path: root/src/libslic3r/GCode.cpp

#include "libslic3r.h"
#include "I18N.hpp"
#include "GCode.hpp"
#include "Exception.hpp"
#include "ExtrusionEntity.hpp"
#include "EdgeGrid.hpp"
#include "Geometry/ConvexHull.hpp"
#include "GCode/FanMover.hpp"
#include "GCode/PrintExtents.hpp"
#include "GCode/Thumbnails.hpp"
#include "GCode/WipeTower.hpp"
#include "ShortestPath.hpp"
#include "PrintConfig.hpp"
#include "Utils.hpp"
#include "ClipperUtils.hpp"
#include "libslic3r.h"
#include "LocalesUtils.hpp"
#include "libslic3r/format.hpp"

#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <chrono>
#include <map>
#include <math.h>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <string_view>

#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string/find.hpp>
#include <boost/foreach.hpp>
#include <boost/filesystem.hpp>
#include <boost/log/trivial.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/core/detail/base64.hpp>
#include <boost/regex.hpp>

#include <boost/nowide/iostream.hpp>
#include <boost/nowide/cstdio.hpp>
#include <boost/nowide/cstdlib.hpp>

#include "SVG.hpp"

#include <tbb/parallel_for.h>

// Intel redesigned some TBB interface considerably when merging TBB with their oneAPI set of libraries, see GH #7332.
// We are using quite an old TBB 2017 U7. Before we update our build servers, let's use the old API, which is deprecated in up to date TBB.
#if ! defined(TBB_VERSION_MAJOR)
    #include <tbb/version.h>
#endif
#if ! defined(TBB_VERSION_MAJOR)
    static_assert(false, "TBB_VERSION_MAJOR not defined");
#endif
#if TBB_VERSION_MAJOR >= 2021
    #include <tbb/parallel_pipeline.h>
    using slic3r_tbb_filtermode = tbb::filter_mode;
#else
    #include <tbb/pipeline.h>
    using slic3r_tbb_filtermode = tbb::filter;
#endif

#include <Shiny/Shiny.h>

using namespace std::literals::string_view_literals;

#if 0
// Enable debugging and asserts, even in the release build.
#define DEBUG
#define _DEBUG
#undef NDEBUG
#endif

#include <assert.h>

namespace Slic3r {

    //! macro used to mark string used at localization,
    //! return same string
#define L(s) (s)
#define _(s) Slic3r::I18N::translate(s)

// Only add a newline in case the current G-code does not end with a newline.
static inline void check_add_eol(std::string& gcode)
{
    if (!gcode.empty() && gcode.back() != '\n')
        gcode += '\n';
}
    

// Return true if tch_prefix is found in custom_gcode
static bool custom_gcode_changes_tool(const std::string& custom_gcode, const std::string& tch_prefix, unsigned next_extruder)
{
bool ok = false;
size_t from_pos = 0;
size_t pos = 0;
while ((pos = custom_gcode.find(tch_prefix, from_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
        if (pos + 1 == custom_gcode.size())
        break;
        from_pos = pos + 1;
    // only whitespace is allowed before the command
    while (--pos < custom_gcode.size() && custom_gcode[pos] != '\n') {
            if (!std::isspace(custom_gcode[pos]))
            goto NEXT;
    }
    {
        // we should also check that the extruder changes to what was expected
        std::istringstream ss(custom_gcode.substr(from_pos, std::string::npos));
        unsigned num = 0;
        if (ss >> num)
            ok = (num == next_extruder);
    }
    NEXT:;
    }
    return ok;
}

double get_default_acceleration(PrintConfig& config) {
    double max = 0;
    max = config.machine_max_acceleration_extruding.get_at(0);
    // on 2.3, check for enable/disable if(config.machine_limits_usage)
    if (config.machine_limits_usage <= MachineLimitsUsage::Limits)
        return std::min(config.get_computed_value("default_acceleration"), max);
    else
        return config.get_computed_value("default_acceleration");
}

double get_travel_acceleration(PrintConfig& config) {
    double max = 0;
    max = config.machine_max_acceleration_travel.get_at(0);
    // on 2.3, check for enable/disable if(config.machine_limits_usage)
    if (config.machine_limits_usage <= MachineLimitsUsage::Limits)
        return std::min(config.get_computed_value("travel_acceleration"), max);
    else
        return config.get_computed_value("travel_acceleration");
}

std::string OozePrevention::pre_toolchange(GCode& gcodegen)
{
    std::string gcode;

