Merge branch 'master' into temp_bmesh_multires

21 files changed, 142 insertions, 66 deletions

diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_armature.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_armature.c
index 649d36e3d57..828b8b79664 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_armature.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_armature.c
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
 #include "BKE_action.h"
 #include "BKE_armature.h"
 #include "BKE_context.h"
+#include "BKE_deform.h"
 #include "BKE_editmesh.h"
 #include "BKE_lib_id.h"
 #include "BKE_lib_query.h"
@@ -122,7 +123,8 @@ static void updateDepsgraph(ModifierData *md, const ModifierUpdateDepsgraphConte
       /* If neither vertex groups nor envelopes are used, the modifier has no bone dependencies. */
       if ((amd->deformflag & ARM_DEF_VGROUP) != 0) {
         /* Enumerate groups that match existing bones. */
-        LISTBASE_FOREACH (bDeformGroup *, dg, &ctx->object->defbase) {
+        const ListBase *defbase = BKE_object_defgroup_list(ctx->object);
+        LISTBASE_FOREACH (bDeformGroup *, dg, defbase) {
           if (BKE_pose_channel_find_name(amd->object->pose, dg->name) != NULL) {
             /* Can't check BONE_NO_DEFORM because it can be animated. */
             DEG_add_bone_relation(
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_boolean.cc b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_boolean.cc
index e7733932f2c..c6bb8ca0670 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_boolean.cc
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_boolean.cc
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ static void foreachIDLink(ModifierData *md, Object *ob, IDWalkFunc walk, void *u
 {
   BooleanModifierData *bmd = (BooleanModifierData *)md;
 
-  walk(userData, ob, (ID **)&bmd->collection, IDWALK_CB_NOP);
+  walk(userData, ob, (ID **)&bmd->collection, IDWALK_CB_USER);
   walk(userData, ob, (ID **)&bmd->object, IDWALK_CB_NOP);
 }
 
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_build.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_build.c
index c38e5126f6b..52f21e3d3d0 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_build.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_build.c
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, struct
   range_vn_i(faceMap, numPoly_src, 0);
 
   struct Scene *scene = DEG_get_input_scene(ctx->depsgraph);
-  frac = (BKE_scene_frame_get(scene) - bmd->start) / bmd->length;
+  frac = (BKE_scene_ctime_get(scene) - bmd->start) / bmd->length;
   CLAMP(frac, 0.0f, 1.0f);
   if (bmd->flag & MOD_BUILD_FLAG_REVERSE) {
     frac = 1.0f - frac;
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_cloth.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_cloth.c
index 40d027f3044..4487adcfdda 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_cloth.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_cloth.c
@@ -206,6 +206,7 @@ static void copyData(const ModifierData *md, ModifierData *target, const int fla
       tclmd->point_cache->step = clmd->point_cache->step;
       tclmd->point_cache->startframe = clmd->point_cache->startframe;
       tclmd->point_cache->endframe = clmd->point_cache->endframe;
+      tclmd->point_cache->flag |= (clmd->point_cache->flag & PTCACHE_FLAGS_COPY);
     }
   }
 
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_curve.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_curve.c
index 20dbb299767..aae6d257766 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_curve.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_curve.c
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ static void deformVertsEM(ModifierData *md,
   int defgrp_index = -1;
 
   if (ctx->object->type == OB_MESH && cmd->name[0] != '\0') {
-    defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object, cmd->name);
+    defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, cmd->name);
     if (defgrp_index != -1) {
       use_dverts = true;
     }
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_explode.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_explode.c
index 545e23221ec..bf197dca7e5 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_explode.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_explode.c
@@ -919,7 +919,7 @@ static Mesh *explodeMesh(ExplodeModifierData *emd,
   EdgeHashIterator *ehi;
   float *vertco = NULL, imat[4][4];
   float rot[4];
-  float cfra;
+  float ctime;
   /* float timestep; */
   const int *facepa = emd->facepa;
   int totdup = 0, totvert = 0, totface = 0, totpart = 0, delface = 0;
@@ -940,7 +940,7 @@ static Mesh *explodeMesh(ExplodeModifierData *emd,
 
   /* timestep = psys_get_timestep(&sim); */
 
-  cfra = BKE_scene_frame_get(scene);
+  ctime = BKE_scene_ctime_get(scene);
 
