WM: Remove ASCII members from wmEvent & GHOST_TEventKeyData

The `ascii` member was only kept for historic reason as some platforms
didn't support utf8 when it was first introduced.

Remove the `ascii` struct members since many checks used this as a
fall-back for utf8_buf not being set which isn't needed.
There are a few cases where it's convenient to access the ASCII value
of an event (or nil) so a function has been added to do that.

*Details*

- WM_event_utf8_to_ascii() has been added for the few cases an events
  ASCII value needs to be accessed, this just avoids having to do
  multi-byte character checks in-line.

- RNA Event.ascii remains, using utf8_buf[0] for single byte characters.

- GHOST_TEventKeyData.ascii has been removed.

- To avoid regressions non-ASCII Latin1 characters from GHOST are
  converted into multi-byte UTF8, when building X11 without
  XInput & X_HAVE_UTF8_STRING it seems like could still occur.

16 files changed, 75 insertions, 97 deletions

diff --git a/intern/ghost/GHOST_Types.h b/intern/ghost/GHOST_Types.h
index 2fc84349eb9..fa74bfde866 100644
--- a/intern/ghost/GHOST_Types.h
+++ b/intern/ghost/GHOST_Types.h
@@ -547,17 +547,6 @@ typedef struct {
   /** The key code. */
   GHOST_TKey key;
 
-  /* ascii / utf8: both should always be set when possible,
-   * - ascii may be '\0' however if the user presses a non ascii key
-   * - unicode may not be set if the system has no unicode support
-   *
-   * These values are intended to be used as follows.
-   * For text input use unicode when available, fallback to ascii.
-   * For areas where unicode is not needed, number input for example, always
-   * use ascii, unicode is ignored - campbell.
-   */
-  /** The ascii code for the key event ('\0' if none). */
-  char ascii;
   /** The unicode character. if the length is 6, not NULL terminated if all 6 are set. */
   char utf8_buf[6];
 
diff --git a/intern/ghost/intern/GHOST_EventKey.h b/intern/ghost/intern/GHOST_EventKey.h
index 1c3156c27d2..d3cfbbeddd7 100644
--- a/intern/ghost/intern/GHOST_EventKey.h
+++ b/intern/ghost/intern/GHOST_EventKey.h
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ class GHOST_EventKey : public GHOST_Event {
       : GHOST_Event(msec, type, window)
   {
     m_keyEventData.key = key;
-    m_keyEventData.ascii = '\0';
     m_keyEventData.utf8_buf[0] = '\0';
     m_keyEventData.is_repeat = is_repeat;
     m_data = &m_keyEventData;
@@ -51,11 +50,17 @@ class GHOST_EventKey : public GHOST_Event {
       : GHOST_Event(msec, type, window)
   {
     m_keyEventData.key = key;
-    m_keyEventData.ascii = ascii;
-    if (utf8_buf)
+    if (utf8_buf) {
       memcpy(m_keyEventData.utf8_buf, utf8_buf, sizeof(m_keyEventData.utf8_buf));
-    else
+    }
+    else {
       m_keyEventData.utf8_buf[0] = '\0';
+    }
+    /* TODO(@campbellbarton): phase out `ascii` and always use `utf8_buf`, this needs to be done
+     * on all platforms though, so for now write the ascii into the utf8_buf. */
+    if (m_keyEventData.utf8_buf[0] == '\0' && ascii) {
+      m_keyEventData.utf8_buf[0] = ascii;
+    }
     m_keyEventData.is_repeat = is_repeat;
     m_data = &m_keyEventData;
   }
diff --git a/intern/ghost/test/multitest/EventToBuf.c b/intern/ghost/test/multitest/EventToBuf.c
index baab32328c3..846a867a371 100644
--- a/intern/ghost/test/multitest/EventToBuf.c
+++ b/intern/ghost/test/multitest/EventToBuf.c
@@ -218,8 +218,10 @@ void event_to_buf(GHOST_EventHandle evt, char buf[128])
     case GHOST_kEventKeyUp: {
       GHOST_TEventKeyData *kd = data;
       pos += sprintf(pos, " - key: %s (%d)", keytype_to_string(kd->key), kd->key);
-      if (kd->ascii)
-        pos += sprintf(pos, " ascii: '%c' (%d)", kd->ascii, kd->ascii);
+      /* TODO: ideally this would print the unicode character. */
+      if (kd->utf8_buf[0]) {
+        pos += sprintf(pos, " ascii: '%c' (%d)", kd->utf8_buf[0], kd->utf8_buf[0]);
+      }
       break;
     }
   }
diff --git a/source/blender/editors/armature/pose_lib.c b/source/blender/editors/armature/pose_lib.c
index b8e7c2624fd..a6742fbe2bf 100644
--- a/source/blender/editors/armature/pose_lib.c
+++ b/source/blender/editors/armature/pose_lib.c
@@ -1578,7 +1578,7 @@ static int poselib_preview_handle_event(bContext *UNUSED(C), wmOperator *op, con
     case EVT_PADMINUS:
       if (pld->searchstr[0]) {
         /* searching... */
-        poselib_preview_handle_search(pld, event->type, event->ascii);
+        poselib_preview_handle_search(pld, event->type, WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event));
       }
       else {
         /* view manipulation (see above) */
@@ -1589,7 +1589,7 @@ static int poselib_preview_handle_event(bContext *UNUSED(C), wmOperator *op, con
 
