path: root/runtime/compiler.cs

/*
  Copyright (C) 2002, 2003, 2004 Jeroen Frijters

  This software is provided 'as-is', without any express or implied
  warranty.  In no event will the authors be held liable for any damages
  arising from the use of this software.

  Permission is granted to anyone to use this software for any purpose,
  including commercial applications, and to alter it and redistribute it
  freely, subject to the following restrictions:

  1. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented; you must not
     claim that you wrote the original software. If you use this software
     in a product, an acknowledgment in the product documentation would be
     appreciated but is not required.
  2. Altered source versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be
     misrepresented as being the original software.
  3. This notice may not be removed or altered from any source distribution.

  Jeroen Frijters
  jeroen@frijters.net
  
*/
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Reflection.Emit;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.SymbolStore;
using ExceptionTableEntry = ClassFile.Method.ExceptionTableEntry;
using LocalVariableTableEntry = ClassFile.Method.LocalVariableTableEntry;
using Instruction = ClassFile.Method.Instruction;

class Compiler
{
	private static MethodWrapper mapExceptionMethod;
	private static MethodWrapper mapExceptionFastMethod;
	private static MethodWrapper fillInStackTraceMethod;
	private static MethodInfo getTypeFromHandleMethod;
	private static MethodInfo getClassFromTypeMethod;
	private static MethodInfo multiANewArrayMethod;
	private static MethodInfo monitorEnterMethod;
	private static MethodInfo monitorExitMethod;
	private static MethodInfo objectToStringMethod;
	private static MethodInfo f2iMethod;
	private static MethodInfo d2iMethod;
	private static MethodInfo f2lMethod;
	private static MethodInfo d2lMethod;
	private static MethodInfo arraycopy_primitive_8Method;
	private static MethodInfo arraycopy_primitive_4Method;
	private static MethodInfo arraycopy_primitive_2Method;
	private static MethodInfo arraycopy_primitive_1Method;
	private static MethodInfo arraycopyMethod;
	private static TypeWrapper java_lang_Object;
	private static TypeWrapper java_lang_Class;
	private static TypeWrapper java_lang_Throwable;
	private static TypeWrapper java_lang_ThreadDeath;
	private TypeWrapper clazz;
	private MethodWrapper mw;
	private ClassFile classFile;
	private ClassFile.Method m;
	private ILGenerator ilGenerator;
	private ClassLoaderWrapper classLoader;
	private MethodAnalyzer ma;
	private ExceptionTableEntry[] exceptions;
	private ISymbolDocumentWriter symboldocument;

	static Compiler()
	{
		getTypeFromHandleMethod = typeof(Type).GetMethod("GetTypeFromHandle");
		getClassFromTypeMethod = typeof(NativeCode.java.lang.VMClass).GetMethod("getClassFromType");
		multiANewArrayMethod = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("multianewarray");
		monitorEnterMethod = typeof(System.Threading.Monitor).GetMethod("Enter");
		monitorExitMethod = typeof(System.Threading.Monitor).GetMethod("Exit");
		objectToStringMethod = typeof(object).GetMethod("ToString");
		f2iMethod = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("f2i");
		d2iMethod = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("d2i");
		f2lMethod = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("f2l");
		d2lMethod = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("d2l");
		arraycopy_primitive_8Method = typeof(NativeCode.java.lang.VMSystem).GetMethod("arraycopy_primitive_8");
		arraycopy_primitive_4Method = typeof(NativeCode.java.lang.VMSystem).GetMethod("arraycopy_primitive_4");
		arraycopy_primitive_2Method = typeof(NativeCode.java.lang.VMSystem).GetMethod("arraycopy_primitive_2");
		arraycopy_primitive_1Method = typeof(NativeCode.java.lang.VMSystem).GetMethod("arraycopy_primitive_1");
		arraycopyMethod = typeof(NativeCode.java.lang.VMSystem).GetMethod("arraycopy");
		TypeWrapper exceptionHelper = ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.ExceptionHelper");
		mapExceptionMethod = exceptionHelper.GetMethodWrapper(new MethodDescriptor("MapException", "(Ljava.lang.Throwable;Lcli.System.Type;)Ljava.lang.Throwable;"), false);
		mapExceptionMethod.Link();
		mapExceptionFastMethod = exceptionHelper.GetMethodWrapper(new MethodDescriptor("MapExceptionFast", "(Ljava.lang.Throwable;)Ljava.lang.Throwable;"), false);
		mapExceptionFastMethod.Link();
		fillInStackTraceMethod = exceptionHelper.GetMethodWrapper(new MethodDescriptor("fillInStackTrace", "(Ljava.lang.Throwable;)Ljava.lang.Throwable;"), false);
		fillInStackTraceMethod.Link();
		java_lang_Throwable = CoreClasses.java.lang.Throwable.Wrapper;
		java_lang_Object = CoreClasses.java.lang.Object.Wrapper;
		java_lang_Class = CoreClasses.java.lang.Class.Wrapper;
		java_lang_ThreadDeath = ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.ThreadDeath");
	}

	private class ExceptionSorter : IComparer
	{
		public int Compare(object x, object y)
		{
			ExceptionTableEntry e1 = (ExceptionTableEntry)x;
			ExceptionTableEntry e2 = (ExceptionTableEntry)y;
			if(e1.start_pc < e2.start_pc)
			{
				return -1;
			}
			if(e1.start_pc == e2.start_pc)
			{
				if(e1.end_pc == e2.end_pc)
				{
					if(e1.ordinal > e2.ordinal)
					{
						return -1;
					}
					return 1;
				}
				if(e1.end_pc > e2.end_pc)
				{
					return -1;
				}
			}
			return 1;
		}
	}

	private Compiler(TypeWrapper clazz, MethodWrapper mw, ClassFile classFile, ClassFile.Method m, ILGenerator ilGenerator, ClassLoaderWrapper classLoader, ISymbolDocumentWriter symboldocument)
	{
		this.clazz = clazz;
		this.mw = mw;
		this.classFile = classFile;
		this.m = m;
		this.ilGenerator = ilGenerator;
		this.classLoader = classLoader;
		this.symboldocument = symboldocument;

		Profiler.Enter("MethodAnalyzer");
		try
		{
			ma = new MethodAnalyzer(clazz, mw, classFile, m, classLoader);
		}
		finally
		{
			Profiler.Leave("MethodAnalyzer");
		}

		TypeWrapper[] args = mw.GetParameters();
		LocalVar[] locals = ma.GetAllLocalVars();
		foreach(LocalVar v in locals)
		{
			if(v.isArg)
			{
				int arg = m.ArgMap[v.local];
				TypeWrapper tw;
				if(m.IsStatic)
				{
					tw = args[arg];
				}
				else if(arg == 0)
				{
					tw = clazz;
				}
				else
				{
					tw = args[arg - 1];
				}
				if(v.type != VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis &&
					(v.type != tw || tw.TypeAsLocalOrStackType != tw.TypeAsParameterType))
				{
					v.builder = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(v.type.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
					if(JVM.Debug && v.name != null)
					{
						v.builder.SetLocalSymInfo(v.name);
					}
					v.isArg = false;
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte)arg);
					v.type.EmitConvParameterToStackType(ilGenerator);
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, v.builder);
				}
			}
		}

		// NOTE we're going to be messing with ExceptionTableEntrys that are owned by the Method, this is very bad practice,
		// this code should probably be changed to use our own ETE class (which should also contain the ordinal, instead
		// of the one in ClassFile.cs)

