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<?php
/**
* Piwik - Open source web analytics
*
* @link http://piwik.org
* @license http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html GPL v3 or later
*
* @category Piwik
* @package Piwik
*/
namespace Piwik;
use Exception;
use Piwik\Tracker\Cache;
use Piwik\Tracker\Db\DbException;
use Piwik\Tracker\Db\Mysqli;
use Piwik\Tracker\Db\Pdo\Mysql;
use Piwik\Tracker\Request;
use Piwik\Tracker\Visit;
use Piwik\Tracker\VisitInterface;
use Zend_Registry;
/**
* Class used by the logging script piwik.php called by the javascript tag.
* Handles the visitor & his/her actions on the website, saves the data in the DB,
* saves information in the cookie, etc.
*
* We try to include as little files as possible (no dependency on 3rd party modules).
*
* @package Piwik
* @subpackage Tracker
*/
class Tracker
{
protected $stateValid = self::STATE_NOTHING_TO_NOTICE;
/**
* @var Db
*/
protected static $db = null;
const STATE_NOTHING_TO_NOTICE = 1;
const STATE_LOGGING_DISABLE = 10;
const STATE_EMPTY_REQUEST = 11;
const STATE_NOSCRIPT_REQUEST = 13;
// We use hex ID that are 16 chars in length, ie. 64 bits IDs
const LENGTH_HEX_ID_STRING = 16;
const LENGTH_BINARY_ID = 8;
// These are also hardcoded in the Javascript
const MAX_CUSTOM_VARIABLES = 5;
const MAX_LENGTH_CUSTOM_VARIABLE = 200;
static protected $forcedDateTime = null;
static protected $forcedIpString = null;
static protected $forcedVisitorId = null;
static protected $pluginsNotToLoad = array();
static protected $pluginsToLoad = array();
/**
* The set of visits to track.
*
* @var array
*/
private $requests = array();
/**
* The token auth supplied with a bulk visits POST.
*
* @var string
*/
private $tokenAuth = null;
/**
* Whether we're currently using bulk tracking or not.
*
* @var bool
*/
private $usingBulkTracking = false;
/**
* The number of requests that have been successfully logged.
*
* @var int
*/
private $countOfLoggedRequests = 0;
public function clear()
{
self::$forcedIpString = null;
self::$forcedDateTime = null;
self::$forcedVisitorId = null;
$this->stateValid = self::STATE_NOTHING_TO_NOTICE;
}
public static function setForceIp($ipString)
{
self::$forcedIpString = $ipString;
}
public static function setForceDateTime($dateTime)
{
self::$forcedDateTime = $dateTime;
}
public static function setForceVisitorId($visitorId)
{
self::$forcedVisitorId = $visitorId;
}
/**
* Do not load the specified plugins (used during testing, to disable Provider plugin)
* @param array $plugins
*/
static public function setPluginsNotToLoad($plugins)
{
self::$pluginsNotToLoad = $plugins;
}
/**
* Get list of plugins to not load
*
* @return array
*/
static public function getPluginsNotToLoad()
{
return self::$pluginsNotToLoad;
}
/**
* @return array
*/
static public function getPluginsToLoad()
{
return self::$pluginsToLoad;
}
/**
* @param array $plugins
*/
static public function setPluginsToLoad($plugins)
{
self::$pluginsToLoad = $plugins;
}
/**
* Update Tracker config
*
* @param string $name Setting name
* @param mixed $value Value
*/
static private function updateTrackerConfig($name, $value)
{
$section = Config::getInstance()->Tracker;
$section[$name] = $value;
Config::getInstance()->Tracker = $section;
}
protected function initRequests($args)
{
$rawData = file_get_contents("php://input");
if (!empty($rawData)) {
$this->usingBulkTracking = strpos($rawData, '"requests"') || strpos($rawData, "'requests'");
if ($this->usingBulkTracking) {
return $this->initBulkTrackingRequests($rawData);
}
}
// Not using bulk tracking
$this->requests = $args ? $args : (!empty($_GET) || !empty($_POST) ? array($_GET + $_POST) : array());
}
private function initBulkTrackingRequests($rawData)
{
// POST data can be array of string URLs or array of arrays w/ visit info
$jsonData = Common::json_decode($rawData, $assoc = true);
if (isset($jsonData['requests'])) {
$this->requests = $jsonData['requests'];
}
$tokenAuth = Common::getRequestVar('token_auth', false, null, $jsonData);
if (empty($tokenAuth)) {
throw new Exception("token_auth must be specified when using Bulk Tracking Import. See <a href='http://piwik.org/docs/tracking-api/reference/'>Tracking Doc</a>");
}
if (!empty($this->requests)) {
$idSitesForAuthentication = array();
foreach ($this->requests as &$request) {
// if a string is sent, we assume its a URL and try to parse it
if (is_string($request)) {
$params = array();
$url = @parse_url($request);
if (!empty($url)) {
@parse_str($url['query'], $params);
$request = $params;
}
}
// We need to check access for each single request
if (isset($request['idsite']) && !in_array($request['idsite'], $idSitesForAuthentication)) {