     /* otherwise, assume that searching might be able to handle it */
     default:
-      poselib_preview_handle_search(pld, event->type, event->ascii);
+      poselib_preview_handle_search(pld, event->type, WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event));
       break;
   }
 
diff --git a/source/blender/editors/curve/editfont.c b/source/blender/editors/curve/editfont.c
index 611dbb2e80c..33e3837c9d4 100644
--- a/source/blender/editors/curve/editfont.c
+++ b/source/blender/editors/curve/editfont.c
@@ -1639,7 +1639,7 @@ static int insert_text_invoke(bContext *C, wmOperator *op, const wmEvent *event)
   Curve *cu = obedit->data;
   EditFont *ef = cu->editfont;
   static int accentcode = 0;
-  uintptr_t ascii = event->ascii;
+  uintptr_t ascii = WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event);
   const bool alt = event->modifier & KM_ALT;
   const bool shift = event->modifier & KM_SHIFT;
   const bool ctrl = event->modifier & KM_CTRL;
diff --git a/source/blender/editors/interface/interface_handlers.c b/source/blender/editors/interface/interface_handlers.c
index 21fd14b86b7..2ad2cd15c43 100644
--- a/source/blender/editors/interface/interface_handlers.c
+++ b/source/blender/editors/interface/interface_handlers.c
@@ -3172,21 +3172,6 @@ static bool ui_textedit_insert_buf(uiBut *but,
   return changed;
 }
 
-static bool ui_textedit_insert_ascii(uiBut *but, uiHandleButtonData *data, char ascii)
-{
-  const char buf[2] = {ascii, '\0'};
-
-  if (UI_but_is_utf8(but) && (BLI_str_utf8_size(buf) == -1)) {
-    printf(
-        "%s: entering invalid ascii char into an ascii key (%d)\n", __func__, (int)(uchar)ascii);
-
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  /* in some cases we want to allow invalid utf8 chars */
-  return ui_textedit_insert_buf(but, data, buf, 1);
-}
-
 static void ui_textedit_move(uiBut *but,
                              uiHandleButtonData *data,
                              eStrCursorJumpDirection direction,
@@ -3897,30 +3882,27 @@ static void ui_do_but_textedit(
       }
     }
 
-    if ((event->ascii || event->utf8_buf[0]) && (retval == WM_UI_HANDLER_CONTINUE)
+    if ((event->utf8_buf[0]) && (retval == WM_UI_HANDLER_CONTINUE)
 #ifdef WITH_INPUT_IME
         && !is_ime_composing && !WM_event_is_ime_switch(event)
 #endif
     ) {
-      char ascii = event->ascii;
+      char utf8_buf_override[2] = {'\0', '\0'};
       const char *utf8_buf = event->utf8_buf;
 