		ArrayList ar = new ArrayList(m.ExceptionTable);
		restart:
			for(int i = 0; i < ar.Count; i++)
			{
				ExceptionTableEntry ei = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[i];
				for(int j = 0; j < ar.Count; j++)
				{
					ExceptionTableEntry ej = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[j];
					if(ei.start_pc <= ej.start_pc && ej.start_pc < ei.end_pc)
					{
						// 0006/test.j
						if(ej.end_pc > ei.end_pc)
						{
							ExceptionTableEntry emi = new ExceptionTableEntry();
							emi.start_pc = ej.start_pc;
							emi.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
							emi.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
							emi.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
							ExceptionTableEntry emj = new ExceptionTableEntry();
							emj.start_pc = ej.start_pc;
							emj.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
							emj.catch_type = ej.catch_type;
							emj.handler_pc = ej.handler_pc;
							ei.end_pc = emi.start_pc;
							ej.start_pc = emj.end_pc;
							ar.Insert(j, emj);
							ar.Insert(i + 1, emi);
							goto restart;
						}
						// 0007/test.j
						else if(j > i && ej.end_pc < ei.end_pc)
						{
							ExceptionTableEntry emi = new ExceptionTableEntry();
							emi.start_pc = ej.start_pc;
							emi.end_pc = ej.end_pc;
							emi.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
							emi.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
							ExceptionTableEntry eei = new ExceptionTableEntry();
							eei.start_pc = ej.end_pc;
							eei.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
							eei.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
							eei.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
							ei.end_pc = emi.start_pc;
							ar.Insert(i + 1, eei);
							ar.Insert(i + 1, emi);
							goto restart;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		// __jsr inside a try block (to a PC outside the try block) causes the try
		// block to be broken into two blocks surrounding the __jsr
		// This is actually pretty common. Take, for example, the following code:
		//	class hello
		//	{
		//		public static void main(String[] args)
		//		{
		//			try
		//			{
		//				for(;;)
		//				{
		//					if(args.length == 0) return;
		//				}
		//			}
		//			finally
		//			{
		//				System.out.println("Hello, world!");
		//			}
		//		}
		//	}
		restart_jsr:
			for(int i = 0; i < ar.Count; i++)
			{
				ExceptionTableEntry ei = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[i];
				for(int j = FindPcIndex(ei.start_pc), e = FindPcIndex(ei.end_pc); j < e; j++)
				{
					if(m.Instructions[j].NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__jsr)
					{
						int targetPC = m.Instructions[j].NormalizedArg1 + m.Instructions[j].PC;
						if(targetPC < ei.start_pc || targetPC >= ei.end_pc)
						{
							ExceptionTableEntry en = new ExceptionTableEntry();
							en.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
							en.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
							en.start_pc = (ushort)m.Instructions[j + 1].PC;
							en.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
							ei.end_pc = (ushort)m.Instructions[j].PC;
							ar.Insert(i + 1, en);
							goto restart_jsr;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		// Split try blocks at branch targets (branches from outside the try block)
		for(int i = 0; i < ar.Count; i++)
		{
			ExceptionTableEntry ei = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[i];
			int start = FindPcIndex(ei.start_pc);
			int end = FindPcIndex(ei.end_pc);
			for(int j = 0; j < m.Instructions.Length; j++)
			{
				if(j < start || j >= end)
				{
					switch(m.Instructions[j].NormalizedOpCode)
					{
						case NormalizedByteCode.__lookupswitch:
							// start at -1 to have an opportunity to handle the default offset
							for(int k = -1; k < m.Instructions[j].SwitchEntryCount; k++)
							{
								int targetPC = m.Instructions[j].PC + (k == -1 ? m.Instructions[j].DefaultOffset : m.Instructions[j].GetSwitchTargetOffset(k));
								if(ei.start_pc < targetPC && targetPC < ei.end_pc)
								{
									ExceptionTableEntry en = new ExceptionTableEntry();
									en.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
									en.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
									en.start_pc = (ushort)targetPC;
									en.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
									ei.end_pc = (ushort)targetPC;
									ar.Insert(i + 1, en);
									goto restart_jsr;
								}
							}
							break;
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifeq:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifne:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__iflt:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifge:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifgt:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifle:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpeq:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpne:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmplt:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpge:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpgt:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmple:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_acmpeq:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__if_acmpne:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifnull:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__ifnonnull:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__goto:
						case NormalizedByteCode.__jsr:
						{
							int targetPC = m.Instructions[j].PC + m.Instructions[j].Arg1;
							if(ei.start_pc < targetPC && targetPC < ei.end_pc)
							{
								ExceptionTableEntry en = new ExceptionTableEntry();
								en.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
								en.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
								en.start_pc = (ushort)targetPC;
								en.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
								ei.end_pc = (ushort)targetPC;
								ar.Insert(i + 1, en);
								goto restart_jsr;
							}
							break;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		// exception handlers are also a kind of jump, so we need to split try blocks around handlers as well
		for(int i = 0; i < ar.Count; i++)
		{
			ExceptionTableEntry ei = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[i];
			for(int j = 0; j < ar.Count; j++)
			{
				ExceptionTableEntry ej = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[j];
				if(ei.start_pc < ej.handler_pc && ej.handler_pc < ei.end_pc)
				{
					ExceptionTableEntry en = new ExceptionTableEntry();
					en.catch_type = ei.catch_type;
					en.handler_pc = ei.handler_pc;
					en.start_pc = ej.handler_pc;
					en.end_pc = ei.end_pc;
					ei.end_pc = ej.handler_pc;
					ar.Insert(i + 1, en);
					goto restart_jsr;
				}
			}
		}
		// filter out zero length try blocks
		for(int i = 0; i < ar.Count; i++)
		{
			ExceptionTableEntry ei = (ExceptionTableEntry)ar[i];
			if(ei.start_pc == ei.end_pc)
			{
				ar.RemoveAt(i);
				i--;
			}
			else
			{
				// exception blocks that only contain harmless instructions (i.e. instructions that will *never* throw an exception)
				// are also filtered out (to improve the quality of the generated code)
				// NOTE we don't remove exception handlers that could catch ThreadDeath, because that can be thrown
				// asynchronously (and thus appear on any instruction). This is particularly important to ensure that
				// we run finally blocks when a thread is killed.
				if(ei.catch_type != 0)
				{
					TypeWrapper exceptionType = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(ei.catch_type);
					if(!exceptionType.IsUnloadable && !java_lang_ThreadDeath.IsAssignableTo(exceptionType))
					{
						int start = FindPcIndex(ei.start_pc);
						int end = FindPcIndex(ei.end_pc);
						for(int j = start; j < end; j++)
						{
							if(ByteCodeMetaData.CanThrowException(m.Instructions[j].OpCode))
							{
								goto next;
							}
						}
						ar.RemoveAt(i);
						i--;
					}
				}
			}
		next:;
		}
		//		Console.WriteLine("after processing:");
		//		foreach(ExceptionTableEntry e in ar)
		//		{
		//			Console.WriteLine("{0} to {1} handler {2}", e.start_pc, e.end_pc, e.handler_pc);
		//		}

		exceptions = new ExceptionTableEntry[ar.Count];
		ar.CopyTo(exceptions, 0);
		for(int i = 0; i < exceptions.Length; i++)
		{
			exceptions[i].ordinal = i;
		}
		Array.Sort(exceptions, new ExceptionSorter());

		// TODO remove these checks, if the above exception untangling is correct, this shouldn't ever
		// be triggered
		for(int i = 0; i < exceptions.Length; i++)
		{
			for(int j = i + 1; j < exceptions.Length; j++)
			{
				// check for partially overlapping try blocks (which is legal for the JVM, but not the CLR)
				if(exceptions[i].start_pc < exceptions[j].start_pc && 
					exceptions[j].start_pc < exceptions[i].end_pc &&
					exceptions[i].end_pc < exceptions[j].end_pc)
				{
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Partially overlapping try blocks is broken");
				}
				// check that we didn't destroy the ordering, when sorting
				if(exceptions[i].start_pc <= exceptions[j].start_pc &&
					exceptions[i].end_pc >= exceptions[j].end_pc &&
					exceptions[i].ordinal < exceptions[j].ordinal)
				{
					throw new InvalidOperationException("Non recursive try blocks is broken");
				}
			}
			// make sure __jsr doesn't jump out of try block
			for(int j = FindPcIndex(exceptions[i].start_pc), e = FindPcIndex(exceptions[i].end_pc); j < e; j++)
			{
				if(m.Instructions[j].NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__jsr)
				{
					int targetPC = m.Instructions[j].NormalizedArg1 + m.Instructions[j].PC;
					if(targetPC < exceptions[i].start_pc || targetPC >= exceptions[i].end_pc)
					{
						throw new InvalidOperationException("Try block splitting around __jsr is broken");
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	private class EmitException : ApplicationException
	{
		private TypeWrapper type;

		internal EmitException(string message, TypeWrapper type)
			: base(message)
		{
			this.type = type;
		}

		internal void Emit(ILGenerator ilgen, ClassFile classFile, ClassFile.Method m)
		{
			Tracer.Warning(Tracer.Compiler, "{0}: {1}\n\tat {2}.{3}{4}", type.Name, Message, classFile.Name, m.Name, m.Signature);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, Message);
			MethodWrapper method = type.GetMethodWrapper(new MethodDescriptor("<init>", "(Ljava.lang.String;)V"), false);
			method.Link();
			method.EmitNewobj(ilgen);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Throw);
		}
	}

	private sealed class IllegalAccessError : EmitException
	{
		internal IllegalAccessError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.IllegalAccessError"))
		{
		}
	}

	private sealed class InstantiationError : EmitException
	{
		internal InstantiationError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.InstantiationError"))
		{
		}
	}

	private sealed class IncompatibleClassChangeError : EmitException
	{
		internal IncompatibleClassChangeError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError"))
		{
		}
	}

	private sealed class NoSuchFieldError : EmitException
	{
		internal NoSuchFieldError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.NoSuchFieldError"))
		{
		}
	}

	private sealed class AbstractMethodError : EmitException
	{
		internal AbstractMethodError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.AbstractMethodError"))
		{
		}
	}
	
	private sealed class NoSuchMethodError : EmitException
	{
		internal NoSuchMethodError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.NoSuchMethodError"))
		{
		}
	}

	private sealed class LinkageError : EmitException
	{
		internal LinkageError(string message)
			: base(message, ClassLoaderWrapper.LoadClassCritical("java.lang.LinkageError"))
		{
		}
	}

	private sealed class ReturnCookie
	{
		private Label stub;
		private LocalBuilder local;

		internal ReturnCookie(Label stub, LocalBuilder local)
		{
			this.stub = stub;
			this.local = local;
		}

		internal void EmitRet(ILGenerator ilgen)
		{
			ilgen.MarkLabel(stub);
			if(local != null)
			{
				ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, local);
			}
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
		}
	}

	private sealed class BranchCookie
	{
		// NOTE Stub gets used for both the push stub (inside the exception block) as well as the pop stub (outside the block)
		internal Label Stub;
		internal Label TargetLabel;
		internal bool ContentOnStack;
		internal readonly int TargetPC;
		internal DupHelper dh;

		internal BranchCookie(ILGenerator ilgen, int stackHeight, int targetPC)
		{
			this.Stub = ilgen.DefineLabel();
			this.TargetPC = targetPC;
			this.dh = new DupHelper(ilgen, stackHeight);
		}

		internal BranchCookie(Label label, int targetPC)
		{
			this.Stub = label;
			this.TargetPC = targetPC;
		}
	}

	private struct DupHelper
	{
		private enum StackType : byte
		{
			Null,
			New,
			UnitializedThis,
			Other
		}
		private ILGenerator ilgen;
		private StackType[] types;
		private LocalBuilder[] locals;

		internal DupHelper(ILGenerator ilgen, int count)
		{
			this.ilgen = ilgen;
			types = new StackType[count];
			locals = new LocalBuilder[count];
		}

		internal int Count
		{
			get
			{
				return types.Length;
			}
		}

		internal void SetType(int i, TypeWrapper type)
		{
			if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
			{
				types[i] = StackType.Null;
			}
			else if(VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type))
			{
				// new objects aren't really there on the stack
				types[i] = StackType.New;
			}
			else if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis)
			{
				// uninitialized references cannot be stored in a local, but we can reload them
				types[i] = StackType.UnitializedThis;
			}
			else
			{
				types[i] = StackType.Other;
				locals[i] = ilgen.DeclareLocal(type.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
			}
		}