$idSitesForAuthentication[] = $request['idsite'];
}
}
foreach($idSitesForAuthentication as $idSiteForAuthentication) {
// a Bulk Tracking request that is not authenticated should fail
if (!Request::authenticateSuperUserOrAdmin($tokenAuth, $idSiteForAuthentication)) {
throw new Exception("token_auth specified is not valid for site " . intval($idSiteForAuthentication));
}
}
}
return $tokenAuth;
}
/**
* Main - tracks the visit/action
*
* @param array $args Optional Request Array
*/
public function main($args = null)
{
try {
$tokenAuth = $this->initRequests($args);
} catch (Exception $ex) {
$this->exitWithException($ex, true);
}
if (!empty($this->requests)) {
foreach ($this->requests as $params) {
$request = new Request($params, $tokenAuth);
$isAuthenticated = $request->isAuthenticated();
$this->init($request);
try {
if ($this->isVisitValid()) {
self::connectDatabaseIfNotConnected();
$visit = $this->getNewVisitObject();
$request->setForcedVisitorId(self::$forcedVisitorId);
$request->setForceDateTime(self::$forcedDateTime);
$request->setForceIp(self::$forcedIpString);
$visit->setRequest($request);
$visit->handle();
unset($visit);
} else {
Common::printDebug("The request is invalid: empty request, or maybe tracking is disabled in the config.ini.php via record_statistics=0");
}
} catch (DbException $e) {
Common::printDebug("<b>" . $e->getMessage() . "</b>");
$this->exitWithException($e, $isAuthenticated);
} catch (Exception $e) {
$this->exitWithException($e, $isAuthenticated);
}
$this->clear();
// increment successfully logged request count. make sure to do this after try-catch,
// since an excluded visit is considered 'successfully logged'
++$this->countOfLoggedRequests;
}
// run scheduled task
try {
if (!$isAuthenticated // Do not run schedule task if we are importing logs or doing custom tracking (as it could slow down)
&& $this->shouldRunScheduledTasks()
) {
self::runScheduledTasks();
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
$this->exitWithException($e);
}
} else {
$this->handleEmptyRequest(new Request($_GET + $_POST));
}
$this->end();
}
protected function shouldRunScheduledTasks()
{
// don't run scheduled tasks in CLI mode from Tracker, this is the case
// where we bulk load logs & don't want to lose time with tasks
return !Common::isPhpCliMode()
&& $this->getState() != self::STATE_LOGGING_DISABLE;
}
/**
* Tracker requests will automatically trigger the Scheduled tasks.
* This is useful for users who don't setup the cron,
* but still want daily/weekly/monthly PDF reports emailed automatically.
*
* This is similar to calling the API CoreAdminHome.runScheduledTasks (see misc/cron/archive.php)
*/
protected static function runScheduledTasks()
{
$now = time();
// Currently, there are no hourly tasks. When there are some,
// this could be too aggressive minimum interval (some hours would be skipped in case of low traffic)
$minimumInterval = Config::getInstance()->Tracker['scheduled_tasks_min_interval'];
// If the user disabled browser archiving, he has already setup a cron
// To avoid parallel requests triggering the Scheduled Tasks,
// Get last time tasks started executing
$cache = Cache::getCacheGeneral();
if ($minimumInterval <= 0
|| empty($cache['isBrowserTriggerArchivingEnabled'])
) {
Common::printDebug("-> Scheduled tasks not running in Tracker: Browser archiving is disabled.");
return;
}
$nextRunTime = $cache['lastTrackerCronRun'] + $minimumInterval;
if ((isset($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG_FORCE_SCHEDULED_TASKS']) && $GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG_FORCE_SCHEDULED_TASKS'])
|| $cache['lastTrackerCronRun'] === false
|| $nextRunTime < $now
) {
$cache['lastTrackerCronRun'] = $now;
Cache::setCacheGeneral($cache);
self::initCorePiwikInTrackerMode();
Piwik_SetOption('lastTrackerCronRun', $cache['lastTrackerCronRun']);
Common::printDebug('-> Scheduled Tasks: Starting...');
// save current user privilege and temporarily assume super user privilege
$isSuperUser = Piwik::isUserIsSuperUser();
// Scheduled tasks assume Super User is running
Piwik::setUserIsSuperUser();
// While each plugins should ensure that necessary languages are loaded,
// we ensure English translations at least are loaded
Translate::getInstance()->loadEnglishTranslation();
$resultTasks = TaskScheduler::runTasks();
// restore original user privilege
Piwik::setUserIsSuperUser($isSuperUser);
Common::printDebug($resultTasks);
Common::printDebug('Finished Scheduled Tasks.');
} else {
Common::printDebug("-> Scheduled tasks not triggered.");
}
Common::printDebug("Next run will be from: " . date('Y-m-d H:i:s', $nextRunTime) . ' UTC');