       /* Exception that's useful for number buttons, some keyboard
        * numpads have a comma instead of a period. */
       if (ELEM(but->type, UI_BTYPE_NUM, UI_BTYPE_NUM_SLIDER)) { /* Could use `data->min`. */
-        if (event->type == EVT_PADPERIOD && ascii == ',') {
-          ascii = '.';
-          utf8_buf = NULL; /* force ascii fallback */
+        if ((event->type == EVT_PADPERIOD) && (utf8_buf[0] == ',')) {
+          utf8_buf_override[0] = '.';
+          utf8_buf = utf8_buf_override;
         }
       }
 
-      if (utf8_buf && utf8_buf[0]) {
+      if (utf8_buf[0]) {
         const int utf8_buf_len = BLI_str_utf8_size(utf8_buf);
         BLI_assert(utf8_buf_len != -1);
-        changed = ui_textedit_insert_buf(but, data, event->utf8_buf, utf8_buf_len);
-      }
-      else {
-        changed = ui_textedit_insert_ascii(but, data, ascii);
+        changed = ui_textedit_insert_buf(but, data, utf8_buf, utf8_buf_len);
       }
 
       retval = WM_UI_HANDLER_BREAK;
diff --git a/source/blender/editors/space_console/console_ops.c b/source/blender/editors/space_console/console_ops.c
index 17fbef23eac..ef22b1b9f0b 100644
--- a/source/blender/editors/space_console/console_ops.c
+++ b/source/blender/editors/space_console/console_ops.c
@@ -413,16 +413,8 @@ static int console_insert_invoke(bContext *C, wmOperator *op, const wmEvent *eve
     }
 
     char str[BLI_UTF8_MAX + 1];
-    size_t len;
-
-    if (event->utf8_buf[0]) {
-      len = BLI_str_utf8_size_safe(event->utf8_buf);
-      memcpy(str, event->utf8_buf, len);
-    }
-    else {
-      /* in theory, ghost can set value to extended ascii here */
-      len = BLI_str_utf8_from_unicode(event->ascii, str, sizeof(str) - 1);
-    }
+    const size_t len = BLI_str_utf8_size_safe(event->utf8_buf);
+    memcpy(str, event->utf8_buf, len);
     str[len] = '\0';
     RNA_string_set(op->ptr, "text", str);
   }
diff --git a/source/blender/editors/space_text/text_ops.c b/source/blender/editors/space_text/text_ops.c
index 05d51cf6362..33219092d20 100644
--- a/source/blender/editors/space_text/text_ops.c
+++ b/source/blender/editors/space_text/text_ops.c
@@ -3396,7 +3396,8 @@ static int text_line_number_invoke(bContext *C, wmOperator *UNUSED(op), const wm
     return OPERATOR_PASS_THROUGH;
   }
 
-  if (!(event->ascii >= '0' && event->ascii <= '9')) {
+  const char event_ascii = WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event);
+  if (!(event_ascii >= '0' && event_ascii <= '9')) {
     return OPERATOR_PASS_THROUGH;
   }
 
@@ -3406,7 +3407,7 @@ static int text_line_number_invoke(bContext *C, wmOperator *UNUSED(op), const wm
   }
 
   jump_to *= 10;
-  jump_to += (int)(event->ascii - '0');
+  jump_to += (int)(event_ascii - '0');
 
   txt_move_toline(text, jump_to - 1, 0);
   last_jump = time;
@@ -3495,16 +3496,8 @@ static int text_insert_invoke(bContext *C, wmOperator *op, const wmEvent *event)
     }
 
     char str[BLI_UTF8_MAX + 1];
-    size_t len;
-
-    if (event->utf8_buf[0]) {
-      len = BLI_str_utf8_size_safe(event->utf8_buf);
-      memcpy(str, event->utf8_buf, len);
-    }
-    else {
-      /* in theory, ghost can set value to extended ascii here */
-      len = BLI_str_utf8_from_unicode(event->ascii, str, sizeof(str) - 1);
-    }
+    const size_t len = BLI_str_utf8_size_safe(event->utf8_buf);
+    memcpy(str, event->utf8_buf, len);
     str[len] = '\0';
     RNA_string_set(op->ptr, "text", str);
 