		internal void Load(int i)
		{
			switch(types[i])
			{
				case StackType.Null:
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
					break;
				case StackType.New:
					// new objects aren't really there on the stack
					break;
				case StackType.UnitializedThis:
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
					break;
				case StackType.Other:
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, locals[i]);
					break;
				default:
					throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}

		internal void Store(int i)
		{
			switch(types[i])
			{
				case StackType.Null:
				case StackType.UnitializedThis:
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
					break;
				case StackType.New:
					// new objects aren't really there on the stack
					break;
				case StackType.Other:
					ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, locals[i]);
					break;
				default:
					throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}
	}

	internal static void Compile(TypeWrapper clazz, MethodWrapper mw, ClassFile classFile, ClassFile.Method m, ILGenerator ilGenerator)
	{
		ClassLoaderWrapper classLoader = clazz.GetClassLoader();
		ISymbolDocumentWriter symboldocument = null;
		if(JVM.Debug)
		{
			string sourcefile = classFile.SourceFileAttribute;
			if(sourcefile != null)
			{
				if(JVM.SourcePath != null)
				{
					sourcefile = new System.IO.FileInfo(JVM.SourcePath + "/" + clazz.PackageName.Replace('.', '/') + "/" + sourcefile).FullName;
				}
				symboldocument = classLoader.ModuleBuilder.DefineDocument(sourcefile, SymLanguageType.Java, Guid.Empty, SymDocumentType.Text);
				// the very first instruction in the method must have an associated line number, to be able
				// to step into the method in Visual Studio .NET
				ClassFile.Method.LineNumberTableEntry[] table = m.LineNumberTableAttribute;
				if(table != null)
				{
					int firstPC = int.MaxValue;
					int firstLine = -1;
					for(int i = 0; i < table.Length; i++)
					{
						if(table[i].start_pc < firstPC && table[i].line_number != 0)
						{
							firstLine = table[i].line_number;
							firstPC = table[i].start_pc;
						}
					}
					if(firstLine > 0)
					{
						ilGenerator.MarkSequencePoint(symboldocument, firstLine, 0, firstLine + 1, 0);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		TypeWrapper[] args = mw.GetParameters();
		for(int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
		{
			if(args[i].IsUnloadable)
			{
				Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicCast");
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, (short)(i + (m.IsStatic ? 0 : 1)));
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, args[i].Name);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicCast"));
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
			}
		}
		Compiler c;
		try
		{
			Profiler.Enter("new Compiler");
			try
			{
				c = new Compiler(clazz, mw, classFile, m, ilGenerator, classLoader, symboldocument);
			}
			finally
			{
				Profiler.Leave("new Compiler");
			}
		}
		catch(VerifyError x)
		{
			// because in Java the method is only verified if it is actually called,
			// we generate code here to throw the VerificationError
			EmitHelper.Throw(ilGenerator, "java.lang.VerifyError", x.Message);
			return;
		}
		Profiler.Enter("Compile");
		try
		{
			if(m.IsStatic && m.IsSynchronized)
			{
				ArrayList exits = new ArrayList();
				// TODO consider caching the Class object in a static field
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getTypeFromHandleMethod);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getClassFromTypeMethod);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
				LocalBuilder monitor = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(object));
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, monitor);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitorEnterMethod);
				ilGenerator.BeginExceptionBlock();
				Block b = new Block(c, 0, int.MaxValue, -1, exits, true);
				c.Compile(b);
				b.Leave();
				ilGenerator.BeginFinallyBlock();
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, monitor);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitorExitMethod);
				ilGenerator.EndExceptionBlock();
				b.LeaveStubs(new Block(c, 0, int.MaxValue, -1, null, false));
			}
			else
			{
				Block b = new Block(c, 0, int.MaxValue, -1, null, false);
				c.Compile(b);
				b.Leave();
			}
			// HACK because of the bogus Leave instruction that Reflection.Emit generates, this location
			// sometimes appears reachable (it isn't), so we emit a bogus branch to keep the verifier happy.
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, (sbyte)-2);
		}
		finally
		{
			Profiler.Leave("Compile");
		}
	}

	private class Block
	{
		private Compiler compiler;
		private ILGenerator ilgen;
		private int begin;
		private int end;
		private int exceptionIndex;
		private ArrayList exits;
		private bool nested;
		private object[] labels;

		internal Block(Compiler compiler, int begin, int end, int exceptionIndex, ArrayList exits, bool nested)
		{
			this.compiler = compiler;
			this.ilgen = compiler.ilGenerator;
			this.begin = begin;
			this.end = end;
			this.exceptionIndex = exceptionIndex;
			this.exits = exits;
			this.nested = nested;
			labels = new object[compiler.m.Instructions.Length];
		}

		internal int End
		{
			get
			{
				return end;
			}
		}

		internal int ExceptionIndex
		{
			get
			{
				return exceptionIndex;
			}
		}

		internal void SetBackwardBranchLabel(int instructionIndex, BranchCookie bc)
		{
			// NOTE we're overwriting the label that is already there
			labels[instructionIndex] = bc.Stub;
			if(exits == null)
			{
				exits = new ArrayList();
			}
			exits.Add(bc);
		}

		internal Label GetLabel(int targetPC)
		{
			int targetIndex = compiler.FindPcIndex(targetPC);
			if(IsInRange(targetPC))
			{
				object l = labels[targetIndex];
				if(l == null)
				{
					l = ilgen.DefineLabel();
					labels[targetIndex] = l;
				}
				return (Label)l;
			}
			else
			{
				object l = labels[targetIndex];
				if(l == null)
				{
					// if we're branching out of the current exception block, we need to indirect this thru a stub
					// that saves the stack and uses leave to leave the exception block (to another stub that recovers
					// the stack)
					int stackHeight = compiler.ma.GetStackHeight(targetIndex);
					BranchCookie bc = new BranchCookie(ilgen, stackHeight, targetPC);
					bc.ContentOnStack = true;
					for(int i = 0; i < stackHeight; i++)
					{
						bc.dh.SetType(i, compiler.ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(targetIndex, i));
					}
					exits.Add(bc);
					l = bc;
					labels[targetIndex] = l;
				}
				return ((BranchCookie)l).Stub;
			}
		}

		internal bool HasLabel(int instructionIndex)
		{
			return labels[instructionIndex] != null;
		}

		internal void MarkLabel(int instructionIndex)
		{
			object label = labels[instructionIndex];
			if(label == null)
			{
				Label l = ilgen.DefineLabel();
				ilgen.MarkLabel(l);
				labels[instructionIndex] = l;
			}
			else
			{
				ilgen.MarkLabel((Label)label);
			}
		}

		internal bool IsInRange(int pc)
		{
			return begin <= pc && pc < end;
		}

		internal void Leave()
		{
			if(exits != null)
			{
				for(int i = 0; i < exits.Count; i++)
				{
					object exit = exits[i];
					BranchCookie bc = exit as BranchCookie;
					if(bc != null && bc.ContentOnStack)
					{
						bc.ContentOnStack = false;
						int stack = bc.dh.Count;
						// HACK this is unreachable code, but we make sure that
						// forward pass verification always yields a valid stack
						// (this is required for unreachable leave stubs that are
						// generated for unreachable code that follows an
						// embedded exception emitted by the compiler for invalid
						// code (e.g. NoSuchFieldError))
						for(int n = stack - 1; n >= 0; n--)
						{
							bc.dh.Load(n);
						}
						ilgen.MarkLabel(bc.Stub);
						for(int n = 0; n < stack; n++)
						{
							bc.dh.Store(n);
						}
						if(bc.TargetPC == -1)
						{
							ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Br, bc.TargetLabel);
						}
						else
						{
							bc.Stub = ilgen.DefineLabel();
							ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Leave, bc.Stub);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		internal void LeaveStubs(Block newBlock)
		{
			if(exits != null)
			{
				for(int i = 0; i < exits.Count; i++)
				{
					object exit = exits[i];
					ReturnCookie rc = exit as ReturnCookie;
					if(rc != null)
					{
						if(newBlock.exits == null)
						{
							rc.EmitRet(ilgen);
						}
						else
						{
							newBlock.exits.Add(rc);
						}
					}
					else
					{
						BranchCookie bc = exit as BranchCookie;
						if(bc != null && bc.TargetPC != -1)
						{
							Debug.Assert(!bc.ContentOnStack);
							// if the target is within the new block, we handle it, otherwise we
							// defer the cookie to our caller
							if(newBlock.IsInRange(bc.TargetPC))
							{
								bc.ContentOnStack = true;
								ilgen.MarkLabel(bc.Stub);
								int stack = bc.dh.Count;
								for(int n = stack - 1; n >= 0; n--)
								{
									bc.dh.Load(n);
								}
								ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Br, newBlock.GetLabel(bc.TargetPC));
							}
							else
							{
								newBlock.exits.Add(bc);
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		internal void AddExitHack(object bc)
		{
			exits.Add(bc);
		}

		internal bool IsNested
		{
			get
			{
				return nested;
			}
		}
	}

	private void CheckLoaderConstraints(ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemFieldref cpi, FieldWrapper fw)
	{
		if(cpi.GetFieldType() != fw.FieldTypeWrapper && !fw.FieldTypeWrapper.IsUnloadable)
		{
			throw new LinkageError("Loader constraints violated: " + fw.Name);
		}
	}