   /* hash table for vertice <-> particle relations */
   vertpahash = BLI_edgehash_new(__func__);
@@ -962,7 +962,7 @@ static Mesh *explodeMesh(ExplodeModifierData *emd,
 
     /* do mindex + totvert to ensure the vertex index to be the first
      * with BLI_edgehashIterator_getKey */
-    if (pa == NULL || cfra < pa->time) {
+    if (pa == NULL || ctime < pa->time) {
       mindex = totvert + totpart;
     }
     else {
@@ -1022,7 +1022,7 @@ static Mesh *explodeMesh(ExplodeModifierData *emd,
 
       psys_get_birth_coords(&sim, pa, &birth, 0, 0);
 
-      state.time = cfra;
+      state.time = ctime;
       psys_get_particle_state(&sim, ed_v2, &state, 1);
 
       vertco = explode->mvert[v].co;
@@ -1076,7 +1076,7 @@ static Mesh *explodeMesh(ExplodeModifierData *emd,
     orig_v4 = source.v4;
 
     /* Same as above in the first loop over mesh's faces. */
-    if (pa == NULL || cfra < pa->time) {
+    if (pa == NULL || ctime < pa->time) {
       mindex = totvert + totpart;
     }
     else {
@@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ static Mesh *explodeMesh(ExplodeModifierData *emd,
 
     /* override uv channel for particle age */
     if (mtface) {
-      float age = (pa != NULL) ? (cfra - pa->time) / pa->lifetime : 0.0f;
+      float age = (pa != NULL) ? (ctime - pa->time) / pa->lifetime : 0.0f;
       /* Clamp to this range to avoid flipping to the other side of the coordinates. */
       CLAMP(age, 0.001f, 0.999f);
 
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_mask.cc b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_mask.cc
index a77f6cfe8ba..9aa8e3dd7c8 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_mask.cc
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_mask.cc
@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ static void updateDepsgraph(ModifierData *md, const ModifierUpdateDepsgraphConte
 
 /* A vertex will be in the mask if a selected bone influences it more than a certain threshold. */
 static void compute_vertex_mask__armature_mode(MDeformVert *dvert,
-                                               Object *ob,
+                                               Mesh *mesh,
                                                Object *armature_ob,
                                                float threshold,
                                                MutableSpan<bool> r_vertex_mask)
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ static void compute_vertex_mask__armature_mode(MDeformVert *dvert,
   /* Element i is true if there is a selected bone that uses vertex group i. */
   Vector<bool> selected_bone_uses_group;
 
-  for (bDeformGroup *def : ListBaseWrapper<bDeformGroup>(ob->defbase)) {
+  LISTBASE_FOREACH (bDeformGroup *, def, &mesh->vertex_group_names) {
     bPoseChannel *pchan = BKE_pose_channel_find_name(armature_ob->pose, def->name);
     bool bone_for_group_exists = pchan && pchan->bone && (pchan->bone->flag & BONE_SELECTED);
     selected_bone_uses_group.append(bone_for_group_exists);
@@ -325,10 +325,9 @@ void copy_masked_polys_to_new_mesh(const Mesh &src_mesh,
  * 2. Find edges and polygons only using those vertices.
  * 3. Create a new mesh that only uses the found vertices, edges and polygons.
  */
-static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *mesh)
+static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *UNUSED(ctx), Mesh *mesh)
 {
   MaskModifierData *mmd = reinterpret_cast<MaskModifierData *>(md);
-  Object *ob = ctx->object;
   const bool invert_mask = mmd->flag & MOD_MASK_INV;
 
   /* Return empty or input mesh when there are no vertex groups. */
@@ -339,7 +338,7 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *
 
   /* Quick test to see if we can return early. */
   if (!(ELEM(mmd->mode, MOD_MASK_MODE_ARM, MOD_MASK_MODE_VGROUP)) || (mesh->totvert == 0) ||
-      BLI_listbase_is_empty(&ob->defbase)) {
+      BLI_listbase_is_empty(&mesh->vertex_group_names)) {
     return mesh;
   }
 
@@ -348,15 +347,15 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *
     Object *armature_ob = mmd->ob_arm;
 