diff --git a/source/blender/editors/util/numinput.c b/source/blender/editors/util/numinput.c
index be6ac6e13e6..60cbc2a2df6 100644
--- a/source/blender/editors/util/numinput.c
+++ b/source/blender/editors/util/numinput.c
@@ -311,6 +311,7 @@ static bool editstr_is_simple_numinput(const char ascii)
 bool handleNumInput(bContext *C, NumInput *n, const wmEvent *event)
 {
   const char *utf8_buf = NULL;
+  const char event_ascii = WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event);
   char ascii[2] = {'\0', '\0'};
   bool updated = false;
   short idx = n->idx, idx_max = n->idx_max;
@@ -321,8 +322,8 @@ bool handleNumInput(bContext *C, NumInput *n, const wmEvent *event)
   if (U.flag & USER_FLAG_NUMINPUT_ADVANCED)
 #endif
   {
-    if (((event->modifier & (KM_CTRL | KM_ALT)) == 0) && (event->ascii != '\0') &&
-        strchr("01234567890@%^&*-+/{}()[]<>.|", event->ascii)) {
+    if (((event->modifier & (KM_CTRL | KM_ALT)) == 0) && (event_ascii != '\0') &&
+        strchr("01234567890@%^&*-+/{}()[]<>.|", event_ascii)) {
       if (!(n->flag & NUM_EDIT_FULL)) {
         n->flag |= NUM_EDITED;
         n->flag |= NUM_EDIT_FULL;
@@ -333,7 +334,7 @@ bool handleNumInput(bContext *C, NumInput *n, const wmEvent *event)
 
 #ifdef USE_FAKE_EDIT
   /* XXX Hack around keyboards without direct access to '=' nor '*'... */
-  if (ELEM(event->ascii, '=', '*')) {
+  if (ELEM(event_ascii, '=', '*')) {
     if (!(n->flag & NUM_EDIT_FULL)) {
       n->flag |= NUM_EDIT_FULL;
       n->val_flag[idx] |= NUM_EDITED;
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ bool handleNumInput(bContext *C, NumInput *n, const wmEvent *event)
       else {
         /* might be a char too... */
         utf8_buf = event->utf8_buf;
-        ascii[0] = event->ascii;
+        ascii[0] = event_ascii;
       }
       break;
     case EVT_BACKSPACEKEY:
@@ -523,9 +524,9 @@ bool handleNumInput(bContext *C, NumInput *n, const wmEvent *event)
       break;
   }
 
-  if (!updated && !utf8_buf && (event->utf8_buf[0] || event->ascii)) {
+  if (!updated && !utf8_buf && event->utf8_buf[0]) {
     utf8_buf = event->utf8_buf;
-    ascii[0] = event->ascii;
+    ascii[0] = event_ascii;
   }
 
   /* Up to this point, if we have a ctrl modifier, skip.
diff --git a/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm.c b/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm.c
index 7893a2f4bc0..2009f51e1f2 100644
--- a/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm.c
+++ b/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm.c
@@ -607,14 +607,14 @@ static PointerRNA rna_OperatorMacro_properties_get(PointerRNA *ptr)
 static void rna_Event_ascii_get(PointerRNA *ptr, char *value)
 {
   const wmEvent *event = ptr->data;
-  value[0] = event->ascii;
+  value[0] = WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event);
   value[1] = '\0';
 }
 
 static int rna_Event_ascii_length(PointerRNA *ptr)
 {
   const wmEvent *event = ptr->data;
-  return (event->ascii) ? 1 : 0;
+  return WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(event) ? 1 : 0;
 }
 
 static void rna_Event_unicode_get(PointerRNA *ptr, char *value)
diff --git a/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm_api.c b/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm_api.c
index b9f36d35ee8..eb5e2549b1d 100644
--- a/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm_api.c
+++ b/source/blender/makesrna/intern/rna_wm_api.c
@@ -639,16 +639,12 @@ static wmEvent *rna_Window_event_add_simulate(wmWindow *win,
   }
   /* TODO: validate NDOF. */
 