    // move to the nearest standby point
    if (!this->standby_points.empty()) {
        // get current position in print coordinates
        Vec3d writer_pos = gcodegen.writer().get_position();
        Point pos = Point::new_scale(writer_pos(0), writer_pos(1));

        // find standby point
        Point standby_point;
        pos.nearest_point(this->standby_points, &standby_point);

        /*  We don't call gcodegen.travel_to() because we don't need retraction (it was already
            triggered by the caller) nor avoid_crossing_perimeters and also because the coordinates
            of the destination point must not be transformed by origin nor current extruder offset.  */
            gcode += gcodegen.writer().travel_to_xy(unscale(standby_point), 0.0, "move to standby position");
    }

    if (gcodegen.config().standby_temperature_delta.value != 0 && gcodegen.writer().tool_is_extruder() && this->_get_temp(gcodegen) > 0) {
        // we assume that heating is always slower than cooling, so no need to block
        gcode += gcodegen.writer().set_temperature
            (this->_get_temp(gcodegen) + gcodegen.config().standby_temperature_delta.value, false, gcodegen.writer().tool()->id());
    }

    return gcode;
}

std::string OozePrevention::post_toolchange(GCode& gcodegen)
{
    if (gcodegen.config().standby_temperature_delta.value != 0 && gcodegen.writer().tool_is_extruder()){
        int temp = this->_get_temp(gcodegen);
        if (temp > 0)
            return gcodegen.writer().set_temperature(temp, true, gcodegen.writer().tool()->id());
    }
    return std::string();
}

int OozePrevention::_get_temp(GCode& gcodegen)
{
    if (gcodegen.writer().tool_is_extruder())
        return (gcodegen.layer() == NULL || gcodegen.layer()->id() == 0) && gcodegen.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(gcodegen.writer().tool()->id()) > 0
            ? gcodegen.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(gcodegen.writer().tool()->id())
            : gcodegen.config().temperature.get_at(gcodegen.writer().tool()->id());
    else
        return 0;
}

std::string Wipe::wipe(GCode& gcodegen, bool toolchange)
{
    std::string gcode;

    /*  Reduce feedrate a bit; travel speed is often too high to move on existing material.
        Too fast = ripping of existing material; too slow = short wipe path, thus more blob.  */
    double wipe_speed = gcodegen.writer().config.get_computed_value("travel_speed") * 0.8;
    if(gcodegen.writer().tool_is_extruder() && gcodegen.writer().config.wipe_speed.get_at(gcodegen.writer().tool()->id()) > 0)
        wipe_speed = gcodegen.writer().config.wipe_speed.get_at(gcodegen.writer().tool()->id());

    // get the retraction length
    double length = gcodegen.writer().tool()->retract_length();
    if (toolchange) {
        length = gcodegen.writer().tool()->retract_length_toolchange();
    } else if (gcodegen.writer().config_region && gcodegen.writer().config_region->print_retract_length.value >= 0) {
        length = gcodegen.writer().config_region->print_retract_length.value;
    }
    // Shorten the retraction length by the amount already retracted before wipe.
    length *= (1. - gcodegen.writer().tool()->retract_before_wipe());

    if (length > 0 && gcodegen.writer().tool()->retract_speed() > 0) {
        /*  Calculate how long we need to travel in order to consume the required
            amount of retraction. In other words, how far do we move in XY at wipe_speed
            for the time needed to consume retract_length at retract_speed?  */
        coordf_t wipe_dist = scale_d(length / gcodegen.writer().tool()->retract_speed() * wipe_speed);

        /*  Take the stored wipe path and replace first point with the current actual position
            (they might be different, for example, in case of loop clipping).  */
        Polyline wipe_path;
        wipe_path.append(gcodegen.last_pos());
        wipe_path.append(
            this->path.points.begin() + 1,
            this->path.points.end()
        );

        wipe_path.clip_end(wipe_path.length() - wipe_dist);