     /* Return input mesh if there is no armature with bones. */
-    if (ELEM(NULL, armature_ob, armature_ob->pose, ob->defbase.first)) {
+    if (ELEM(NULL, armature_ob, armature_ob->pose)) {
       return mesh;
     }
 
     vertex_mask = Array<bool>(mesh->totvert);
-    compute_vertex_mask__armature_mode(dvert, ob, armature_ob, mmd->threshold, vertex_mask);
+    compute_vertex_mask__armature_mode(dvert, mesh, armature_ob, mmd->threshold, vertex_mask);
   }
   else {
-    int defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, mmd->vgroup);
+    int defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, mmd->vgroup);
 
     /* Return input mesh if the vertex group does not exist. */
     if (defgrp_index == -1) {
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_meshcache.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_meshcache.c
index 6ec3277ee7a..e0507320628 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_meshcache.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_meshcache.c
@@ -104,20 +104,20 @@ static void meshcache_do(MeshCacheModifierData *mcmd,
   /* -------------------------------------------------------------------- */
   /* Interpret Time (the reading functions also do some of this ) */
   if (mcmd->play_mode == MOD_MESHCACHE_PLAY_CFEA) {
-    const float cfra = BKE_scene_frame_get(scene);
+    const float ctime = BKE_scene_ctime_get(scene);
 
     switch (mcmd->time_mode) {
       case MOD_MESHCACHE_TIME_FRAME: {
-        time = cfra;
+        time = ctime;
         break;
       }
       case MOD_MESHCACHE_TIME_SECONDS: {
-        time = cfra / fps;
+        time = ctime / fps;
         break;
       }
       case MOD_MESHCACHE_TIME_FACTOR:
       default: {
-        time = cfra / fps;
+        time = ctime / fps;
         break;
       }
     }
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes.cc b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes.cc
index 9af2472f2c6..87fce26c45e 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes.cc
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes.cc
@@ -1018,8 +1018,7 @@ static void modifyGeometry(ModifierData *md,
 static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *mesh)
 {
   GeometrySet geometry_set = GeometrySet::create_with_mesh(mesh, GeometryOwnershipType::Editable);
-  geometry_set.get_component_for_write<MeshComponent>().copy_vertex_group_names_from_object(
-      *ctx->object);
+
   modifyGeometry(md, ctx, geometry_set);
 
   if (ctx->flag & MOD_APPLY_TO_BASE_MESH) {
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes_evaluator.cc b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes_evaluator.cc
index 18cc1ce6c86..e652eb8353d 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes_evaluator.cc
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_nodes_evaluator.cc
@@ -1177,7 +1177,7 @@ class GeometryNodesEvaluator {
         to_sockets.append(to_socket);
       }
     };
-    auto handle_skipped_socket_fn = [&, this](const DSocket socket) {
+    auto handle_skipped_socket_fn = [&](const DSocket socket) {
       sockets_to_log_to.append(socket);
     };
     from_socket.foreach_target_socket(handle_target_socket_fn, handle_skipped_socket_fn);
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_particlesystem.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_particlesystem.c
index c00d8ea7fa8..b48cbf233ef 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_particlesystem.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_particlesystem.c
@@ -120,7 +120,6 @@ static void deformVerts(ModifierData *md,
   Mesh *mesh_src = mesh;
   ParticleSystemModifierData *psmd = (ParticleSystemModifierData *)md;
   ParticleSystem *psys = NULL;
-  /* float cfra = BKE_scene_frame_get(md->scene); */ /* UNUSED */
 
   if (ctx->object->particlesystem.first) {
     psys = psmd->psys;
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_extrude.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_extrude.c
index a2fcbe35dcc..e97190b1878 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_extrude.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_extrude.c
@@ -242,9 +242,8 @@ Mesh *MOD_solidify_extrude_modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContex
   MDeformVert *dvert;
   const bool defgrp_invert = (smd->flag & MOD_SOLIDIFY_VGROUP_INV) != 0;
   int defgrp_index;
-  const int shell_defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object,
-                                                                smd->shell_defgrp_name);
-  const int rim_defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object, smd->rim_defgrp_name);
+  const int shell_defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, smd->shell_defgrp_name);
+  const int rim_defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, smd->rim_defgrp_name);
 
