Move obj and bin directories into repo root (#10063)

The Arcade SDK requires that the obj/ and bin/ folders be placed in the top-level artifacts/ folder of the repo. Although this PR does not complete our Arcade convergence, this is a step towards updating our repo to build with the Arcade SDK.

Changes:
* Set output path for build to artifacts/bin/$(ProjectName)/ 
* Set intermediate output path for build to artifacts/obj/$(ProjectName)/
* Cleanup .gitignore files (remove duplication between repo-root and tested gitignore files)
* Add code check which looks for project files that share the same name (could cause issues)
* Rename project files to have unique names (avoid race condition of build output)
* Update all locations which were hard-coded to expect bin/ and obj/ in the project directory
* Add overrides for tests which still assert test binaries exist in a given location relative to the source code

1 files changed, 32 insertions, 28 deletions

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index 789031bf52..8a2385174b 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -1,38 +1,42 @@
+# Folders
+artifacts/
 bin/
 obj/
+.dotnet/
+.nuget/
+.packages/
+.tools/
 .vs/
 .vscode/
-*.suo
-*.user
-_ReSharper.*
-*.DS_Store
-*.userprefs
-*.pidb
-*.vspx
-*.psess
-*.binlog
-*.log
-artifacts/
-StyleCop.Cache
 node_modules/
-*.snk
-.nuget
-.packages/
-.r
-.w
-.deps
-msbuild.ProjectImports.zip
-.env
-scripts/tmp/
-.dotnet/
-.tools/
-src/**/global.json
-launchSettings.json
 BenchmarkDotNet.Artifacts/
-korebuild-lock.txt
 .gradle/
 src/SignalR/clients/**/dist/
 modules/
 
-# Template config files for blazor templates is generated on-build
-src/Components/**/.template.config/
+# File extensions
+*.aps
+*.binlog
+*.dll
+*.DS_Store
+*.exe
+*.idb
+*.lib
+*.log
+*.pch
+*.pdb
+*.pidb
+*.psess
+*.res
+*.snk
+*.suo
+*.tlog
+*.user
+*.userprefs
+*.vspx
+
+# Specific files, typically generated by tools
+launchSettings.json
+msbuild.ProjectImports.zip
+StyleCop.Cache
+UpgradeLog.htm