	private void CheckLoaderConstraints(ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi, MethodWrapper mw)
	{
		if(cpi.GetRetType() != mw.ReturnType && !mw.ReturnType.IsUnloadable)
		{
			throw new LinkageError("Loader constraints violated: " + mw.Name + mw.Signature);
		}
		TypeWrapper[] here = cpi.GetArgTypes();
		TypeWrapper[] there = mw.GetParameters();
		for(int i = 0; i < here.Length; i++)
		{
			if(here[i] != there[i] && !there[i].IsUnloadable)
			{
				throw new LinkageError("Loader constraints violated: " + mw.Name + mw.Signature);
			}
		}
	}

	private void Compile(Block block)
	{
		int[] scope = null;
		// if we're emitting debugging information, we need to use scopes for local variables
		if(JVM.Debug)
		{
			scope = new int[m.Instructions.Length];
			LocalVariableTableEntry[] lvt = m.LocalVariableTableAttribute;
			if(lvt != null)
			{
				for(int i = 0; i < lvt.Length; i++)
				{
					// TODO validate the contents of the LVT entry
					int index = FindPcIndex(lvt[i].start_pc);
					if(index > 0)
					{
						// NOTE javac (correctly) sets start_pc of the LVT entry to the instruction
						// following the store that first initializes the local, so we have to
						// detect that case and adjust our local scope (because we'll be creating
						// the local when we encounter the first store).
						LocalVar v = ma.GetLocalVar(index - 1);
						if(v != null && v.local == lvt[i].index)
						{
							index--;
						}
					}
					scope[index]++;
					int end = lvt[i].start_pc + lvt[i].length;
					if(end == m.Instructions[m.Instructions.Length - 1].PC)
					{
						scope[m.Instructions.Length - 1]--;
					}
					else
					{
						scope[FindPcIndex(end)]--;
					}
				}
			}
		}
		int exceptionIndex = 0;
		Instruction[] code = m.Instructions;
		Stack blockStack = new Stack();
		bool instructionIsForwardReachable = true;
		for(int i = 0; i < code.Length; i++)
		{
			Instruction instr = code[i];

			if(scope != null)
			{
				for(int j = scope[i]; j < 0; j++)
				{
					ilGenerator.EndScope();
				}
				for(int j = scope[i]; j > 0; j--)
				{
					ilGenerator.BeginScope();
				}
			}

			// if we've left the current exception block, do the exit processing
			while(block.End == instr.PC)
			{
				block.Leave();

				ExceptionTableEntry exc = exceptions[block.ExceptionIndex];

				Block prevBlock = block;
				block = (Block)blockStack.Pop();

				exceptionIndex = block.ExceptionIndex + 1;
				// skip over exception handlers that are no longer relevant
				for(; exceptionIndex < exceptions.Length && exceptions[exceptionIndex].end_pc <= instr.PC; exceptionIndex++)
				{
				}

				TypeWrapper exceptionTypeWrapper;
				if(exc.catch_type == 0)
				{
					exceptionTypeWrapper = java_lang_Throwable;
				}
				else
				{
					exceptionTypeWrapper = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(exc.catch_type);
				}
				Type excType = exceptionTypeWrapper.TypeAsExceptionType;
				bool mapSafe = !exceptionTypeWrapper.IsUnloadable && !exceptionTypeWrapper.IsMapUnsafeException;
				if(true)
				{
					if(mapSafe)
					{
						ilGenerator.BeginCatchBlock(excType);
					}
					else
					{
						ilGenerator.BeginCatchBlock(typeof(Exception));
					}
					BranchCookie bc = new BranchCookie(ilGenerator, 1, exc.handler_pc);
					prevBlock.AddExitHack(bc);
					int handlerIndex = FindPcIndex(exc.handler_pc);
					Instruction handlerInstr = code[handlerIndex];
					bool unusedException = handlerInstr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__pop ||
						(handlerInstr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__astore &&
						ma.GetLocalVar(handlerIndex) == null);
					// special case for catch(Throwable) (and finally), that produces less code and
					// should be faster
					if(mapSafe || excType == typeof(Exception))
					{
						if(unusedException)
						{
							// we must still have an item on the stack, even though it isn't used!
							bc.dh.SetType(0, VerifierTypeWrapper.Null);
						}
						else
						{
							if(mapSafe)
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
							}
							mapExceptionFastMethod.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
							if(mapSafe)
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
							}
							bc.dh.SetType(0, exceptionTypeWrapper);
							bc.dh.Store(0);
						}
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Leave, bc.Stub);
					}
					else
					{
						if(exceptionTypeWrapper.IsUnloadable)
						{
							Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicGetTypeAsExceptionType");
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, exceptionTypeWrapper.Name);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicGetTypeAsExceptionType"));
							mapExceptionMethod.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
						}
						else
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, excType);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getTypeFromHandleMethod);
							mapExceptionMethod.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, excType);
						}
						if(unusedException)
						{
							// we must still have an item on the stack, even though it isn't used!
							bc.dh.SetType(0, VerifierTypeWrapper.Null);
						}
						else
						{
							bc.dh.SetType(0, exceptionTypeWrapper);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
							bc.dh.Store(0);
						}
						Label rethrow = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Brfalse, rethrow);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Leave, bc.Stub);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(rethrow);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Rethrow);
					}
					ilGenerator.EndExceptionBlock();
				}
				prevBlock.LeaveStubs(block);
			}

			if(!ma.IsReachable(i))
			{
				// skip any unreachable instructions
				continue;
			}

			// if there was a forward branch to this instruction, it is forward reachable
			instructionIsForwardReachable |= block.HasLabel(i);

			// TODO for now, every instruction has an associated label, I'm not sure it's worthwhile,
			// but it could be optimized
			block.MarkLabel(i);

			// if the instruction is only backward reachable, ECMA says it must have an empty stack,
			// so we move the stack to locals
			if(!instructionIsForwardReachable)
			{
				int stackHeight = ma.GetStackHeight(i);
				if(stackHeight != 0)
				{
					BranchCookie bc = new BranchCookie(ilGenerator, stackHeight, -1);
					bc.ContentOnStack = true;
					bc.TargetLabel = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
					ilGenerator.MarkLabel(bc.TargetLabel);
					for(int j = 0; j < stackHeight; j++)
					{
						bc.dh.SetType(j, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, j));
					}
					for(int j = stackHeight - 1; j >= 0; j--)
					{
						bc.dh.Load(j);
					}
					block.SetBackwardBranchLabel(i, bc);
				}
			}

			// if we're entering an exception block, we need to setup the exception block and
			// transfer the stack into it
			// Note that an exception block that *starts* at an unreachable instruction,
			// is completely unreachable, because it is impossible to branch into an exception block.
			for(; exceptionIndex < exceptions.Length && exceptions[exceptionIndex].start_pc == instr.PC; exceptionIndex++)
			{
				int stackHeight = ma.GetStackHeight(i);
				if(stackHeight != 0)
				{
					DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, stackHeight);
					for(int k = 0; k < stackHeight; k++)
					{
						dh.SetType(k, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, k));
						dh.Store(k);
					}
					ilGenerator.BeginExceptionBlock();
					for(int k = stackHeight - 1; k >= 0; k--)
					{
						dh.Load(k);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					ilGenerator.BeginExceptionBlock();
				}
				blockStack.Push(block);
				block = new Block(this, exceptions[exceptionIndex].start_pc, exceptions[exceptionIndex].end_pc, exceptionIndex, new ArrayList(), true);
				block.MarkLabel(i);
			}

			if(symboldocument != null)
			{
				ClassFile.Method.LineNumberTableEntry[] table = m.LineNumberTableAttribute;
				if(table != null)
				{
					for(int j = 0; j < table.Length; j++)
					{
						if(table[j].start_pc == instr.PC && table[j].line_number != 0)
						{
							ilGenerator.MarkSequencePoint(symboldocument, table[j].line_number, 0, table[j].line_number + 1, 0);
							// we emit a nop to make sure we always have an instruction associated with the sequence point
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);
							break;
						}
					}
				}
			}

			try
			{
				switch(instr.NormalizedOpCode)
				{
					case NormalizedByteCode.__getstatic:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__putstatic:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__getfield:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__putfield:
						GetPutField(instr, i);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__aconst_null:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iconst:
						EmitLdc_I4(instr.NormalizedArg1);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lconst_0:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lconst_1:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fconst_0:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dconst_0:
						// floats are stored as native size on the stack, so both R4 and R8 are the same
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 0.0f);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fconst_1:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dconst_1:
						// floats are stored as native size on the stack, so both R4 and R8 are the same
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 1.0f);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fconst_2:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_R4, 2.0f);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ldc:
					{
						int constant = instr.Arg1;
						switch(classFile.GetConstantPoolConstantType(constant))
						{
							case ClassFile.ConstantType.Double:
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_R8, classFile.GetConstantPoolConstantDouble(constant));
								break;
							case ClassFile.ConstantType.Float:
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_R4, classFile.GetConstantPoolConstantFloat(constant));
								break;
							case ClassFile.ConstantType.Integer:
								EmitLdc_I4(classFile.GetConstantPoolConstantInteger(constant));
								break;
							case ClassFile.ConstantType.Long:
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I8, classFile.GetConstantPoolConstantLong(constant));
								break;
							case ClassFile.ConstantType.String:
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, classFile.GetConstantPoolConstantString(constant));
								break;
							case ClassFile.ConstantType.Class:
							{
								TypeWrapper tw = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(constant);
								if(tw.IsUnloadable)
								{
									Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicClassLiteral");
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, tw.Name);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicClassLiteral"));
								}
								else
								{
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, tw.IsRemapped ? tw.TypeAsBaseType : tw.TypeAsTBD);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getTypeFromHandleMethod);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, getClassFromTypeMethod);
								}
								java_lang_Class.EmitCheckcast(clazz, ilGenerator);
								break;
							}
							default:
								throw new InvalidOperationException();
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__invokestatic:
					{
						ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi = classFile.GetMethodref(instr.Arg1);
						// HACK special case for calls to System.arraycopy, if the array arguments on the stack
						// are of a known array type, we can redirect to an optimized version of arraycopy.
						if(cpi.Class == "java.lang.System" &&
							cpi.Name == "arraycopy" &&
							cpi.Signature == "(Ljava.lang.Object;ILjava.lang.Object;II)V" &&
							cpi.GetClassType().GetClassLoader() == ClassLoaderWrapper.GetBootstrapClassLoader())
						{
							TypeWrapper t1 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 2);
							TypeWrapper t2 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 4);
							if(t1.IsArray && t1 == t2)
							{
								switch(t1.Name[1])
								{
									case 'J':
									case 'D':
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, arraycopy_primitive_8Method);
										break;
									case 'I':
									case 'F':
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, arraycopy_primitive_4Method);
										break;
									case 'S':
									case 'C':
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, arraycopy_primitive_2Method);
										break;
									case 'B':
									case 'Z':
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, arraycopy_primitive_1Method);
										break;
									default:
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, arraycopyMethod);
										break;
								}
								break;
							}
						}
						MethodWrapper method = GetMethodCallEmitter(cpi, null, NormalizedByteCode.__invokestatic);
						// if the stack values don't match the argument types (for interface argument types)
						// we must emit code to cast the stack value to the interface type
						CastInterfaceArgs(method, cpi.GetArgTypes(), i, false, false);
						method.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__invokevirtual:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__invokeinterface:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial:
					{
						ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi = classFile.GetMethodref(instr.Arg1);
						int argcount = cpi.GetArgTypes().Length;
						TypeWrapper type = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, argcount);
						TypeWrapper thisType = SigTypeToClassName(type, cpi.GetClassType());