}
static public $initTrackerMode = false;
/**
* Used to initialize core Piwik components on a piwik.php request
* Eg. when cache is missed and we will be calling some APIs to generate cache
*/
static public function initCorePiwikInTrackerMode()
{
if (!empty($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_MODE'])
&& self::$initTrackerMode === false
) {
self::$initTrackerMode = true;
require_once PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/core/Loader.php';
require_once PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/core/Option.php';
$access = Access::getInstance();
$config = Config::getInstance();
try {
$db = \Zend_Registry::get('db');
} catch (Exception $e) {
Piwik::createDatabaseObject();
}
$pluginsManager = PluginsManager::getInstance();
$pluginsToLoad = Config::getInstance()->Plugins['Plugins'];
$pluginsForcedNotToLoad = Tracker::getPluginsNotToLoad();
$pluginsToLoad = array_diff($pluginsToLoad, $pluginsForcedNotToLoad);
$pluginsToLoad = array_merge($pluginsToLoad, Tracker::getPluginsToLoad());
$pluginsManager->loadPlugins($pluginsToLoad);
}
}
/**
* Echos an error message & other information, then exits.
*
* @param Exception $e
* @param bool $authenticated
*/
protected function exitWithException($e, $authenticated = false)
{
if ($this->usingBulkTracking) {
// when doing bulk tracking we return JSON so the caller will know how many succeeded
$result = array('status' => 'error', 'statistics' => array(
'tracked' => $this->countOfLoggedRequests
));
// send error when in debug mode or when authenticated (which happens when doing log importing,
if ((isset($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) && $GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) || $authenticated) {
$result['message'] = $this->getMessageFromException($e);
}
$this->sendHeader('Content-Type: application/json');
echo Common::json_encode($result);
exit;
}
if (isset($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) && $GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) {
Common::sendHeader('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
$trailer = '<span style="color: #888888">Backtrace:<br /><pre>' . $e->getTraceAsString() . '</pre></span>';
$headerPage = file_get_contents(PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/plugins/Zeitgeist/templates/simpleLayoutHeader.tpl');
$footerPage = file_get_contents(PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/plugins/Zeitgeist/templates/simpleLayoutFooter.tpl');
$headerPage = str_replace('{$HTML_TITLE}', 'Piwik › Error', $headerPage);
echo $headerPage . '<p>' . $this->getMessageFromException($e) . '</p>' . $trailer . $footerPage;
} // If not debug, but running authenticated (eg. during log import) then we display raw errors
elseif ($authenticated) {
Common::sendHeader('Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8');
echo $this->getMessageFromException($e);
} else {
$this->outputTransparentGif();
}
exit;
}
/**
* Returns the date in the "Y-m-d H:i:s" PHP format
*
* @param int $timestamp
* @return string
*/
public static function getDatetimeFromTimestamp($timestamp)
{
return date("Y-m-d H:i:s", $timestamp);
}
/**
* Initialization
*/
protected function init(Request $request)
{
$this->handleTrackingApi($request);
$this->loadTrackerPlugins($request);
$this->handleDisabledTracker();
$this->handleEmptyRequest($request);
Common::printDebug("Current datetime: " . date("Y-m-d H:i:s", $request->getCurrentTimestamp()));
}
/**
* Cleanup
*/
protected function end()
{
if($this->usingBulkTracking) {
$result = array('status' => 'success', 'statistics' => array(
'tracked' => $this->countOfLoggedRequests
));
$this->sendHeader('Content-Type: application/json');
echo Common::json_encode($result);
exit;
}
switch ($this->getState()) {
case self::STATE_LOGGING_DISABLE:
$this->outputTransparentGif();
Common::printDebug("Logging disabled, display transparent logo");
break;
case self::STATE_EMPTY_REQUEST:
Common::printDebug("Empty request => Piwik page");
echo "<a href='/'>Piwik</a> is a free open source web <a href='http://piwik.org'>analytics</a> that lets you keep control of your data.";
break;
case self::STATE_NOSCRIPT_REQUEST:
case self::STATE_NOTHING_TO_NOTICE:
default:
$this->outputTransparentGif();
Common::printDebug("Nothing to notice => default behaviour");
break;
}
Common::printDebug("End of the page.");
if ($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG'] === true) {
if (isset(self::$db)) {
self::$db->recordProfiling();
Piwik::printSqlProfilingReportTracker(self::$db);
}
}
self::disconnectDatabase();
}
/**
* Factory to create database objects