   /* array size is doubled in case of using a shell */
   const uint stride = do_shell ? 2 : 1;
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_nonmanifold.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_nonmanifold.c
index 1a7daa10e0f..b872f04b60f 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_nonmanifold.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_solidify_nonmanifold.c
@@ -181,9 +181,8 @@ Mesh *MOD_solidify_nonmanifold_modifyMesh(ModifierData *md,
   MDeformVert *dvert;
   const bool defgrp_invert = (smd->flag & MOD_SOLIDIFY_VGROUP_INV) != 0;
   int defgrp_index;
-  const int shell_defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object,
-                                                                smd->shell_defgrp_name);
-  const int rim_defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object, smd->rim_defgrp_name);
+  const int shell_defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, smd->shell_defgrp_name);
+  const int rim_defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, smd->rim_defgrp_name);
 
   MOD_get_vgroup(ctx->object, mesh, smd->defgrp_name, &dvert, &defgrp_index);
 
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_surfacedeform.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_surfacedeform.c
index dd011a293ee..ec6de8f8387 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_surfacedeform.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_surfacedeform.c
@@ -94,6 +94,11 @@ typedef struct SDefBindCalcData {
   float imat[4][4];
   const float falloff;
   int success;
+  /** Vertex group lookup data. */
+  const MDeformVert *const dvert;
+  int const defgrp_index;
+  bool const invert_vgroup;
+  bool const sparse_bind;
 } SDefBindCalcData;
 
 /**
@@ -218,7 +223,7 @@ static void freeData(ModifierData *md)
   SurfaceDeformModifierData *smd = (SurfaceDeformModifierData *)md;
 
   if (smd->verts) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < smd->numverts; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < smd->num_bind_verts; i++) {
       if (smd->verts[i].binds) {
         for (int j = 0; j < smd->verts[i].numbinds; j++) {
           MEM_SAFE_FREE(smd->verts[i].binds[j].vert_inds);
@@ -243,7 +248,7 @@ static void copyData(const ModifierData *md, ModifierData *target, const int fla
   if (smd->verts) {
     tsmd->verts = MEM_dupallocN(smd->verts);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < smd->numverts; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < smd->num_bind_verts; i++) {
       if (smd->verts[i].binds) {
         tsmd->verts[i].binds = MEM_dupallocN(smd->verts[i].binds);
 
@@ -963,12 +968,32 @@ static void bindVert(void *__restrict userdata,
   SDefBindPoly *bpoly;
   SDefBind *sdbind;
 
+  sdvert->vertex_idx = index;
+
   if (data->success != MOD_SDEF_BIND_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
     sdvert->binds = NULL;
     sdvert->numbinds = 0;
     return;
   }
 
+  if (data->sparse_bind) {
+    float weight = 0.0f;
+
+    if (data->dvert && data->defgrp_index != -1) {
+      weight = BKE_defvert_find_weight(&data->dvert[index], data->defgrp_index);
+    }
+
+    if (data->invert_vgroup) {
+      weight = 1.0f - weight;
+    }
+
+    if (weight <= 0) {
+      sdvert->binds = NULL;
+      sdvert->numbinds = 0;
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+
   copy_v3_v3(point_co, data->vertexCos[index]);
   bwdata = computeBindWeights(data, point_co);
 
@@ -1135,6 +1160,21 @@ static void bindVert(void *__restrict userdata,
   freeBindData(bwdata);
 }
 
+/* Remove vertices without bind data from the bind array. */
+static void compactSparseBinds(SurfaceDeformModifierData *smd)
+{
+  smd->num_bind_verts = 0;
+
+  for (uint i = 0; i < smd->num_mesh_verts; i++) {
+    if (smd->verts[i].numbinds > 0) {
+      smd->verts[smd->num_bind_verts++] = smd->verts[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  smd->verts = MEM_reallocN_id(
+      smd->verts, sizeof(*smd->verts) * smd->num_bind_verts, "SDefBindVerts (sparse)");
+}
+
 static bool surfacedeformBind(Object *ob,
                               SurfaceDeformModifierData *smd_orig,
                               SurfaceDeformModifierData *smd_eval,
@@ -1142,7 +1182,8 @@ static bool surfacedeformBind(Object *ob,
                               uint numverts,
                               uint tnumpoly,
                               uint tnumverts,
-                              Mesh *target)
+                              Mesh *target,
+                              Mesh *mesh)
 {
   BVHTreeFromMesh treeData = {NULL};
   const MVert *mvert = target->mvert;
@@ -1205,9 +1246,15 @@ static bool surfacedeformBind(Object *ob,
     return false;
   }
 
-  smd_orig->numverts = numverts;
+  smd_orig->num_mesh_verts = numverts;
   smd_orig->numpoly = tnumpoly;
 
