path: root/portable/GCC/ARM_CM0/port.c

/*
 * FreeRTOS Kernel V10.5.0
 * Copyright (C) 2021 Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
 * this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
 * the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
 * use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of
 * the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
 * subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
 * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS
 * FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR
 * COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER
 * IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN
 * CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 * https://www.FreeRTOS.org
 * https://github.com/FreeRTOS
 *
 */

/*-----------------------------------------------------------
* Implementation of functions defined in portable.h for the ARM CM0 port.
*----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Scheduler includes. */
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"

#ifndef configSYSTICK_CLOCK_HZ
    #define configSYSTICK_CLOCK_HZ      configCPU_CLOCK_HZ
    /* Ensure the SysTick is clocked at the same frequency as the core. */
    #define portNVIC_SYSTICK_CLK_BIT    ( 1UL << 2UL )
#else

/* The way the SysTick is clocked is not modified in case it is not the same
 * as the core. */
    #define portNVIC_SYSTICK_CLK_BIT    ( 0 )
#endif

/* Constants required to manipulate the NVIC. */
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG             ( *( ( volatile uint32_t * ) 0xe000e010 ) )
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG             ( *( ( volatile uint32_t * ) 0xe000e014 ) )
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG    ( *( ( volatile uint32_t * ) 0xe000e018 ) )
#define portNVIC_INT_CTRL_REG                 ( *( ( volatile uint32_t * ) 0xe000ed04 ) )
#define portNVIC_SHPR3_REG                    ( *( ( volatile uint32_t * ) 0xe000ed20 ) )
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_INT_BIT              ( 1UL << 1UL )
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_ENABLE_BIT           ( 1UL << 0UL )
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_COUNT_FLAG_BIT       ( 1UL << 16UL )
#define portNVIC_PENDSVSET_BIT                ( 1UL << 28UL )
#define portMIN_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY            ( 255UL )
#define portNVIC_PENDSV_PRI                   ( portMIN_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY << 16UL )
#define portNVIC_SYSTICK_PRI                  ( portMIN_INTERRUPT_PRIORITY << 24UL )

/* Constants required to set up the initial stack. */
#define portINITIAL_XPSR                      ( 0x01000000 )

/* The systick is a 24-bit counter. */
#define portMAX_24_BIT_NUMBER                 ( 0xffffffUL )

/* A fiddle factor to estimate the number of SysTick counts that would have
 * occurred while the SysTick counter is stopped during tickless idle
 * calculations. */
#ifndef portMISSED_COUNTS_FACTOR
    #define portMISSED_COUNTS_FACTOR    ( 45UL )
#endif

/* Let the user override the pre-loading of the initial LR with the address of
 * prvTaskExitError() in case it messes up unwinding of the stack in the
 * debugger. */
#ifdef configTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS
    #define portTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS    configTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS
#else
    #define portTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS    prvTaskExitError
#endif

/*
 * Setup the timer to generate the tick interrupts.  The implementation in this
 * file is weak to allow application writers to change the timer used to
 * generate the tick interrupt.
 */
void vPortSetupTimerInterrupt( void );

/*
 * Exception handlers.
 */
void xPortPendSVHandler( void ) __attribute__( ( naked ) );
void xPortSysTickHandler( void );
void vPortSVCHandler( void );

/*
 * Start first task is a separate function so it can be tested in isolation.
 */
static void vPortStartFirstTask( void ) __attribute__( ( naked ) );

/*
 * Used to catch tasks that attempt to return from their implementing function.
 */
static void prvTaskExitError( void );

/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/* Each task maintains its own interrupt status in the critical nesting
 * variable. */
static UBaseType_t uxCriticalNesting = 0xaaaaaaaa;

/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 * The number of SysTick increments that make up one tick period.
 */
#if ( configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE == 1 )
    static uint32_t ulTimerCountsForOneTick = 0;
#endif /* configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE */

/*
 * The maximum number of tick periods that can be suppressed is limited by the
 * 24 bit resolution of the SysTick timer.
 */
#if ( configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE == 1 )
    static uint32_t xMaximumPossibleSuppressedTicks = 0;
#endif /* configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE */

/*
 * Compensate for the CPU cycles that pass while the SysTick is stopped (low
 * power functionality only.
 */
#if ( configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE == 1 )
    static uint32_t ulStoppedTimerCompensation = 0;
#endif /* configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE */

/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 * See header file for description.
 */
StackType_t * pxPortInitialiseStack( StackType_t * pxTopOfStack,
                                     TaskFunction_t pxCode,
                                     void * pvParameters )
{
    /* Simulate the stack frame as it would be created by a context switch
     * interrupt. */
    pxTopOfStack--;                                          /* Offset added to account for the way the MCU uses the stack on entry/exit of interrupts. */
    *pxTopOfStack = portINITIAL_XPSR;                        /* xPSR */
    pxTopOfStack--;
    *pxTopOfStack = ( StackType_t ) pxCode;                  /* PC */
    pxTopOfStack--;
    *pxTopOfStack = ( StackType_t ) portTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS; /* LR */
    pxTopOfStack -= 5;                                       /* R12, R3, R2 and R1. */
    *pxTopOfStack = ( StackType_t ) pvParameters;            /* R0 */
    pxTopOfStack -= 8;                                       /* R11..R4. */

    return pxTopOfStack;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

static void prvTaskExitError( void )
{
    volatile uint32_t ulDummy = 0UL;

    /* A function that implements a task must not exit or attempt to return to
     * its caller as there is nothing to return to.  If a task wants to exit it
     * should instead call vTaskDelete( NULL ).
     *
     * Artificially force an assert() to be triggered if configASSERT() is
     * defined, then stop here so application writers can catch the error. */
    configASSERT( uxCriticalNesting == ~0UL );
    portDISABLE_INTERRUPTS();

    while( ulDummy == 0 )
    {
        /* This file calls prvTaskExitError() after the scheduler has been
         * started to remove a compiler warning about the function being defined
         * but never called.  ulDummy is used purely to quieten other warnings
         * about code appearing after this function is called - making ulDummy
         * volatile makes the compiler think the function could return and
         * therefore not output an 'unreachable code' warning for code that appears
         * after it. */
    }
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vPortSVCHandler( void )
{
    /* This function is no longer used, but retained for backward
     * compatibility. */
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vPortStartFirstTask( void )
{
    /* The MSP stack is not reset as, unlike on M3/4 parts, there is no vector
     * table offset register that can be used to locate the initial stack value.
     * Not all M0 parts have the application vector table at address 0. */
    __asm volatile (
        "	.syntax unified				\n"
        "	ldr  r2, pxCurrentTCBConst2	\n"/* Obtain location of pxCurrentTCB. */
        "	ldr  r3, [r2]				\n"
        "	ldr  r0, [r3]				\n"/* The first item in pxCurrentTCB is the task top of stack. */
        "	adds r0, #32					\n"/* Discard everything up to r0. */
        "	msr  psp, r0					\n"/* This is now the new top of stack to use in the task. */
        "	movs r0, #2					\n"/* Switch to the psp stack. */
        "	msr  CONTROL, r0				\n"
        "	isb							\n"
        "	pop  {r0-r5}					\n"/* Pop the registers that are saved automatically. */
        "	mov  lr, r5					\n"/* lr is now in r5. */
        "	pop  {r3}					\n"/* Return address is now in r3. */
        "	pop  {r2}					\n"/* Pop and discard XPSR. */
        "	cpsie i						\n"/* The first task has its context and interrupts can be enabled. */
        "	bx   r3						\n"/* Finally, jump to the user defined task code. */
        "								\n"
        "	.align 4					\n"
        "pxCurrentTCBConst2: .word pxCurrentTCB	  "
        );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 * See header file for description.
 */
BaseType_t xPortStartScheduler( void )
{
    /* Make PendSV, CallSV and SysTick the same priority as the kernel. */
    portNVIC_SHPR3_REG |= portNVIC_PENDSV_PRI;
    portNVIC_SHPR3_REG |= portNVIC_SYSTICK_PRI;

    /* Start the timer that generates the tick ISR.  Interrupts are disabled
     * here already. */
    vPortSetupTimerInterrupt();

    /* Initialise the critical nesting count ready for the first task. */
    uxCriticalNesting = 0;

    /* Start the first task. */
    vPortStartFirstTask();