-  char ascii = 0;
   if (unicode != NULL) {
     int len = BLI_str_utf8_size(unicode);
     if (len == -1 || unicode[len] != '\0') {
       BKE_report(reports, RPT_ERROR, "Only a single character supported");
       return NULL;
     }
-    if (len == 1 && isascii(unicode[0])) {
-      ascii = unicode[0];
-    }
   }
 
   wmEvent e = *win->eventstate;
@@ -672,10 +668,8 @@ static wmEvent *rna_Window_event_add_simulate(wmWindow *win,
     e.modifier |= KM_OSKEY;
   }
 
-  e.ascii = '\0';
   e.utf8_buf[0] = '\0';
   if (unicode != NULL) {
-    e.ascii = ascii;
     STRNCPY(e.utf8_buf, unicode);
   }
 
diff --git a/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_api.h b/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_api.h
index d852b85a3d0..f337dd9d89a 100644
--- a/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_api.h
+++ b/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_api.h
@@ -1530,6 +1530,7 @@ bool WM_event_is_modal_drag_exit(const struct wmEvent *event,
 bool WM_event_is_mouse_drag(const struct wmEvent *event);
 bool WM_event_is_mouse_drag_or_press(const wmEvent *event);
 int WM_event_drag_direction(const wmEvent *event);
+char WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(const struct wmEvent *event) ATTR_NONNULL(1) ATTR_WARN_UNUSED_RESULT;
 
 /**
  * Detect motion between selection (callers should only use this for selection picking),
diff --git a/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_types.h b/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_types.h
index 32bc2f96365..e7cbe936607 100644
--- a/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_types.h
+++ b/source/blender/windowmanager/WM_types.h
@@ -683,13 +683,11 @@ typedef struct wmEvent {
   /** Region relative mouse position (name convention before Blender 2.5). */
   int mval[2];
   /**
-   * From, ghost if utf8 is enabled for the platform,
-   * #BLI_str_utf8_size() must _always_ be valid, check
-   * when assigning s we don't need to check on every access after.
+   * A single UTF8 encoded character.
+   * #BLI_str_utf8_size() must _always_ return a valid value,
+   * check when assigning so we don't need to check on every access after.
    */
   char utf8_buf[6];
-  /** From ghost, fallback if utf8 isn't set. */
-  char ascii;
 
   /** Modifier states: #KM_SHIFT, #KM_CTRL, #KM_ALT & #KM_OSKEY. */
   uint8_t modifier;
diff --git a/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_query.c b/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_query.c
index 221073d288a..81044197ae7 100644
--- a/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_query.c
+++ b/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_query.c
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ void WM_event_print(const wmEvent *event)
         "wmEvent type:%d/%s, val:%d/%s, "
         "prev_type:%d/%s, prev_val:%d/%s, "
         "modifier=%s, keymodifier:%d, flag:%s, "
-        "mouse:(%d,%d), ascii:'%c', utf8:'%.*s', pointer:%p",
+        "mouse:(%d,%d), utf8:'%.*s', pointer:%p",
         event->type,
         type_id,
         event->val,
@@ -126,7 +126,6 @@ void WM_event_print(const wmEvent *event)
         flag_id,
         event->xy[0],
         event->xy[1],
-        event->ascii,
         BLI_str_utf8_size(event->utf8_buf),
         event->utf8_buf,
         (const void *)event);
@@ -401,6 +400,20 @@ void WM_event_drag_start_xy(const wmEvent *event, int r_xy[2])
 /** \} */
 