*
* @param array $configDb Database configuration
* @throws Exception
* @return \Piwik\Tracker\Db\Mysqli|\Piwik\Tracker\Db\Pdo\Mysql
*/
public static function factory($configDb)
{
switch ($configDb['adapter']) {
case 'PDO\MYSQL':
case 'PDO_MYSQL': // old format pre Piwik 2
require_once PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/core/Tracker/Db/Pdo/Mysql.php';
return new Mysql($configDb);
case 'MYSQLI':
require_once PIWIK_INCLUDE_PATH . '/core/Tracker/Db/Mysqli.php';
return new Mysqli($configDb);
}
throw new Exception('Unsupported database adapter ' . $configDb['adapter']);
}
public static function connectPiwikTrackerDb()
{
$db = null;
$configDb = Config::getInstance()->database;
if (!isset($configDb['port'])) {
// before 0.2.4 there is no port specified in config file
$configDb['port'] = '3306';
}
Piwik_PostEvent('Tracker.getDatabaseConfig', array(&$configDb));
$db = Tracker::factory($configDb);
$db->connect();
return $db;
}
public static function connectDatabaseIfNotConnected()
{
if (!is_null(self::$db)) {
return;
}
try {
$db = null;
Piwik_PostEvent('Tracker.createDatabase', array(&$db));
if (is_null($db)) {
$db = self::connectPiwikTrackerDb();
}
self::$db = $db;
} catch (Exception $e) {
throw new DbException($e->getMessage(), $e->getCode());
}
}
/**
* @return Db
*/
public static function getDatabase()
{
return self::$db;
}
public static function disconnectDatabase()
{
if (isset(self::$db)) {
self::$db->disconnect();
self::$db = null;
}
}
/**
* Returns the Tracker_Visit object.
* This method can be overwritten to use a different Tracker_Visit object
*
* @throws Exception
* @return \Piwik\Tracker\Visit
*/
protected function getNewVisitObject()
{
$visit = null;
Piwik_PostEvent('Tracker.getNewVisitObject', array(&$visit));
if (is_null($visit)) {
$visit = new Visit();
} elseif (!($visit instanceof VisitInterface)) {
throw new Exception("The Visit object set in the plugin must implement VisitInterface");
}
return $visit;
}
protected function outputTransparentGif()
{
if (!isset($GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) || !$GLOBALS['PIWIK_TRACKER_DEBUG']) {
$trans_gif_64 = "R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAAAAACH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAICRAEAOw==";
$this->sendHeader('Content-Type: image/gif');
$requestMethod = isset($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD']) ? $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] : 'GET';
if ($requestMethod !== 'GET') {
$origin = isset($_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN']) ? $_SERVER['HTTP_ORIGIN'] : '*';
$this->sendHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Origin: ' . $origin);
$this->sendHeader('Access-Control-Allow-Credentials: true');
}
print(base64_decode($trans_gif_64));
}
}
protected function sendHeader($header)
{
Common::sendHeader($header);
}
protected function isVisitValid()
{
return $this->stateValid !== self::STATE_LOGGING_DISABLE
&& $this->stateValid !== self::STATE_EMPTY_REQUEST;
}
protected function getState()
{
return $this->stateValid;
}
protected function setState($value)
{
$this->stateValid = $value;
}
protected function loadTrackerPlugins(Request $request)
{
// Adding &dp=1 will disable the provider plugin, if token_auth is used (used to speed up bulk imports)
$disableProvider = $request->getParam('dp');
if (!empty($disableProvider) && $request->isAuthenticated()) {
Tracker::setPluginsNotToLoad(array('Provider'));
}
try {
$pluginsTracker = Config::getInstance()->Plugins_Tracker['Plugins_Tracker'];
if (count($pluginsTracker) > 0) {
$pluginsTracker = array_diff($pluginsTracker, self::getPluginsNotToLoad());
PluginsManager::getInstance()->doNotLoadAlwaysActivatedPlugins();
PluginsManager::getInstance()->loadPlugins($pluginsTracker);
Common::printDebug("Loading plugins: { " . implode(",", $pluginsTracker) . " }");
}
} catch (Exception $e) {
Common::printDebug("ERROR: " . $e->getMessage());
}
}
protected function handleEmptyRequest(Request $request)
{
$countParameters = $request->getParamsCount();
if ($countParameters == 0) {
$this->setState(self::STATE_EMPTY_REQUEST);
}
if ($countParameters == 1) {
$this->setState(self::STATE_NOSCRIPT_REQUEST);
}
}
protected function handleDisabledTracker()
{
$saveStats = Config::getInstance()->Tracker['record_statistics'];
if ($saveStats == 0) {
$this->setState(self::STATE_LOGGING_DISABLE);
}
}
protected function getTokenAuth()
{
if (!is_null($this->tokenAuth)) {
return $this->tokenAuth;
}
return Common::getRequestVar('token_auth', false);
}
/**
* This method allows to set custom IP + server time + visitor ID, when using Tracking API.
