployments that don't need to be on the Webservice and Sidekiq pools. This includes various deployments related to the Cloud Provider's implementation and supporting GitLab deployments such as NGINX or [GitLab Shell](https://docs.gitlab.com/charts/charts/gitlab/gitlab-shell/). If you wish to make any additional deployments, such as for Monitoring, it's recommended to deploy these in this pool where possible and not in the Webservice or Sidekiq pools, as the Supporting pool has been designed specifically to accommodate several additional deployments. However, if your deployments don't fit into the pool as given, you can increase the node pool accordingly.