+  int defgrp_index;
+  MDeformVert *dvert;
+  MOD_get_vgroup(ob, mesh, smd_orig->defgrp_name, &dvert, &defgrp_index);
+  const bool invert_vgroup = (smd_orig->flags & MOD_SDEF_INVERT_VGROUP) != 0;
+  const bool sparse_bind = (smd_orig->flags & MOD_SDEF_SPARSE_BIND) != 0;
+
   SDefBindCalcData data = {
       .treeData = &treeData,
       .vert_edges = vert_edges,
@@ -1221,6 +1268,10 @@ static bool surfacedeformBind(Object *ob,
       .vertexCos = vertexCos,
       .falloff = smd_orig->falloff,
       .success = MOD_SDEF_BIND_RESULT_SUCCESS,
+      .dvert = dvert,
+      .defgrp_index = defgrp_index,
+      .invert_vgroup = invert_vgroup,
+      .sparse_bind = sparse_bind,
   };
 
   if (data.targetCos == NULL) {
@@ -1242,6 +1293,13 @@ static bool surfacedeformBind(Object *ob,
 
   MEM_freeN(data.targetCos);
 
+  if (sparse_bind) {
+    compactSparseBinds(smd_orig);
+  }
+  else {
+    smd_orig->num_bind_verts = numverts;
+  }
+
   if (data.success == MOD_SDEF_BIND_RESULT_MEM_ERR) {
     BKE_modifier_set_error(ob, (ModifierData *)smd_eval, "Out of memory");
     freeData((ModifierData *)smd_orig);
@@ -1267,6 +1325,11 @@ static bool surfacedeformBind(Object *ob,
     BKE_modifier_set_error(ob, (ModifierData *)smd_eval, "Target contains invalid polygons");
     freeData((ModifierData *)smd_orig);
   }
+  else if (smd_orig->num_bind_verts == 0 || !smd_orig->verts) {
+    data.success = MOD_SDEF_BIND_RESULT_GENERIC_ERR;
+    BKE_modifier_set_error(ob, (ModifierData *)smd_eval, "No vertices were bound");
+    freeData((ModifierData *)smd_orig);
+  }
 
   freeAdjacencyMap(vert_edges, adj_array, edge_polys);
   free_bvhtree_from_mesh(&treeData);
@@ -1281,14 +1344,15 @@ static void deformVert(void *__restrict userdata,
   const SDefDeformData *const data = (SDefDeformData *)userdata;
   const SDefBind *sdbind = data->bind_verts[index].binds;
   const int num_binds = data->bind_verts[index].numbinds;
-  float *const vertexCos = data->vertexCos[index];
+  const unsigned int vertex_idx = data->bind_verts[index].vertex_idx;
+  float *const vertexCos = data->vertexCos[vertex_idx];
   float norm[3], temp[3], offset[3];
 
   /* Retrieve the value of the weight vertex group if specified. */
   float weight = 1.0f;
 
   if (data->dvert && data->defgrp_index != -1) {
-    weight = BKE_defvert_find_weight(&data->dvert[index], data->defgrp_index);
+    weight = BKE_defvert_find_weight(&data->dvert[vertex_idx], data->defgrp_index);
 
     if (data->invert_vgroup) {
       weight = 1.0f - weight;
@@ -1423,7 +1487,8 @@ static void surfacedeformModifier_do(ModifierData *md,
     /* Avoid converting edit-mesh data, binding is an exception. */
     BKE_mesh_wrapper_ensure_mdata(target);
 
-    if (!surfacedeformBind(ob, smd_orig, smd, vertexCos, numverts, tnumpoly, tnumverts, target)) {
+    if (!surfacedeformBind(
+            ob, smd_orig, smd, vertexCos, numverts, tnumpoly, tnumverts, target, mesh)) {
       smd->flags &= ~MOD_SDEF_BIND;
     }
     /* Early abort, this is binding 'call', no need to perform whole evaluation. */
@@ -1431,8 +1496,9 @@ static void surfacedeformModifier_do(ModifierData *md,
   }
 
   /* Poly count checks */
-  if (smd->numverts != numverts) {
-    BKE_modifier_set_error(ob, md, "Vertices changed from %u to %u", smd->numverts, numverts);
+  if (smd->num_mesh_verts != numverts) {
+    BKE_modifier_set_error(
+        ob, md, "Vertices changed from %u to %u", smd->num_mesh_verts, numverts);
     return;
   }
   if (smd->numpoly != tnumpoly) {
@@ -1468,8 +1534,8 @@ static void surfacedeformModifier_do(ModifierData *md,
 