        // subdivide the retraction in segments
            if (!wipe_path.empty()) {
                // add tag for processor
                gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Wipe_Start) + "\n";
            for (const Line& line : wipe_path.lines()) {
                double segment_length = line.length();
                /*  Reduce retraction length a bit to avoid effective retraction speed to be greater than the configured one
                    due to rounding (TODO: test and/or better math for this)  */
                double dE = length * (segment_length / wipe_dist) * 0.95;
                //FIXME one shall not generate the unnecessary G1 Fxxx commands, here wipe_speed is a constant inside this cycle.
                // Is it here for the cooling markers? Or should it be outside of the cycle?
                    gcode += gcodegen.writer().set_speed(wipe_speed, "", gcodegen.enable_cooling_markers() ? ";_WIPE" : "");
                gcode += gcodegen.writer().extrude_to_xy(
                    gcodegen.point_to_gcode(line.b),
                    -dE,
                    "wipe and retract"
                );
            }
                // add tag for processor
                gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Wipe_End) + "\n";
			gcodegen.set_last_pos(wipe_path.points.back());
        }

        // prevent wiping again on same path
        this->reset_path();
    }

    return gcode;
}

//if first layer, ask for a bigger lift for travel to object, to be on the safe side
static inline void set_extra_lift(const float previous_print_z, const int layer_id, const PrintConfig& print_config, GCodeWriter & writer, int extruder_id) {
    //if first layer, ask for a bigger lift for travel to object, to be on the safe side
    double extra_lift_value = 0;
    if (print_config.lift_min.value > 0) {
        double retract_lift = 0;
        //get the current lift (imo, should be given by the writer... i'm duplicating stuff here)
        if(//(previous_print_z == 0 && print_config.retract_lift_above.get_at(writer.tool()->id()) == 0) ||
            print_config.retract_lift_above.get_at(writer.tool()->id()) <= previous_print_z + EPSILON
            || (layer_id == 0 && print_config.retract_lift_first_layer.get_at(writer.tool()->id())))
            retract_lift = writer.tool()->retract_lift();
        // see if it's positive
        if (previous_print_z + extra_lift_value + retract_lift < print_config.lift_min.value) {
            extra_lift_value = print_config.lift_min.value - previous_print_z - retract_lift;
        }
    }
    if(extra_lift_value > 0)
        writer.set_extra_lift(extra_lift_value);
}

    static inline Point wipe_tower_point_to_object_point(GCode &gcodegen, const Vec2f &wipe_tower_pt)
    {
        return Point(scale_(wipe_tower_pt.x() - gcodegen.origin()(0)), scale_(wipe_tower_pt.y() - gcodegen.origin()(1)));
    }

    std::string WipeTowerIntegration::append_tcr(GCode& gcodegen, const WipeTower::ToolChangeResult& tcr, int new_extruder_id, double z) const
    {
        if (new_extruder_id != -1 && new_extruder_id != tcr.new_tool)
            throw Slic3r::InvalidArgument("Error: WipeTowerIntegration::append_tcr was asked to do a toolchange it didn't expect.");

        std::string gcode;

        // tag for fan speed (to not lost it)
        const bool finalize = &tcr == &m_final_purge;
        if (!finalize)
            gcode += ";_STORE_FAN_SPEED_WT\n";

        // Toolchangeresult.gcode assumes the wipe tower corner is at the origin (except for priming lines)
        // We want to rotate and shift all extrusions (gcode postprocessing) and starting and ending position
        float alpha = m_wipe_tower_rotation / 180.f * float(M_PI);

        auto transform_wt_pt = [&alpha, this](const Vec2f& pt) -> Vec2f {
            Vec2f out = Eigen::Rotation2Df(alpha) * pt;
            out += m_wipe_tower_pos;
            return out;
        };

        Vec2f start_pos = tcr.start_pos;
        Vec2f end_pos = tcr.end_pos;
        if (! tcr.priming) {
            start_pos = transform_wt_pt(start_pos);
            end_pos = transform_wt_pt(end_pos);
        }

        Vec2f wipe_tower_offset = tcr.priming ? Vec2f::Zero() : m_wipe_tower_pos;
        float wipe_tower_rotation = tcr.priming ? 0.f : alpha;

        std::string tcr_rotated_gcode = post_process_wipe_tower_moves(tcr, wipe_tower_offset, wipe_tower_rotation);

        bool need_unretract = false;
        if (! tcr.priming) {
            // Move over the wipe tower.
            gcode += gcodegen.retract();
            gcodegen.m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp_once();
            Polyline polyline = gcodegen.travel_to(
                gcode,
                wipe_tower_point_to_object_point(gcodegen, start_pos),
                erMixed);
            gcodegen.write_travel_to(gcode, polyline, "Travel to a Wipe Tower");
            need_unretract = true;
        }