    /* Should never get here as the tasks will now be executing!  Call the task
     * exit error function to prevent compiler warnings about a static function
     * not being called in the case that the application writer overrides this
     * functionality by defining configTASK_RETURN_ADDRESS.  Call
     * vTaskSwitchContext() so link time optimisation does not remove the
     * symbol. */
    vTaskSwitchContext();
    prvTaskExitError();

    /* Should not get here! */
    return 0;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vPortEndScheduler( void )
{
    /* Not implemented in ports where there is nothing to return to.
     * Artificially force an assert. */
    configASSERT( uxCriticalNesting == 1000UL );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vPortYield( void )
{
    /* Set a PendSV to request a context switch. */
    portNVIC_INT_CTRL_REG = portNVIC_PENDSVSET_BIT;

    /* Barriers are normally not required but do ensure the code is completely
     * within the specified behaviour for the architecture. */
    __asm volatile ( "dsb" ::: "memory" );
    __asm volatile ( "isb" );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vPortEnterCritical( void )
{
    portDISABLE_INTERRUPTS();
    uxCriticalNesting++;
    __asm volatile ( "dsb" ::: "memory" );
    __asm volatile ( "isb" );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vPortExitCritical( void )
{
    configASSERT( uxCriticalNesting );
    uxCriticalNesting--;

    if( uxCriticalNesting == 0 )
    {
        portENABLE_INTERRUPTS();
    }
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

uint32_t ulSetInterruptMaskFromISR( void )
{
    __asm volatile (
        " mrs r0, PRIMASK	\n"
        " cpsid i			\n"
        " bx lr				  "
        ::: "memory"
        );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void vClearInterruptMaskFromISR( __attribute__( ( unused ) ) uint32_t ulMask )
{
    __asm volatile (
        " msr PRIMASK, r0	\n"
        " bx lr				  "
        ::: "memory"
        );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void xPortPendSVHandler( void )
{
    /* This is a naked function. */

    __asm volatile
    (
        "	.syntax unified						\n"
        "	mrs r0, psp							\n"
        "										\n"
        "	ldr	r3, pxCurrentTCBConst			\n"/* Get the location of the current TCB. */
        "	ldr	r2, [r3]						\n"
        "										\n"
        "	subs r0, r0, #32					\n"/* Make space for the remaining low registers. */
        "	str r0, [r2]						\n"/* Save the new top of stack. */
        "	stmia r0!, {r4-r7}					\n"/* Store the low registers that are not saved automatically. */
        " 	mov r4, r8							\n"/* Store the high registers. */
        " 	mov r5, r9							\n"
        " 	mov r6, r10							\n"
        " 	mov r7, r11							\n"
        " 	stmia r0!, {r4-r7}					\n"
        "										\n"
        "	push {r3, r14}						\n"
        "	cpsid i								\n"
        "	bl vTaskSwitchContext				\n"
        "	cpsie i								\n"
        "	pop {r2, r3}						\n"/* lr goes in r3. r2 now holds tcb pointer. */
        "										\n"
        "	ldr r1, [r2]						\n"
        "	ldr r0, [r1]						\n"/* The first item in pxCurrentTCB is the task top of stack. */
        "	adds r0, r0, #16					\n"/* Move to the high registers. */
        "	ldmia r0!, {r4-r7}					\n"/* Pop the high registers. */
        " 	mov r8, r4							\n"
        " 	mov r9, r5							\n"
        " 	mov r10, r6							\n"
        " 	mov r11, r7							\n"
        "										\n"
        "	msr psp, r0							\n"/* Remember the new top of stack for the task. */
        "										\n"
        "	subs r0, r0, #32					\n"/* Go back for the low registers that are not automatically restored. */
        " 	ldmia r0!, {r4-r7}					\n"/* Pop low registers.  */
        "										\n"
        "	bx r3								\n"
        "										\n"
        "	.align 4							\n"
        "pxCurrentTCBConst: .word pxCurrentTCB	  "
    );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

void xPortSysTickHandler( void )
{
    uint32_t ulPreviousMask;

    ulPreviousMask = portSET_INTERRUPT_MASK_FROM_ISR();
    {
        /* Increment the RTOS tick. */
        if( xTaskIncrementTick() != pdFALSE )
        {
            /* Pend a context switch. */
            portNVIC_INT_CTRL_REG = portNVIC_PENDSVSET_BIT;
        }
    }
    portCLEAR_INTERRUPT_MASK_FROM_ISR( ulPreviousMask );
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