						MethodWrapper method = GetMethodCallEmitter(cpi, thisType, instr.NormalizedOpCode);

						// if the stack values don't match the argument types (for interface argument types)
						// we must emit code to cast the stack value to the interface type
						if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial && cpi.Name == "<init>" && VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type))
						{
							TypeWrapper[] args = cpi.GetArgTypes();
							CastInterfaceArgs(method, args, i, false, false);
						}
						else
						{
							// the this reference is included in the argument list because it may also need to be cast
							TypeWrapper[] methodArgs = cpi.GetArgTypes();
							TypeWrapper[] args = new TypeWrapper[methodArgs.Length + 1];
							methodArgs.CopyTo(args, 1);
							if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__invokeinterface)
							{
								args[0] = cpi.GetClassType();
							}
							else
							{
								args[0] = thisType;
							}
							CastInterfaceArgs(method, args, i, true, instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial && type != VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis);
						}

						if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial && cpi.Name == "<init>")
						{
							if(VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type))
							{
								// we have to construct a list of all the unitialized references to the object
								// we're about to create on the stack, so that we can reconstruct the stack after
								// the "newobj" instruction
								int trivcount = 0;
								bool nontrivial = false;
								bool[] stackfix = new bool[ma.GetStackHeight(i) - (argcount + 1)];
								for(int j = 0; j < stackfix.Length; j++)
								{
									if(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, argcount + 1 + j) == type)
									{
										stackfix[j] = true;
										if(trivcount == j)
										{
											trivcount++;
										}
										else
										{
											// if there is other stuff on the stack between the new object
											// references, we need to do more work to construct the proper stack
											// layout after the newobj instruction
											nontrivial = true;
										}
									}
								}
								for(int j = 0; !nontrivial && j < m.MaxLocals; j++)
								{
									if(ma.GetLocalTypeWrapper(i, j) == type)
									{
										nontrivial = true;
									}
								}
								method.EmitNewobj(ilGenerator);
								if(!thisType.IsUnloadable && thisType.IsSubTypeOf(java_lang_Throwable))
								{
									// HACK if the next instruction isn't an athrow, we need to
									// call fillInStackTrace, because the object might be used
									// to print out a stack trace without ever being thrown
									if(code[i + 1].NormalizedOpCode != NormalizedByteCode.__athrow)
									{
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
										fillInStackTraceMethod.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
									}
								}
								if(nontrivial)
								{
									// this could be done a little more efficiently, but since in practice this
									// code never runs (for code compiled from Java source) it doesn't
									// really matter
									LocalBuilder newobj = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(thisType.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, newobj);
									LocalBuilder[] tempstack = new LocalBuilder[stackfix.Length];
									for(int j = 0; j < stackfix.Length; j++)
									{
										if(!stackfix[j])
										{
											TypeWrapper stacktype = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, argcount + 1 + j);
											// it could be another new object reference (not from current invokespecial <init>
											// instruction)
											if(stacktype == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
											{
												// TODO handle null stack entries
												throw new NotImplementedException();
											}
											else if(!VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(stacktype))
											{
												LocalBuilder lb = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(stacktype.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
												ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, lb);
												tempstack[j] = lb;
											}
										}
									}
									for(int j = stackfix.Length - 1; j >= 0; j--)
									{
										if(stackfix[j])
										{
											ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, newobj);
										}
										else if(tempstack[j] != null)
										{
											ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, tempstack[j]);
										}
									}
									LocalVar[] locals = ma.GetLocalVarsForInvokeSpecial(i);
									for(int j = 0; j < locals.Length; j++)
									{
										if(locals[j] != null)
										{
											if(locals[j].builder == null)
											{
												// for invokespecial the resulting type can never be null
												locals[j].builder = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(locals[j].type.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
											}
											ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, newobj);
											ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, locals[j].builder);
										}
									}
								}
								else
								{
									if(trivcount == 0)
									{
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
									}
									else
									{
										for(int j = 1; j < trivcount; j++)
										{
											ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
										}
									}
								}
							}
							else
							{
								Debug.Assert(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis);
								method.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
								LocalVar[] locals = ma.GetLocalVarsForInvokeSpecial(i);
								for(int j = 0; j < locals.Length; j++)
								{
									if(locals[j] != null)
									{
										if(locals[j].builder == null)
										{
											// for invokespecial the resulting type can never be null
											locals[j].builder = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(locals[j].type.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
										}
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
										ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, locals[j].builder);
									}
								}
							}
						}
						else
						{
							if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial)
							{
								method.EmitCall(ilGenerator);
							}
							else
							{
								method.EmitCallvirt(ilGenerator);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__return:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__areturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ireturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lreturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__freturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dreturn:
					{
						if(block.IsNested)
						{
							// if we're inside an exception block, copy TOS to local, emit "leave" and push item onto our "todo" list
							LocalBuilder local = null;
							if(instr.NormalizedOpCode != NormalizedByteCode.__return)
							{
								TypeWrapper retTypeWrapper = mw.ReturnType;
								retTypeWrapper.EmitConvStackToParameterType(ilGenerator, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0));
								if(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0).IsUnloadable)
								{
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, retTypeWrapper.TypeAsParameterType);
								}
								local = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(retTypeWrapper.TypeAsParameterType);
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local);
							}
							Label label = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
							// NOTE leave automatically discards any junk that may be on the stack
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Leave, label);
							block.AddExitHack(new ReturnCookie(label, local));
						}
						else
						{
							// if there is junk on the stack (other than the return value), we must pop it off
							// because in .NET this is invalid (unlike in Java)
							int stackHeight = ma.GetStackHeight(i);
							if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__return)
							{
								if(stackHeight != 0)
								{
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Leave_S, (byte)0);
								}
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
							}
							else
							{
								TypeWrapper retTypeWrapper = mw.ReturnType;
								retTypeWrapper.EmitConvStackToParameterType(ilGenerator, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0));
								if(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0).IsUnloadable)
								{
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, retTypeWrapper.TypeAsParameterType);
								}
								if(stackHeight != 1)
								{
									LocalBuilder local = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(retTypeWrapper.TypeAsParameterType);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Leave_S, (byte)0);
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, local);
								}
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ret);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__aload:
					{
						TypeWrapper type = ma.GetLocalTypeWrapper(i, instr.NormalizedArg1);
						if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
						{
							// if the local is known to be null, we just emit a null
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
						}
						else if(VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type))
						{
							// since new objects aren't represented on the stack, we don't need to do anything here
						}
						else if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis)
						{
							// any unitialized this reference has to be loaded from arg 0
							// NOTE if the method overwrites the this references, it will always end up in
							// a different local (due to the way the local variable liveness analysis works),
							// so we don't have to worry about that.
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
						}
						else
						{
							LocalVar v = LoadLocal(instr);
							if(!type.IsUnloadable && !v.type.IsUnloadable && !v.type.IsAssignableTo(type))
							{
								type.EmitCheckcast(type, ilGenerator);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__astore:
					{
						TypeWrapper type = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0);
						// HACK we use "int" to track the return address of a jsr
						if(VerifierTypeWrapper.IsRet(type))
						{
							StoreLocal(instr);
						}
						else if(VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type))
						{
							// NOTE new objects aren't really on the stack, so we can't copy them into the local.
							// We do store a null in the local, to prevent it from retaining an unintentional reference
							// to whatever object reference happens to be there
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
							StoreLocal(instr);
						}
						else if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis)
						{
							// any unitialized reference is always the this reference, we don't store anything
							// here (because CLR won't allow unitialized references in locals) and then when
							// the unitialized ref is loaded we redirect to the this reference
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						}
						else
						{
							StoreLocal(instr);
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iload:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lload:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fload:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dload:
						LoadLocal(instr);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__istore:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lstore:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fstore:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dstore:
						StoreLocal(instr);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__new:
					{
						TypeWrapper wrapper = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(instr.Arg1);
						if(wrapper.IsUnloadable)
						{
							Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicNewCheckOnly");
							// this is here to make sure we throw the exception in the right location (before
							// evaluating the constructor arguments)
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, wrapper.Name);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicNewCheckOnly"));
						}
						else if(!wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
						{
							throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
						}
						else if(wrapper.IsAbstract || wrapper.IsInterface)
						{
							throw new InstantiationError(wrapper.Name);
						}
						// we don't do anything here, the call to <init> will be converted into a newobj instruction
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__multianewarray:
					{
						LocalBuilder localArray = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(int[]));
						LocalBuilder localInt = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(int));
						EmitLdc_I4(instr.Arg2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, typeof(int));
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, localArray);
						for(int j = 1; j <= instr.Arg2; j++)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, localInt);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, localArray);
							EmitLdc_I4(instr.Arg2 - j);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, localInt);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_I4);
						}
						TypeWrapper wrapper = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(instr.Arg1);
						if(wrapper.IsUnloadable)
						{
							Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicMultianewarray");
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, wrapper.Name);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, localArray);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicMultianewarray"));
						}
						else
						{
							if(!wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
							{
								throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
							}
							Type type = wrapper.TypeAsArrayType;
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, type);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, localArray);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, multiANewArrayMethod);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, type);
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__anewarray:
					{
						TypeWrapper wrapper = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(instr.Arg1);
						if(wrapper.IsUnloadable)
						{
							Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicNewarray");
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, wrapper.Name);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicNewarray"));
						}
						else
						{
							if(!wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
							{
								throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
							}
							// NOTE for ghost types we create object arrays to make sure that Ghost implementers can be
							// stored in ghost arrays, but this has the unintended consequence that ghost arrays can
							// contain *any* reference type (because they are compiled as Object arrays). We could
							// modify aastore to emit code to check for this, but this would have an huge performance
							// cost for all object arrays.
							// Oddly, while the JVM accepts any reference for any other interface typed references, in the
							// case of aastore it does check that the object actually implements the interface. This
							// is unfortunate, but I think we can live with this minor incompatibility.
							// Note that this does not break type safety, because when the incorrect object is eventually
							// used as the ghost interface type it will generate a ClassCastException.
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, wrapper.TypeAsArrayType);
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__newarray:
					switch(instr.Arg1)
					{
						case 4:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BOOLEAN.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 5:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.CHAR.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 6:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.FLOAT.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 7:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.DOUBLE.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 8:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.BYTE.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 9:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.SHORT.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 10:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.INT.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						case 11:
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, PrimitiveTypeWrapper.LONG.TypeAsArrayType);
							break;
						default:
							// this can't happen, the verifier would have caught it
							throw new InvalidOperationException();
					}
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__checkcast:
					{
						TypeWrapper wrapper = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(instr.Arg1);
						if(!wrapper.IsUnloadable && !wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
						{
							throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
						}
						wrapper.EmitCheckcast(clazz, ilGenerator);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__instanceof:
					{
						TypeWrapper wrapper = classFile.GetConstantPoolClassType(instr.Arg1);
						if(!wrapper.IsUnloadable && !wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
						{
							throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
						}
						wrapper.EmitInstanceOf(clazz, ilGenerator);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__aaload:
					{
						TypeWrapper tw = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1);
						if(tw.IsUnloadable)
						{
							Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicAaload");
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, tw.Name);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicAaload"));
						}
						else
						{
							TypeWrapper elem = tw.ElementTypeWrapper;
							if(elem.IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
							{
								Type t = elem.TypeAsTBD;
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldobj, t);
								elem.EmitBox(ilGenerator);
							}
							else
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_Ref);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__baload:
						// NOTE both the JVM and the CLR use signed bytes for boolean arrays (how convenient!)
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_I1);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__bastore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_I1);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__caload:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_U2);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__castore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_I2);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__saload:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_I2);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__sastore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_I2);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iaload:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_I4);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iastore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_I4);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__laload:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_I8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lastore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_I8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__faload:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_R4);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fastore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_R4);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__daload:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelem_R8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dastore:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_R8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__aastore:
					{
						TypeWrapper tw = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 2);
						if(tw.IsUnloadable)
						{
							Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicAastore");
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, tw.Name);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicAastore"));
						}
						else
						{
							TypeWrapper elem = tw.ElementTypeWrapper;
							if(elem.IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
							{
								Type t = elem.TypeAsTBD;
								LocalBuilder local = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(object));
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, local);
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldelema, t);
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, local);