        //if needed, write the gcode_label_objects_end then priming tower, if the retract, didn't did it.
        if (!gcodegen.m_gcode_label_objects_end.empty()) {
            gcode += gcodegen.m_gcode_label_objects_end;
            gcodegen.m_gcode_label_objects_end = "";
        }

        double current_z = gcodegen.writer().get_unlifted_position().z();
        if (z == -1.) // in case no specific z was provided, print at current_z pos
            z = current_z;
        if (! is_approx(z, current_z)) {
            if (!need_unretract)
                gcode += gcodegen.writer().retract();
            gcode += gcodegen.writer().travel_to_z(z, "Travel down to the last wipe tower layer.");
            need_unretract = true;
        }
        // only unretract when travel is finished
        if(need_unretract)
            gcode += gcodegen.unretract();


        // Process the end filament gcode.
        std::string end_filament_gcode_str;
        if (gcodegen.writer().tool() != nullptr && gcodegen.writer().tool_is_extruder()) {
            // Process the custom end_filament_gcode in case of single_extruder_multi_material.
            uint16_t            old_extruder_id     = gcodegen.writer().tool()->id();
            const std::string& end_filament_gcode  = gcodegen.config().end_filament_gcode.get_at(old_extruder_id);
            if (gcodegen.writer().tool() != nullptr && ! end_filament_gcode.empty()) {
                DynamicConfig config;
                int previous_extruder_id = gcodegen.writer().tool() ? (int)gcodegen.writer().tool()->id() : -1;
                config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(previous_extruder_id));
                config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)new_extruder_id));
                config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(gcodegen.m_layer_index));
                config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(tcr.print_z));
                config.set_key_value("toolchange_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(z));
                end_filament_gcode_str = gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("end_filament_gcode", end_filament_gcode, old_extruder_id, &config);
                check_add_eol(end_filament_gcode_str);
            }
        }

        // Process the custom toolchange_gcode. If it is empty, provide a simple Tn command to change the filament.
        // Otherwise, leave control to the user completely.
        std::string toolchange_gcode_str;

        if (tcr.priming || (new_extruder_id >= 0 && gcodegen.writer().need_toolchange(new_extruder_id)))
            toolchange_gcode_str += gcodegen.toolchange(new_extruder_id, tcr.print_z);

        gcodegen.placeholder_parser().set("current_extruder", new_extruder_id);

        // Process the start filament gcode.
        std::string start_filament_gcode_str;
        const std::string& start_filament_gcode = gcodegen.config().start_filament_gcode.get_at(new_extruder_id);
        if (!start_filament_gcode.empty()) {
            // Process the start_filament_gcode for the active filament only.
            DynamicConfig config;
            config.set_key_value("filament_extruder_id", new ConfigOptionInt(new_extruder_id));
            config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(gcodegen.writer().tool() ? (int)gcodegen.writer().tool()->id() : -1));
            config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(new_extruder_id));
            config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(0));
            config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(z));
            start_filament_gcode_str = gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("start_filament_gcode", start_filament_gcode, new_extruder_id, &config);
            check_add_eol(start_filament_gcode_str);
        }

        // Insert the end filament, toolchange, and start filament gcode into the generated gcode.
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("end_filament_gcode",   new ConfigOptionString(end_filament_gcode_str));
        config.set_key_value("toolchange_gcode",     new ConfigOptionString(toolchange_gcode_str));
        config.set_key_value("start_filament_gcode", new ConfigOptionString(start_filament_gcode_str));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(tcr.print_z));
        std::string tcr_gcode, tcr_escaped_gcode = gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("tcr_rotated_gcode", tcr_rotated_gcode, new_extruder_id, &config);
        unescape_string_cstyle(tcr_escaped_gcode, tcr_gcode);
        gcode += tcr_gcode;
        check_add_eol(toolchange_gcode_str);

        // tag for fan speed (to not lost it)
        if (!finalize)
            gcode += ";_RESTORE_FAN_SPEED_WT\n";