     TaskParallelSettings settings;
     BLI_parallel_range_settings_defaults(&settings);
-    settings.use_threading = (numverts > 10000);
-    BLI_task_parallel_range(0, numverts, &data, deformVert, &settings);
+    settings.use_threading = (smd->num_bind_verts > 10000);
+    BLI_task_parallel_range(0, smd->num_bind_verts, &data, deformVert, &settings);
 
     MEM_freeN(data.targetCos);
   }
@@ -1554,6 +1620,11 @@ static void panel_draw(const bContext *UNUSED(C), Panel *panel)
 
   modifier_vgroup_ui(layout, ptr, &ob_ptr, "vertex_group", "invert_vertex_group", NULL);
 
+  col = uiLayoutColumn(layout, false);
+  uiLayoutSetEnabled(col, !is_bound);
+  uiLayoutSetActive(col, !is_bound && RNA_string_length(ptr, "vertex_group") != 0);
+  uiItemR(col, ptr, "use_sparse_bind", 0, NULL, ICON_NONE);
+
   uiItemS(layout);
 
   col = uiLayoutColumn(layout, false);
@@ -1576,10 +1647,10 @@ static void blendWrite(BlendWriter *writer, const ModifierData *md)
 {
   const SurfaceDeformModifierData *smd = (const SurfaceDeformModifierData *)md;
 
-  BLO_write_struct_array(writer, SDefVert, smd->numverts, smd->verts);
+  BLO_write_struct_array(writer, SDefVert, smd->num_bind_verts, smd->verts);
 
   if (smd->verts) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < smd->numverts; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < smd->num_bind_verts; i++) {
       BLO_write_struct_array(writer, SDefBind, smd->verts[i].numbinds, smd->verts[i].binds);
 
       if (smd->verts[i].binds) {
@@ -1607,7 +1678,7 @@ static void blendRead(BlendDataReader *reader, ModifierData *md)
   BLO_read_data_address(reader, &smd->verts);
 
   if (smd->verts) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < smd->numverts; i++) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < smd->num_bind_verts; i++) {
       BLO_read_data_address(reader, &smd->verts[i].binds);
 
       if (smd->verts[i].binds) {
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_util.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_util.c
index 9aed4fbfc5f..5b97d0eb259 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_util.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_util.c
@@ -254,15 +254,22 @@ Mesh *MOD_deform_mesh_eval_get(Object *ob,
 void MOD_get_vgroup(
     Object *ob, struct Mesh *mesh, const char *name, MDeformVert **dvert, int *defgrp_index)
 {
-  *defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, name);
-  *dvert = NULL;
-
-  if (*defgrp_index != -1) {
-    if (ob->type == OB_LATTICE) {
+  if (mesh) {
+    *defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, name);
+    if (*defgrp_index != -1) {
+      *dvert = mesh->dvert;
+    }
+    else {
+      *dvert = NULL;
+    }
+  }
+  else {
+    *defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, name);
+    if (*defgrp_index != -1 && ob->type == OB_LATTICE) {
       *dvert = BKE_lattice_deform_verts_get(ob);
     }
-    else if (mesh) {
-      *dvert = mesh->dvert;
+    else {
+      *dvert = NULL;
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvg_util.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvg_util.c
index c5e2ecb9660..696c4c855c7 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvg_util.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvg_util.c
@@ -230,7 +230,7 @@ void weightvg_do_mask(const ModifierEvalContext *ctx,
 
     MEM_freeN(tex_co);
   }
-  else if ((ref_didx = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, defgrp_name)) != -1) {
+  else if ((ref_didx = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, defgrp_name)) != -1) {
     MDeformVert *dvert = NULL;
 
     /* Check whether we want to set vgroup weights from a constant weight factor or a vertex
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgedit.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgedit.c
index b5f72c88800..093fa118ee0 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgedit.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgedit.c
@@ -194,12 +194,12 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *
   /* Check if we can just return the original mesh.
    * Must have verts and therefore verts assigned to vgroups to do anything useful!
    */
-  if ((numVerts == 0) || BLI_listbase_is_empty(&ctx->object->defbase)) {
+  if ((numVerts == 0) || BLI_listbase_is_empty(&mesh->vertex_group_names)) {
     return mesh;
   }
 