								elem.EmitUnbox(ilGenerator);
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stobj, t);
							}
							else
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_Ref);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__arraylength:
						if(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0).IsUnloadable)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, typeof(Array));
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Callvirt, typeof(Array).GetMethod("get_Length"));
						}
						else
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldlen);
						}
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lcmp:
					{
						LocalBuilder value1 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(long));
						LocalBuilder value2 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(long));
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res1 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bgt_S, res1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res0 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq_S, res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						Label end = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(end);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fcmpl:
					{
						LocalBuilder value1 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(float));
						LocalBuilder value2 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(float));
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res1 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bgt_S, res1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res0 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq_S, res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						Label end = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(end);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fcmpg:
					{
						LocalBuilder value1 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(float));
						LocalBuilder value2 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(float));
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label resm1 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Blt_S, resm1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res0 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq_S, res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
						Label end = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(resm1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(end);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dcmpl:
					{
						LocalBuilder value1 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(double));
						LocalBuilder value2 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(double));
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res1 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bgt_S, res1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res0 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq_S, res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						Label end = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(end);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dcmpg:
					{
						LocalBuilder value1 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(double));
						LocalBuilder value2 = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(double));
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label resm1 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Blt, resm1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, value2);
						Label res0 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
						Label end = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(resm1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, end);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(res0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(end);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpeq:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpne:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bne_Un, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmple:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ble, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmplt:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Blt, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpge:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bge, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_icmpgt:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bgt, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifle:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ble, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iflt:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Blt, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifge:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bge, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifgt:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bgt, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifne:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bne_Un, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifeq:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifnonnull:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Brtrue, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ifnull:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Brfalse, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_acmpeq:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__if_acmpne:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bne_Un, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__goto:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ineg:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lneg:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fneg:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dneg:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Neg);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iadd:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ladd:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fadd:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dadd:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__isub:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lsub:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fsub:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dsub:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Sub);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ixor:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lxor:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Xor);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ior:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lor:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Or);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iand:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__land:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__imul:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lmul:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fmul:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dmul:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Mul);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__idiv:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ldiv:
					{
						// we need to special case dividing by -1, because the CLR div instruction
						// throws an OverflowException when dividing Int32.MinValue by -1, and
						// Java just silently overflows
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__ldiv)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
						}
						Label label = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bne_Un_S, label);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Neg);
						Label label2 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, label2);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(label);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Div);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(label2);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__fdiv:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ddiv:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Div);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__irem:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lrem:
					{
						// we need to special case taking the remainder of dividing by -1,
						// because the CLR rem instruction throws an OverflowException when
						// taking the remainder of dividing Int32.MinValue by -1, and
						// Java just silently overflows
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
						if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__lrem)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
						}
						Label label = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bne_Un_S, label);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
						if(instr.NormalizedOpCode == NormalizedByteCode.__lrem)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
						}
						Label label2 = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br_S, label2);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(label);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Rem);
						ilGenerator.MarkLabel(label2);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__frem:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__drem:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Rem);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ishl:
						EmitLdc_I4(31);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Shl);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lshl:
						EmitLdc_I4(63);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Shl);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iushr:
						EmitLdc_I4(31);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Shr_Un);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lushr:
						EmitLdc_I4(63);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Shr_Un);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ishr:
						EmitLdc_I4(31);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Shr);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lshr:
						EmitLdc_I4(63);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.And);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Shr);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__swap:
					{
						DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 2);
						dh.SetType(0, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0));
						dh.SetType(1, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1));
						dh.Store(0);
						dh.Store(1);
						dh.Load(0);
						dh.Load(1);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dup:
						// if the TOS contains a "new" object, it isn't really there, so we don't dup it
						if(!VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0)))
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
						}
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dup2:
					{
						TypeWrapper type1 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0);
						if(type1.IsWidePrimitive)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
						}
						else
						{
							DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 2);
							dh.SetType(0, type1);
							dh.SetType(1, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1));
							dh.Store(0);
							dh.Store(1);
							dh.Load(1);
							dh.Load(0);
							dh.Load(1);
							dh.Load(0);
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dup_x1:
					{
						DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 2);
						dh.SetType(0, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0));
						dh.SetType(1, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1));
						dh.Store(0);
						dh.Store(1);
						dh.Load(0);
						dh.Load(1);
						dh.Load(0);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dup2_x1:
					{
						TypeWrapper type1 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0);
						if(type1.IsWidePrimitive)
						{
							DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 2);
							dh.SetType(0, type1);
							dh.SetType(1, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1));
							dh.Store(0);
							dh.Store(1);
							dh.Load(0);
							dh.Load(1);
							dh.Load(0);
						}
						else
						{
							DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 3);
							dh.SetType(0, type1);
							dh.SetType(1, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1));
							dh.SetType(2, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 2));
							dh.Store(0);
							dh.Store(1);
							dh.Store(2);
							dh.Load(1);
							dh.Load(0);
							dh.Load(2);
							dh.Load(1);
							dh.Load(0);
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dup2_x2:
					{
						TypeWrapper type1 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0);
						TypeWrapper type2 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1);
						if(type1.IsWidePrimitive)
						{
							if(type2.IsWidePrimitive)
							{
								// Form 4
								DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 2);
								dh.SetType(0, type1);
								dh.SetType(1, type2);
								dh.Store(0);
								dh.Store(1);
								dh.Load(0);
								dh.Load(1);
								dh.Load(0);
							}
							else
							{
								// Form 2
								DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 3);
								dh.SetType(0, type1);
								dh.SetType(1, type2);
								dh.SetType(2, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 2));
								dh.Store(0);
								dh.Store(1);
								dh.Store(2);
								dh.Load(0);
								dh.Load(2);
								dh.Load(1);
								dh.Load(0);
							}
						}
						else
						{
							TypeWrapper type3 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 2);
							if(type3.IsWidePrimitive)
							{
								// Form 3
								DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 3);
								dh.SetType(0, type1);
								dh.SetType(1, type2);
								dh.SetType(2, type3);
								dh.Store(0);
								dh.Store(1);
								dh.Store(2);
								dh.Load(1);
								dh.Load(0);
								dh.Load(2);
								dh.Load(1);
								dh.Load(0);
							}
							else
							{
								// Form 1
								DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 4);
								dh.SetType(0, type1);
								dh.SetType(1, type2);
								dh.SetType(2, type3);
								dh.SetType(3, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 3));
								dh.Store(0);
								dh.Store(1);
								dh.Store(2);
								dh.Store(3);
								dh.Load(1);
								dh.Load(0);
								dh.Load(3);
								dh.Load(2);
								dh.Load(1);
								dh.Load(0);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dup_x2:
					{
						DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, 3);
						dh.SetType(0, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0));
						dh.SetType(1, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1));
						dh.SetType(2, ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 2));
						dh.Store(0);
						dh.Store(1);
						dh.Store(2);
						dh.Load(0);
						dh.Load(2);
						dh.Load(1);
						dh.Load(0);
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__pop2:
					{
						TypeWrapper type1 = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0);
						if(type1.IsWidePrimitive)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						}
						else
						{
							if(!VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type1))
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
							}
							if(!VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1)))
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
							}
						}
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__pop:
						// if the TOS is a new object, it isn't really there, so we don't need to pop it
						if(!VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0)))
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						}
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__monitorenter:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitorEnterMethod);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__monitorexit:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, monitorExitMethod);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__athrow:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Throw);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lookupswitch:
						// TODO use OpCodes.Switch
						for(int j = 0; j < instr.SwitchEntryCount; j++)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Dup);
							EmitLdc_I4(instr.GetSwitchValue(j));
							Label label = ilGenerator.DefineLabel();
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Bne_Un_S, label);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.GetSwitchTargetOffset(j)));
							ilGenerator.MarkLabel(label);
						}
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.DefaultOffset));
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__iinc:
						LoadLocal(instr);
						EmitLdc_I4(instr.Arg2);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Add);
						StoreLocal(instr);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__i2b:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I1);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__i2c:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_U2);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__i2s:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I2);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__l2i:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I4);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__f2i:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, f2iMethod);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__d2i:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, d2iMethod);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__f2l:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, f2lMethod);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__d2l:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, d2lMethod);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__i2l:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_I8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__i2f:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__l2f:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__d2f:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_R4);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__i2d:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__l2d:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__f2d:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Conv_R8);
						break;
					case NormalizedByteCode.__jsr:
					{
						int index = FindPcIndex(instr.PC + instr.Arg1);
						int[] callsites = ma.GetCallSites(index);
						for(int j = 0; j < callsites.Length; j++)
						{
							if(callsites[j] == i)
							{
								EmitLdc_I4(j);
								break;
							}
						}
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, block.GetLabel(instr.PC + instr.Arg1));
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ret:
					{
						// NOTE using a OpCodes.Switch here is not efficient, because 99 out of a 100 cases
						// there are either one or two call sites.
						int subid = ((VerifierTypeWrapper)ma.GetLocalTypeWrapper(i, instr.Arg1)).Index;
						int[] callsites = ma.GetCallSites(subid);
						for(int j = 0; j < callsites.Length - 1; j++)
						{
							LoadLocal(instr);
							EmitLdc_I4(j);
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Beq, block.GetLabel(m.Instructions[callsites[j] + 1].PC));
						}
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, block.GetLabel(m.Instructions[callsites[callsites.Length - 1] + 1].PC));
						break;
					}
					case NormalizedByteCode.__nop:
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Nop);
						break;
					default:
						throw new NotImplementedException(instr.NormalizedOpCode.ToString());
				}
				// mark next instruction as inuse
				switch(instr.NormalizedOpCode)
				{
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lookupswitch:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__goto:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__jsr:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ret:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__ireturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__lreturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__freturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__dreturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__areturn:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__return:
					case NormalizedByteCode.__athrow:
						instructionIsForwardReachable = false;
						break;
					default:
						instructionIsForwardReachable = true;
						Debug.Assert(ma.IsReachable(i + 1));
						// don't fall through end of try block
						if(m.Instructions[i + 1].PC == block.End)
						{
							// TODO instead of emitting a branch to the leave stub, it would be more efficient to put the leave stub here
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Br, block.GetLabel(m.Instructions[i + 1].PC));
						}
						break;
				}
			}
			catch(EmitException x)
			{
				x.Emit(ilGenerator, classFile, m);
				// mark the next instruction as not forward reachable,
				// this will cause the stack to be loaded from locals
				// (which is needed for the code to be verifiable)
				instructionIsForwardReachable = false;
			}
		}
	}