 /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
+/** \name Event Text Queries
+ * \{ */
+
+char WM_event_utf8_to_ascii(const struct wmEvent *event)
+{
+  if (BLI_str_utf8_size(event->utf8_buf) == 1) {
+    return event->utf8_buf[0];
+  }
+  return '\0';
+}
+
+/** \} */
+
+/* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
 /** \name Event Preference Mapping
  * \{ */
 
diff --git a/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_system.cc b/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_system.cc
index 0395e8bda7a..a371fa7e185 100644
--- a/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_system.cc
+++ b/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_event_system.cc
@@ -2088,7 +2088,7 @@ static bool wm_eventmatch(const wmEvent *winevent, const wmKeyMapItem *kmi)
     if (winevent->val == KM_PRESS) { /* Prevent double clicks. */
       /* Not using #ISTEXTINPUT anymore because (at least on Windows) some key codes above 255
        * could have printable ascii keys, See T30479. */
-      if (ISKEYBOARD(winevent->type) && (winevent->ascii || winevent->utf8_buf[0])) {
+      if (ISKEYBOARD(winevent->type) && winevent->utf8_buf[0]) {
         return true;
       }
     }
@@ -5042,7 +5042,6 @@ static wmEvent *wm_event_add_mousemove_to_head(wmWindow *win)
     tevent = *event_last;
 
     tevent.flag = (eWM_EventFlag)0;
-    tevent.ascii = '\0';
     tevent.utf8_buf[0] = '\0';
 
     wm_event_custom_clear(&tevent);
@@ -5329,7 +5328,6 @@ void wm_event_add_ghostevent(wmWindowManager *wm, wmWindow *win, int type, void
         break;
       }
 
-      event.ascii = kd->ascii;
       /* Might be not nullptr terminated. */
       memcpy(event.utf8_buf, kd->utf8_buf, sizeof(event.utf8_buf));
       if (kd->is_repeat) {
@@ -5341,8 +5339,6 @@ void wm_event_add_ghostevent(wmWindowManager *wm, wmWindow *win, int type, void
 
       /* Exclude arrow keys, escape, etc from text input. */
       if (type == GHOST_kEventKeyUp) {
-        event.ascii = '\0';
-
         /* Ghost should do this already for key up. */
         if (event.utf8_buf[0]) {
           CLOG_ERROR(WM_LOG_EVENTS,
@@ -5351,15 +5347,28 @@ void wm_event_add_ghostevent(wmWindowManager *wm, wmWindow *win, int type, void
         event.utf8_buf[0] = '\0';
       }
       else {
-        if (event.ascii < 32 && event.ascii > 0) {
-          event.ascii = '\0';
-        }
         if (event.utf8_buf[0] < 32 && event.utf8_buf[0] > 0) {
           event.utf8_buf[0] = '\0';
         }
       }
 
       if (event.utf8_buf[0]) {
+        /* NOTE(@campbellbarton): Detect non-ASCII characters stored in `utf8_buf`,
+         * ideally this would never happen but it can't be ruled out for X11 which has
+         * special handling of Latin1 when building without UTF8 support.
+         * Avoid regressions by adding this conversions, it should eventually be removed. */
+        if ((event.utf8_buf[0] >= 0x80) && (event.utf8_buf[1] == '\0')) {
+          const uint c = (uint)event.utf8_buf[0];
+          int utf8_buf_len = BLI_str_utf8_from_unicode(c, event.utf8_buf, sizeof(event.utf8_buf));
+          CLOG_ERROR(WM_LOG_EVENTS,
+                     "ghost detected non-ASCII single byte character '%u', converting to utf8 "
+                     "('%.*s', length=%d)",
+                     c,
+                     utf8_buf_len,
+                     event.utf8_buf,
+                     utf8_buf_len);
+        }
+
         if (BLI_str_utf8_size(event.utf8_buf) == -1) {
           CLOG_ERROR(WM_LOG_EVENTS,
                      "ghost detected an invalid unicode character '%d'",
diff --git a/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_window.c b/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_window.c
index 36f91f8414a..70640eda605 100644
--- a/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_window.c
+++ b/source/blender/windowmanager/intern/wm_window.c
@@ -1148,7 +1148,6 @@ static bool ghost_event_proc(GHOST_EventHandle evt, GHOST_TUserDataPtr C_void_pt
          */
         GHOST_TEventKeyData kdata = {
             .key = GHOST_kKeyUnknown,
-            .ascii = '\0',
             .utf8_buf = {'\0'},
             .is_repeat = false,
         };