/*
 * Setup the systick timer to generate the tick interrupts at the required
 * frequency.
 */
__attribute__( ( weak ) ) void vPortSetupTimerInterrupt( void )
{
    /* Calculate the constants required to configure the tick interrupt. */
    #if ( configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE == 1 )
        {
            ulTimerCountsForOneTick = ( configSYSTICK_CLOCK_HZ / configTICK_RATE_HZ );
            xMaximumPossibleSuppressedTicks = portMAX_24_BIT_NUMBER / ulTimerCountsForOneTick;
            ulStoppedTimerCompensation = portMISSED_COUNTS_FACTOR / ( configCPU_CLOCK_HZ / configSYSTICK_CLOCK_HZ );
        }
    #endif /* configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE */

    /* Stop and reset the SysTick. */
    portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG = 0UL;
    portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG = 0UL;

    /* Configure SysTick to interrupt at the requested rate. */
    portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = ( configSYSTICK_CLOCK_HZ / configTICK_RATE_HZ ) - 1UL;
    portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG = portNVIC_SYSTICK_CLK_BIT | portNVIC_SYSTICK_INT_BIT | portNVIC_SYSTICK_ENABLE_BIT;
}
/*-----------------------------------------------------------*/

#if ( configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE == 1 )

    __attribute__( ( weak ) ) void vPortSuppressTicksAndSleep( TickType_t xExpectedIdleTime )
    {
        uint32_t ulReloadValue, ulCompleteTickPeriods, ulCompletedSysTickDecrements;
        TickType_t xModifiableIdleTime;

        /* Make sure the SysTick reload value does not overflow the counter. */
        if( xExpectedIdleTime > xMaximumPossibleSuppressedTicks )
        {
            xExpectedIdleTime = xMaximumPossibleSuppressedTicks;
        }

        /* Stop the SysTick momentarily.  The time the SysTick is stopped for
         * is accounted for as best it can be, but using the tickless mode will
         * inevitably result in some tiny drift of the time maintained by the
         * kernel with respect to calendar time. */
        portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG &= ~portNVIC_SYSTICK_ENABLE_BIT;

        /* Calculate the reload value required to wait xExpectedIdleTime
         * tick periods.  -1 is used because this code will execute part way
         * through one of the tick periods. */
        ulReloadValue = portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG + ( ulTimerCountsForOneTick * ( xExpectedIdleTime - 1UL ) );

        if( ulReloadValue > ulStoppedTimerCompensation )
        {
            ulReloadValue -= ulStoppedTimerCompensation;
        }

        /* Enter a critical section but don't use the taskENTER_CRITICAL()
         * method as that will mask interrupts that should exit sleep mode. */
        __asm volatile ( "cpsid i" ::: "memory" );
        __asm volatile ( "dsb" );
        __asm volatile ( "isb" );

        /* If a context switch is pending or a task is waiting for the scheduler
         * to be unsuspended then abandon the low power entry. */
        if( eTaskConfirmSleepModeStatus() == eAbortSleep )
        {
            /* Restart from whatever is left in the count register to complete
             * this tick period. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG;

            /* Restart SysTick. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG |= portNVIC_SYSTICK_ENABLE_BIT;

            /* Reset the reload register to the value required for normal tick
             * periods. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = ulTimerCountsForOneTick - 1UL;

            /* Re-enable interrupts - see comments above the cpsid instruction()
             * above. */
            __asm volatile ( "cpsie i" ::: "memory" );
        }
        else
        {
            /* Set the new reload value. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = ulReloadValue;

            /* Clear the SysTick count flag and set the count value back to
             * zero. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG = 0UL;

            /* Restart SysTick. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG |= portNVIC_SYSTICK_ENABLE_BIT;

            /* Sleep until something happens.  configPRE_SLEEP_PROCESSING() can
             * set its parameter to 0 to indicate that its implementation contains
             * its own wait for interrupt or wait for event instruction, and so wfi
             * should not be executed again.  However, the original expected idle
             * time variable must remain unmodified, so a copy is taken. */
            xModifiableIdleTime = xExpectedIdleTime;
            configPRE_SLEEP_PROCESSING( xModifiableIdleTime );

            if( xModifiableIdleTime > 0 )
            {
                __asm volatile ( "dsb" ::: "memory" );
                __asm volatile ( "wfi" );
                __asm volatile ( "isb" );
            }

            configPOST_SLEEP_PROCESSING( xExpectedIdleTime );