	private void EmitLdc_I4(int v)
	{
		switch(v)
		{
			case -1:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_M1);
				break;
			case 0:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_0);
				break;
			case 1:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_1);
				break;
			case 2:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_2);
				break;
			case 3:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_3);
				break;
			case 4:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_4);
				break;
			case 5:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_5);
				break;
			case 6:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_6);
				break;
			case 7:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_7);
				break;
			case 8:
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_8);
				break;
			default:
				if(v >= -128 && v <= 127)
				{
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4_S, (sbyte)v);
				}
				else
				{
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, v);
				}
				break;
		}
	}

	// NOTE despite its name this also handles value type args
	private void CastInterfaceArgs(MethodWrapper method, TypeWrapper[] args, int instructionIndex, bool instanceMethod, bool checkThisForNull)
	{
		bool needsCast = checkThisForNull;

		if(!needsCast)
		{
			for(int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
			{
				if(args[i].IsUnloadable)
				{
					// nothing to do, callee will (eventually) do the cast
				}
				else if(args[i].IsGhost)
				{
					needsCast = true;
					break;
				}
				else if(args[i].IsInterfaceOrInterfaceArray)
				{
					TypeWrapper tw = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(instructionIndex, args.Length - 1 - i);
					if(!tw.IsUnloadable && !tw.IsAssignableTo(args[i]))
					{
						needsCast = true;
						break;
					}
				}
				else if(args[i].IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
				{
					needsCast = true;
					break;
				}
				// if the stack contains an unloadable, we might need to cast it
				// (e.g. if the argument type is a base class that is loadable)
				if(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(instructionIndex, i).IsUnloadable)
				{
					needsCast = true;
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		if(needsCast)
		{
			// OPTIMIZE if the first n arguments don't need a cast, they can be left on the stack
			DupHelper dh = new DupHelper(ilGenerator, args.Length);
			for(int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
			{
				TypeWrapper tw = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(instructionIndex, args.Length - 1 - i);
				if(tw != VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis)
				{
					tw = args[i];
				}
				dh.SetType(i, tw);
			}
			for(int i = args.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
			{
				if(!args[i].IsUnloadable)
				{
					TypeWrapper tw = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(instructionIndex, args.Length - 1 - i);
					if(tw.IsUnloadable || (args[i].IsInterfaceOrInterfaceArray && !tw.IsAssignableTo(args[i])))
					{
						// TODO ideally, instead of an InvalidCastException, the castclass should throw a IncompatibleClassChangeError
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, args[i].TypeAsTBD);
						Profiler.Count("InterfaceDownCast");
					}
				}
				dh.Store(i);
			}
			if(checkThisForNull)
			{
				dh.Load(0);
				EmitHelper.NullCheck(ilGenerator);
			}
			for(int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
			{
				if(!args[i].IsUnloadable && args[i].IsGhost)
				{
					if(i == 0 && instanceMethod && !method.DeclaringType.IsInterface)
					{
						// we're calling a java.lang.Object method through a ghost interface reference,
						// no ghost handling is needed
						dh.Load(i);
					}
					else
					{
						LocalBuilder local = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(args[i].TypeAsParameterType);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloca, local);
						dh.Load(i);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stfld, args[i].GhostRefField);
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloca, local);
						// NOTE when the this argument is a value type, we need the address on the stack instead of the value
						if(i != 0 || !instanceMethod)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldobj, args[i].TypeAsParameterType);
						}
					}
				}
				else
				{
					dh.Load(i);
					if(!args[i].IsUnloadable)
					{
						if(args[i].IsNonPrimitiveValueType)
						{
							if(i != 0 || !instanceMethod)
							{
								args[i].EmitUnbox(ilGenerator);
							}
							else
							{
								ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox, args[i].TypeAsTBD);
							}
						}
						else if(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(instructionIndex, args.Length - 1 - i).IsUnloadable)
						{
							ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, args[i].TypeAsParameterType);
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	private void GetPutField(Instruction instr, int i)
	{
		NormalizedByteCode bytecode = instr.NormalizedOpCode;
		ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemFieldref cpi = classFile.GetFieldref(instr.Arg1);
		bool write = (bytecode == NormalizedByteCode.__putfield || bytecode == NormalizedByteCode.__putstatic);
		TypeWrapper wrapper = cpi.GetClassType();
		if(wrapper.IsUnloadable)
		{
			TypeWrapper fieldTypeWrapper = cpi.GetFieldType();
			if(write && !fieldTypeWrapper.IsUnloadable && fieldTypeWrapper.IsPrimitive)
			{
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Box, fieldTypeWrapper.TypeAsTBD);
			}
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, cpi.Name);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, cpi.Signature);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, clazz.TypeAsTBD);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, wrapper.Name);
			switch(bytecode)
			{
				case NormalizedByteCode.__getfield:
					Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicGetfield");
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicGetfield"));
					EmitReturnTypeConversion(ilGenerator, fieldTypeWrapper);
					break;
				case NormalizedByteCode.__putfield:
					Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicPutfield");
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicPutfield"));
					break;
				case NormalizedByteCode.__getstatic:
					Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicGetstatic");
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicGetstatic"));
					EmitReturnTypeConversion(ilGenerator, fieldTypeWrapper);
					break;
				case NormalizedByteCode.__putstatic:
					Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicPutstatic");
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicPutstatic"));
					break;
			}
			return;
		}
		else
		{
			if(!wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
			{
				throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
			}
			TypeWrapper thisType = null;
			if(bytecode == NormalizedByteCode.__getfield)
			{
				thisType = SigTypeToClassName(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0), cpi.GetClassType());
			}
			else if(bytecode == NormalizedByteCode.__putfield)
			{
				thisType = SigTypeToClassName(ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 1), cpi.GetClassType());
			}
			bool isStatic = (bytecode == NormalizedByteCode.__putstatic || bytecode == NormalizedByteCode.__getstatic);
			FieldWrapper field = cpi.GetField(); //wrapper.GetFieldWrapper(cpi.Name, cpi.GetFieldType(classLoader));
			if(field != null)
			{
				CheckLoaderConstraints(cpi, field);
				if(field.IsStatic == isStatic)
				{
					if(field.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz, thisType))
					{
						// are we trying to mutate a final field? (they are read-only from outside of the defining class)
						if(write && field.IsFinal && (isStatic ? clazz != wrapper : clazz != thisType))
						{
							throw new IllegalAccessError("Field " + field.DeclaringType.Name + "." + field.Name + " is final");
						}
						else
						{
							if(!write)
							{
								field.EmitGet(ilGenerator);
								return;
							}
							else
							{
								TypeWrapper tw = field.FieldTypeWrapper;
								TypeWrapper val = ma.GetRawStackTypeWrapper(i, 0);
								if(!tw.IsUnloadable && (val.IsUnloadable || (tw.IsInterfaceOrInterfaceArray && !tw.IsGhost && !val.IsAssignableTo(tw))))
								{
									ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, tw.TypeAsTBD);
								}
								field.EmitSet(ilGenerator);
								return;
							}
						}
					}
					else
					{
						throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access field " + field.DeclaringType.Name + "." + field.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
					}
				}
				else
				{
					throw new IncompatibleClassChangeError("Static field access to non-static field (or v.v.)");
				}
			}
			else
			{
				throw new NoSuchFieldError(cpi.Class + "." + cpi.Name);
			}
		}
	}

