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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE document PUBLIC "-//APACHE//DTD Documentation V1.2//EN" "http://apache.org/forrest/dtd/document-v12.dtd">
<document>
<header>
<title>IKVM.NET Tutorial</title>
<authors><person name="Stephen Schaub" email="sschaub@bju.edu"/>
</authors>
</header>
<body>
<section>
<title>Setup your Environment</title>
<p>This tutorial includes information for both the Windows and Linux platforms. It assumes that
Windows users will be using the .NET SDK, and Linux users will be using the Mono SDK. </p>
<p>This tutorial references files in the samples distribution available on the <link href="site:download">download page</link>.
Before you begin, prepare your environment by adding the following to your PATH environment variable:</p>
<ul>
<li>The directory containing the IKVM executables</li>
<li>The directory containing the C# compiler (Windows: csc / Mono: mcs). On Windows, this is typically
C:\WINDOWS\Microsoft.NET\Framework\v1.1.4322.</li>
<li>The directory containing a Java compiler (javac or jikes)</li>
</ul>
</section>
<section>
<title>Run a Java Application Dynamically</title>
<p>IKVM.NET includes a Java Virtual Machine implented in C#. To try it out, navigate to
<em>IKVMROOT</em>\samples\hello and compile the sample application:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> javac Hello
jar cfm hello.jar manifest.mf Hello.class</code></p>
<p>Now, to run the application using the IKVM Virtual Machine, enter the following:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvm Hello</code></p>
<p>This command starts the virtual machine, which searches for a
file named Hello.class. When it finds it, it loads it and executes the bytecodes dynamically.
You should be prompted to enter your name, and see a brief greeting.</p>
<p>If you experience problems, check the following:</p>
<ul>
<li>Check your capitalization: ikvm, like java, requires you to capitalize class names correctly.</li>
<li>If ikvm reports a ClassNotFoundException, check whether the CLASSPATH environment variable is set.
If so, try clearing the CLASSPATH or adding the current directory to it so ikvm can find the class in the current directory.</li>
</ul>
<p>You can also execute Java applications in a jar file. Try it out:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvm -jar hello.jar</code></p>
<p>See the <link href="site:ikvm">ikvm reference</link> for more information about ikvm command line options.</p>
</section>
<section>
<title>Convert a Java Application to .NET</title>
<p>IKVM.NET includes <link href="site:ikvmc">ikvmc</link>, a utility that converts
Java .jar files to .NET .dll libraries and .exe applications. In this section, you'll convert a Java application to a .NET
.exe.</p>
<p>Navigate to <em>IKVMROOT</em>\samples\hello and enter the following:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvmc hello.jar</code></p>
<note>If you're using Mono, you will have to tell ikvmc where to find the GNU Classpath dll. Try the following,
substituting the location of IKVM.GNU.Classpath.dll on your system if necessary:<br/>
<br/>
<code>ikvmc -reference:/usr/lib/IKVM.GNU.Classpath.dll hello.jar</code>
</note>
<p>After the command completes, you should find a hello.exe file in the current directory. To execute it:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Windows / .NET Framework:</strong>
<p>Try running hello.exe. If you get a FileNotFound exception when the .NET runtime attempts to load the referenced
IKVM.GNU.Classpath.dll, remember that the .NET framework expects to find referenced dll's in the current
directory or in the Global Assembly Cache. Either <link href="site:install">install the dll's in the
Global Assembly Cache</link>, or copy them to the current directory.</p>
</li>
<li><strong>Linux / Mono:</strong>
<p>Run it using the following command:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> mono hello.exe</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</section>
<anchor id="tutorial_java2net"/>
<section>
<title>Develop a .NET Application in Java</title>
<p>In this section, you will learn the steps needed to develop .NET applications in Java. </p>
<p>To begin, open a command window and navigate to <em>IKVMROOT</em>\samples\usenetapi.
Take a look at ShowDir.java -- this is a Java application that uses the .NET API to display a list of files
in the current directory. Notice the imports at the top -- the package names begin with <code>cli.*</code>. These are not
packages in the Java API; rather, they are "pseudo" packages that map to .NET namespaces.
For more information on this, see the <link href="site:java2net">Developer's Guide</link>.</p>
<p><strong>Step 1: Generate Java stubs</strong></p>
<p>IKVM does not come with a Java compiler, so we will compile ShowDir using a standard Java compiler.
Since Java compilers can only compile applications that use Java API's, not .NET API's, we have to fool the
Java compiler into believing that there is really a Java package named cli.System.IO. The
<link href="site:ikvmstub">ikvmstub</link> application
helps us do this. It generates Java jar files from .NET dll's. The jar files generated by ikvmstub contain Java classes
and interfaces that correspond to .NET classes, but don't contain any real code. They contain just enough to satisfy
the Java compiler, and allow it to type check the Java application.</p>
<p>Type the following:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvmstub mscorlib.dll</code></p>
<p>Note: On a Linux Mono installation, you will have to type the full pathname to mscorlib.dll, like this:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvmstub /usr/lib/mscorlib.dll</code></p>
<p>After the command completes, you should find a file named mscorlib.jar in the current directory.</p>
<p><strong>Step 2: Compile the Java source code</strong></p>
<p>Now, we'll compile the Java source code. If you're using javac, type the following:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> javac -classpath mscorlib.jar ShowDir.java</code></p>
<p>(Substitute <code>jikes</code> for <code>javac</code> if you're using that tool.)</p>
<p>After the command completes, you should find ShowDir.class in the current directory. </p>
<p><strong>Step 3: Generate a .NET executable</strong></p>
<p>Now, we'll convert the Java class file to a .NET application. Type the following:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvmc ShowDir.class</code></p>
<p>Note: On a Linux Mono installation, you will have to add a -reference option, like this:</p>
<p xml:space="preserve"><code> ikvmc -reference:/usr/lib/IKVM.GNU.Classpath.dll ShowDir.class</code></p>
<p>After the command completes, you should find ShowDir.exe in the current directory. You should be able to
execute it successfully. (On Windows .NET, remember to copy the IKVM dll's to the current directory.)</p>
</section>
</body>
</document>
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