            /* Re-enable interrupts to allow the interrupt that brought the MCU
             * out of sleep mode to execute immediately.  see comments above
             * __disable_interrupt() call above. */
            __asm volatile ( "cpsie i" ::: "memory" );
            __asm volatile ( "dsb" );
            __asm volatile ( "isb" );

            /* Disable interrupts again because the clock is about to be stopped
             * and interrupts that execute while the clock is stopped will increase
             * any slippage between the time maintained by the RTOS and calendar
             * time. */
            __asm volatile ( "cpsid i" ::: "memory" );
            __asm volatile ( "dsb" );
            __asm volatile ( "isb" );

            /* Disable the SysTick clock without reading the
             * portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG register to ensure the
             * portNVIC_SYSTICK_COUNT_FLAG_BIT is not cleared if it is set.  Again,
             * the time the SysTick is stopped for is accounted for as best it can
             * be, but using the tickless mode will inevitably result in some tiny
             * drift of the time maintained by the kernel with respect to calendar
             * time*/
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG = ( portNVIC_SYSTICK_CLK_BIT | portNVIC_SYSTICK_INT_BIT );

            /* Determine if the SysTick clock has already counted to zero and
             * been set back to the current reload value (the reload back being
             * correct for the entire expected idle time) or if the SysTick is yet
             * to count to zero (in which case an interrupt other than the SysTick
             * must have brought the system out of sleep mode). */
            if( ( portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG & portNVIC_SYSTICK_COUNT_FLAG_BIT ) != 0 )
            {
                uint32_t ulCalculatedLoadValue;

                /* The tick interrupt is already pending, and the SysTick count
                 * reloaded with ulReloadValue.  Reset the
                 * portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG with whatever remains of this tick
                 * period. */
                ulCalculatedLoadValue = ( ulTimerCountsForOneTick - 1UL ) - ( ulReloadValue - portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG );

                /* Don't allow a tiny value, or values that have somehow
                 * underflowed because the post sleep hook did something
                 * that took too long. */
                if( ( ulCalculatedLoadValue < ulStoppedTimerCompensation ) || ( ulCalculatedLoadValue > ulTimerCountsForOneTick ) )
                {
                    ulCalculatedLoadValue = ( ulTimerCountsForOneTick - 1UL );
                }

                portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = ulCalculatedLoadValue;

                /* As the pending tick will be processed as soon as this
                 * function exits, the tick value maintained by the tick is stepped
                 * forward by one less than the time spent waiting. */
                ulCompleteTickPeriods = xExpectedIdleTime - 1UL;
            }
            else
            {
                /* Something other than the tick interrupt ended the sleep.
                 * Work out how long the sleep lasted rounded to complete tick
                 * periods (not the ulReload value which accounted for part
                 * ticks). */
                ulCompletedSysTickDecrements = ( xExpectedIdleTime * ulTimerCountsForOneTick ) - portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG;

                /* How many complete tick periods passed while the processor
                 * was waiting? */
                ulCompleteTickPeriods = ulCompletedSysTickDecrements / ulTimerCountsForOneTick;

                /* The reload value is set to whatever fraction of a single tick
                 * period remains. */
                portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = ( ( ulCompleteTickPeriods + 1UL ) * ulTimerCountsForOneTick ) - ulCompletedSysTickDecrements;
            }

            /* Restart SysTick so it runs from portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG
             * again, then set portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG back to its standard
             * value. */
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_CURRENT_VALUE_REG = 0UL;
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_CTRL_REG |= portNVIC_SYSTICK_ENABLE_BIT;
            vTaskStepTick( ulCompleteTickPeriods );
            portNVIC_SYSTICK_LOAD_REG = ulTimerCountsForOneTick - 1UL;

            /* Exit with interrpts enabled. */
            __asm volatile ( "cpsie i" ::: "memory" );
        }
    }

#endif /* configUSE_TICKLESS_IDLE */