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+---
+title: Build Options
+linktitle: Build Options
+description: Build options help define how Hugo must treat a given page when building the site.
+date: 2020-03-02
+publishdate: 2020-03-02
+keywords: [build,content,front matter, page resources]
+categories: ["content management"]
+
+weight: 31 #rem
+draft: false
+aliases: [/content/build-options/]
+toc: true
+---
+
+They are stored in a reserved Front Matter object named `_build` with the following defaults:
+
+```yaml
+_build:
+ render: always
+ list: always
+ publishResources: true
+```
+
+#### render
+If `always`, the page will be treated as a published page, holding its dedicated output files (`index.html`, etc...) and permalink.
+
+{{< new-in "0.76.0" >}} We extended this property from a boolean to an enum in Hugo 0.76.0. Valid values are:
+
+never
+: The page will not be included in any page collection.
+
+always (default)
+: The page will be rendered to disk and get a `RelPermalink` etc.
+
+link
+: The page will be not be rendered to disk, but will get a `RelPermalink`.
+
+#### list
+
+Note that we extended this property from a boolean to an enum in Hugo 0.68.0.
+
+Valid values are:
+
+never
+: The page will not be included in any page collection.
+
+always (default)
+: The page will be included in all page collections, e.g. `site.RegularPages`, `$page.Pages`.
+
+local
+: The page will be included in any _local_ page collection, e.g. `$page.RegularPages`, `$page.Pages`. One use case for this would be to create fully navigable, but headless content sections. {{< new-in "0.68.0" >}}
+
+If true, the page will be treated as part of the project's collections and, when appropriate, returned by Hugo's listing methods (`.Pages`, `.RegularPages` etc...).
+
+#### publishResources
+
+If set to true the [Bundle's Resources]({{< relref "content-management/page-bundles" >}}) will be published.
+Setting this to false will still publish Resources on demand (when a resource's `.Permalink` or `.RelPermalink` is invoked from the templates) but will skip the others.
+
+{{% note %}}
+Any page, regardless of their build options, will always be available using the [`.GetPage`]({{< relref "functions/GetPage" >}}) methods.
+{{% /note %}}
+
+------
+
+### Illustrative use cases
+
+#### Not publishing a page
+Project needs a "Who We Are" content file for Front Matter and body to be used by the homepage but nowhere else.
+
+```yaml
+# content/who-we-are.md`
+title: Who we are
+_build:
+ list: false
+ render: false
+```
+
+```go-html-template
+{{/* layouts/index.html */}}
+<section id="who-we-are">
+{{ with site.GetPage "who-we-are" }}
+ {{ .Content }}
+{{ end }}
+</section>
+```
+
+#### Listing pages without publishing them
+
+Website needs to showcase a few of the hundred "testimonials" available as content files without publishing any of them.
+
+To avoid setting the build options on every testimonials, one can use [`cascade`]({{< relref "/content-management/front-matter#front-matter-cascade" >}}) on the testimonial section's content file.
+
+```yaml
+#content/testimonials/_index.md
+title: Testimonials
+# section build options:
+_build:
+ render: true
+# children build options with cascade
+cascade:
+ _build:
+ render: false
+ list: true # default
+```
+
+```go-html-template
+{{/* layouts/_defaults/testimonials.html */}}
+<section id="testimonials">
+{{ range first 5 .Pages }}
+ <blockquote cite="{{ .Params.cite }}">
+ {{ .Content }}
+ </blockquote>
+{{ end }}
+</section>