	private static void EmitReturnTypeConversion(ILGenerator ilgen, TypeWrapper typeWrapper)
	{
		if(typeWrapper.IsUnloadable)
		{
			// nothing to do for unloadables
		}
		else if(typeWrapper == PrimitiveTypeWrapper.VOID)
		{
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
		}
		else if(typeWrapper.IsPrimitive)
		{
			// NOTE we don't need to use TypeWrapper.EmitUnbox, because the return value cannot be null
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Unbox, typeWrapper.TypeAsTBD);
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Ldobj, typeWrapper.TypeAsTBD);
		}
		else
		{
			ilgen.Emit(OpCodes.Castclass, typeWrapper.TypeAsTBD);
		}
	}

	private class DynamicMethodWrapper : MethodWrapper
	{
		private static readonly MethodInfo dynamicInvokestatic = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicInvokestatic");
		private static readonly MethodInfo dynamicInvokevirtual = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicInvokevirtual");
		private static readonly MethodInfo dynamicInvokeSpecialNew = typeof(ByteCodeHelper).GetMethod("DynamicInvokeSpecialNew");
		private ClassLoaderWrapper classLoader;
		private TypeWrapper wrapper;
		private ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi;

		internal DynamicMethodWrapper(ClassLoaderWrapper classLoader, TypeWrapper wrapper, ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi)
			: base(wrapper, null, null, null, null, Modifiers.Public, MemberFlags.None)
		{
			this.classLoader = classLoader;
			this.wrapper = wrapper;
			this.cpi = cpi;
		}

		internal override void EmitCall(ILGenerator ilgen)
		{
			Emit(dynamicInvokestatic, ilgen, cpi.GetRetType());
		}

		internal override void EmitCallvirt(ILGenerator ilgen)
		{
			Emit(dynamicInvokevirtual, ilgen, cpi.GetRetType());
		}

		internal override void EmitNewobj(ILGenerator ilgen)
		{
			Emit(dynamicInvokeSpecialNew, ilgen, cpi.GetClassType());
		}

		private void Emit(MethodInfo helperMethod, ILGenerator ilGenerator, TypeWrapper retTypeWrapper)
		{
			Profiler.Count("EmitDynamicInvokeEmitter");
			TypeWrapper[] args = cpi.GetArgTypes();
			LocalBuilder argarray = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(object[]));
			LocalBuilder val = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(typeof(object));
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, args.Length);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Newarr, typeof(object));
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, argarray);
			for(int i = args.Length - 1; i >= 0; i--)
			{
				if(args[i].IsPrimitive)
				{
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Box, args[i].TypeAsTBD);
				}
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, val);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, argarray);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldc_I4, i);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, val);
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stelem_Ref);
			}
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldtoken, wrapper.TypeAsTBD);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, cpi.Class);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, cpi.Name);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldstr, cpi.Signature);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, argarray);
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Call, helperMethod);
			EmitReturnTypeConversion(ilGenerator, retTypeWrapper);
		}
	}

	private MethodWrapper GetMethodCallEmitter(ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi, TypeWrapper thisType, NormalizedByteCode invoke)
	{
		TypeWrapper wrapper = cpi.GetClassType();
		if(wrapper.IsUnloadable || (thisType != null && thisType.IsUnloadable))
		{
			return new DynamicMethodWrapper(classLoader, clazz, cpi);
		}
		else
		{
			if(!wrapper.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz))
			{
				throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access class " + wrapper.Name + " from class " + clazz.Name);
			}
			else if(wrapper.IsInterface != (invoke == NormalizedByteCode.__invokeinterface))
			{
				throw new IncompatibleClassChangeError("invokeinterface on non-interface");
			}
			else
			{
				MethodWrapper method = invoke == NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial ? cpi.GetMethodForInvokespecial() : cpi.GetMethod();
				if(method != null)
				{
					CheckLoaderConstraints(cpi, method);
					if(method.IsStatic == (invoke == NormalizedByteCode.__invokestatic))
					{
						if(method.IsAbstract && invoke == NormalizedByteCode.__invokespecial)
						{
							throw new AbstractMethodError(cpi.Class + "." + cpi.Name + cpi.Signature);
						}
						else if(method.IsAccessibleFrom(clazz, thisType))
						{
							return method;
						}
						else
						{
							// HACK special case for incorrect invocation of Object.clone(), because this could mean
							// we're calling clone() on an array
							// (bug in javac, see http://developer.java.sun.com/developer/bugParade/bugs/4329886.html)
							if(wrapper == java_lang_Object && thisType.IsArray && cpi.Name == "clone")
							{
								// NOTE since thisType is an array, we can be sure that the method is already linked
								method = thisType.GetMethodWrapper(new MethodDescriptor(cpi.Name, cpi.Signature), false);
								if(method != null && method.IsPublic)
								{
									return method;
								}
							}
							throw new IllegalAccessError("Try to access method " + method.DeclaringType.Name + "." + cpi.Name + cpi.Signature + " from class " + clazz.Name);
						}
					}
					else
					{
						throw new IncompatibleClassChangeError("static call to non-static method (or v.v.)");
					}
				}
				else
				{
					throw new NoSuchMethodError(cpi.Class + "." + cpi.Name + cpi.Signature);
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// TODO this method should have a better name
	private TypeWrapper SigTypeToClassName(TypeWrapper type, TypeWrapper nullType)
	{
		if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.UninitializedThis)
		{
			return clazz;
		}
		else if(VerifierTypeWrapper.IsNew(type))
		{
			return ((VerifierTypeWrapper)type).UnderlyingType;
		}
		else if(type == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
		{
			return nullType;
		}
		else
		{
			return type;
		}
	}

	private int FindPcIndex(int target)
	{
		return m.PcIndexMap[target];
	}

	private LocalVar LoadLocal(ClassFile.Method.Instruction instr)
	{
		LocalVar v = ma.GetLocalVar(FindPcIndex(instr.PC));
		if(v.isArg)
		{
			int i = m.ArgMap[instr.NormalizedArg1];
			switch(i)
			{
				case 0:
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_0);
					break;
				case 1:
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_1);
					break;
				case 2:
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_2);
					break;
				case 3:
					ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_3);
					break;
				default:
					if(i < 256)
					{
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg_S, (byte)i);
					}
					else
					{
						ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldarg, (short)i);
					}
					break;
			}
		}
		else if(v.type == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
		{
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldnull);
		}
		else
		{
			if(v.builder == null)
			{
				v.builder = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(v.type.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
				if(JVM.Debug && v.name != null)
				{
					v.builder.SetLocalSymInfo(v.name);
				}
			}
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Ldloc, v.builder);
		}
		return v;
	}

	private void StoreLocal(ClassFile.Method.Instruction instr)
	{
		LocalVar v = ma.GetLocalVar(FindPcIndex(instr.PC));
		if(v == null)
		{
			// dead store
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
		}
		else if(v.isArg)
		{
			int i = m.ArgMap[instr.NormalizedArg1];
			if(i < 256)
			{
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Starg_S, (byte)i);
			}
			else
			{
				ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Starg, (short)i);
			}
		}
		else if(v.type == VerifierTypeWrapper.Null)
		{
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Pop);
		}
		else
		{
			if(v.builder == null)
			{
				v.builder = ilGenerator.DeclareLocal(v.type.TypeAsLocalOrStackType);
				if(JVM.Debug && v.name != null)
				{
					v.builder.SetLocalSymInfo(v.name);
				}
			}
			ilGenerator.Emit(OpCodes.Stloc, v.builder);
		}
	}

	private bool IsUnloadable(ClassFile.ConstantPoolItemMI cpi)
	{
		if(cpi.GetClassType().IsUnloadable || cpi.GetRetType().IsUnloadable)
		{
			return true;
		}
		TypeWrapper[] args = cpi.GetArgTypes();
		for(int i = 0; i < args.Length; i++)
		{
			if(args[i].IsUnloadable)
			{
				return true;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}
}