   /* Get vgroup idx from its name. */
-  const int defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object, wmd->defgrp_name);
+  const int defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, wmd->defgrp_name);
   if (defgrp_index == -1) {
     return mesh;
   }
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgmix.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgmix.c
index a71a2f3b480..7aae089fa18 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgmix.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgmix.c
@@ -245,19 +245,19 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *
   /* Check if we can just return the original mesh.
    * Must have verts and therefore verts assigned to vgroups to do anything useful!
    */
-  if ((numVerts == 0) || BLI_listbase_is_empty(&ctx->object->defbase)) {
+  if ((numVerts == 0) || BLI_listbase_is_empty(&mesh->vertex_group_names)) {
     return mesh;
   }
 
   /* Get vgroup idx from its name. */
-  const int defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object, wmd->defgrp_name_a);
+  const int defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, wmd->defgrp_name_a);
   if (defgrp_index == -1) {
     return mesh;
   }
   /* Get second vgroup idx from its name, if given. */
   int defgrp_index_other = -1;
   if (wmd->defgrp_name_b[0] != '\0') {
-    defgrp_index_other = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ctx->object, wmd->defgrp_name_b);
+    defgrp_index_other = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, wmd->defgrp_name_b);
     if (defgrp_index_other == -1) {
       return mesh;
     }
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgproximity.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgproximity.c
index b0d2f52f78c..6e78774269a 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgproximity.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weightvgproximity.c
@@ -468,7 +468,7 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *
   /* Check if we can just return the original mesh.
    * Must have verts and therefore verts assigned to vgroups to do anything useful!
    */
-  if ((numVerts == 0) || BLI_listbase_is_empty(&ctx->object->defbase)) {
+  if ((numVerts == 0) || BLI_listbase_is_empty(&mesh->vertex_group_names)) {
     return mesh;
   }
 
@@ -479,11 +479,10 @@ static Mesh *modifyMesh(ModifierData *md, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *
   }
 
   /* Get vgroup idx from its name. */
-  defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, wmd->defgrp_name);
+  defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, wmd->defgrp_name);
   if (defgrp_index == -1) {
     return mesh;
   }
-
   const bool has_mdef = CustomData_has_layer(&mesh->vdata, CD_MDEFORMVERT);
   /* If no vertices were ever added to an object's vgroup, dvert might be NULL. */
   /* As this modifier never add vertices to vgroup, just return. */
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weld.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weld.c
index 1590f342666..fe2d699aea8 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weld.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_weld.c
@@ -1573,11 +1573,12 @@ struct WeldVertexCluster {
   uint merged_verts;
 };
 
-static Mesh *weldModifier_doWeld(WeldModifierData *wmd, const ModifierEvalContext *ctx, Mesh *mesh)
+static Mesh *weldModifier_doWeld(WeldModifierData *wmd,
+                                 const ModifierEvalContext *UNUSED(ctx),
+                                 Mesh *mesh)
 {
   Mesh *result = mesh;
 
-  Object *ob = ctx->object;
   BLI_bitmap *v_mask = NULL;
   int v_mask_act = 0;
 
@@ -1590,7 +1591,7 @@ static Mesh *weldModifier_doWeld(WeldModifierData *wmd, const ModifierEvalContex
   totvert = mesh->totvert;
 
   /* Vertex Group. */
-  const int defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, wmd->defgrp_name);
+  const int defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, wmd->defgrp_name);
   if (defgrp_index != -1) {
     MDeformVert *dvert, *dv;
     dvert = CustomData_get_layer(&mesh->vdata, CD_MDEFORMVERT);
diff --git a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_wireframe.c b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_wireframe.c
index c294b8f69ba..55fcfed8e98 100644
--- a/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_wireframe.c
+++ b/source/blender/modifiers/intern/MOD_wireframe.c
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ static Mesh *WireframeModifier_do(WireframeModifierData *wmd, Object *ob, Mesh *
   Mesh *result;
   BMesh *bm;
 
-  const int defgrp_index = BKE_object_defgroup_name_index(ob, wmd->defgrp_name);
+  const int defgrp_index = BKE_id_defgroup_name_index(&mesh->id, wmd->defgrp_name);
 
   bm = BKE_mesh_to_bmesh_ex(ob, mesh,
                             &(struct BMeshCreateParams){0},