* These two attributes can be only set by the Super User (passing token_auth).
*/
protected function handleTrackingApi(Request $request)
{
if (!$request->isAuthenticated()) {
return;
}
// Custom IP to use for this visitor
$customIp = $request->getParam('cip');
if (!empty($customIp)) {
$this->setForceIp($customIp);
}
// Custom server date time to use
$customDatetime = $request->getParam('cdt');
if (!empty($customDatetime)) {
$this->setForceDateTime($customDatetime);
}
// Forced Visitor ID to record the visit / action
$customVisitorId = $request->getParam('cid');
if (!empty($customVisitorId)) {
$this->setForceVisitorId($customVisitorId);
}
}
public static function setTestEnvironment($args = null, $requestMethod = null)
{
if (is_null($args)) {
$args = $_GET + $_POST;
}
if (is_null($requestMethod)) {
$requestMethod = $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'];
}
// Do not run scheduled tasks during tests
self::updateTrackerConfig('scheduled_tasks_min_interval', 0);
// if nothing found in _GET/_POST and we're doing a POST, assume bulk request. in which case,
// we have to bypass authentication
if (empty($args) && $requestMethod == 'POST') {
self::updateTrackerConfig('tracking_requests_require_authentication', 0);
}
// Tests can force the use of 3rd party cookie for ID visitor
if (Common::getRequestVar('forceUseThirdPartyCookie', false, null, $args) == 1) {
self::updateTrackerConfig('use_third_party_id_cookie', 1);
}
// Tests using window_look_back_for_visitor
if (Common::getRequestVar('forceLargeWindowLookBackForVisitor', false, null, $args) == 1) {
self::updateTrackerConfig('window_look_back_for_visitor', 2678400);
}
// Tests can force the enabling of IP anonymization
$forceIpAnonymization = false;
if (Common::getRequestVar('forceIpAnonymization', false, null, $args) == 1) {
self::updateTrackerConfig('ip_address_mask_length', 2);
$section = Config::getInstance()->Plugins_Tracker;
$section['Plugins_Tracker'][] = "AnonymizeIP";
Config::getInstance()->Plugins_Tracker = $section;
$forceIpAnonymization = true;
}
// Custom IP to use for this visitor
$customIp = Common::getRequestVar('cip', false, null, $args);
if (!empty($customIp)) {
self::setForceIp($customIp);
}
// Custom server date time to use
$customDatetime = Common::getRequestVar('cdt', false, null, $args);
if (!empty($customDatetime)) {
self::setForceDateTime($customDatetime);
}
// Custom visitor id
$customVisitorId = Common::getRequestVar('cid', false, null, $args);
if (!empty($customVisitorId)) {
self::setForceVisitorId($customVisitorId);
}
$pluginsDisabled = array('Provider');
if (!$forceIpAnonymization) {
$pluginsDisabled[] = 'AnonymizeIP';
}
// Disable provider plugin, because it is so slow to do many reverse ip lookups
self::setPluginsNotToLoad($pluginsDisabled);
// we load 'DevicesDetection' in tests only (disabled by default)
self::setPluginsToLoad(array('DevicesDetection'));
}
/**
* Gets the error message to output when a tracking request fails.
*
* @param Exception $e
* @return string
*/
private function getMessageFromException($e)
{
// Note: duplicated from FormDatabaseSetup.isAccessDenied
// Avoid leaking the username/db name when access denied
if ($e->getCode() == 1044 || $e->getCode() == 42000) {
return "Error while connecting to the Piwik database - please check your credentials in config/config.ini.php file";
} else {
return $e->getMessage();
}
}
}
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