        // A phony move to the end position at the wipe tower.
        gcodegen.writer().travel_to_xy(end_pos.cast<double>());
        gcodegen.set_last_pos(wipe_tower_point_to_object_point(gcodegen, end_pos));
        if (!is_approx(z, current_z)) {
            gcode += gcodegen.writer().retract();
            gcode += gcodegen.writer().travel_to_z(current_z, "Travel back up to the topmost object layer.");
            //gcode += gcodegen.writer().unretract(); //why? it's done automatically later, where needed!
        } else {
        // Prepare a future wipe.
            gcodegen.m_wipe.reset_path();
            for (const Vec2f& wipe_pt : tcr.wipe_path)
                gcodegen.m_wipe.path.points.emplace_back(wipe_tower_point_to_object_point(gcodegen, transform_wt_pt(wipe_pt)));
        }

        // Let the planner know we are traveling between objects.
        gcodegen.m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp_once();
        return gcode;
    }

// This function postprocesses gcode_original, rotates and moves all G1 extrusions and returns resulting gcode
// Starting position has to be supplied explicitely (otherwise it would fail in case first G1 command only contained one coordinate)
std::string WipeTowerIntegration::post_process_wipe_tower_moves(const WipeTower::ToolChangeResult& tcr, const Vec2f& translation, float angle) const
{
    Vec2f extruder_offset = m_extruder_offsets[tcr.initial_tool].cast<float>();

    std::istringstream gcode_str(tcr.gcode);
    std::string gcode_out;
    std::string line;
    Vec2f pos = tcr.start_pos;
    Vec2f transformed_pos = pos;
    Vec2f old_pos(-1000.1f, -1000.1f);

    while (gcode_str) {
        std::getline(gcode_str, line);  // we read the gcode line by line

        // All G1 commands should be translated and rotated. X and Y coords are
        // only pushed to the output when they differ from last time.
        // WT generator can override this by appending the never_skip_tag
        if (line.find("G1 ") == 0) {
            bool never_skip = false;
            auto it = line.find(WipeTower::never_skip_tag());
            if (it != std::string::npos) {
                // remove the tag and remember we saw it
                never_skip = true;
                    line.erase(it, it + WipeTower::never_skip_tag().size());
            }
            std::ostringstream line_out;
            std::istringstream line_str(line);
            line_str >> std::noskipws;  // don't skip whitespace
            char ch = 0;
            while (line_str >> ch) {
                if (ch == 'X' || ch == 'Y')
                    line_str >> (ch == 'X' ? pos.x() : pos.y());
                else
                        line_out << ch;
            }

            transformed_pos = Eigen::Rotation2Df(angle) * pos + translation;

            if (transformed_pos != old_pos || never_skip) {
                line = line_out.str();
                std::ostringstream oss;
                oss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3) << "G1 ";
                if (transformed_pos.x() != old_pos.x() || never_skip)
                    oss << " X" << transformed_pos.x() - extruder_offset.x();
                if (transformed_pos.y() != old_pos.y() || never_skip)
                    oss << " Y" << transformed_pos.y() - extruder_offset.y();
                oss << " ";
                line.replace(line.find("G1 "), 3, oss.str());
                old_pos = transformed_pos;
            }
        }

        gcode_out += line + "\n";

        // If this was a toolchange command, we should change current extruder offset
        if (line == "[toolchange_gcode]") {
            extruder_offset = m_extruder_offsets[tcr.new_tool].cast<float>();

            // If the extruder offset changed, add an extra move so everything is continuous
            if (extruder_offset != m_extruder_offsets[tcr.initial_tool].cast<float>()) {
                std::ostringstream oss;
                oss << std::fixed << std::setprecision(3)
                    << "G1 X" << transformed_pos.x() - extruder_offset.x()
                    << " Y"   << transformed_pos.y() - extruder_offset.y()
                    << "\n";
                gcode_out += oss.str();
            }
        }
    }
    return gcode_out;
}


    std::string WipeTowerIntegration::prime(GCode& gcodegen)
    {
        std::string gcode;
        for (const WipeTower::ToolChangeResult& tcr : m_priming) {
            if (! tcr.extrusions.empty())
                gcode += append_tcr(gcodegen, tcr, tcr.new_tool);
        }
        return gcode;
    }

    std::string WipeTowerIntegration::tool_change(GCode& gcodegen, int extruder_id, bool finish_layer)
    {
        std::string gcode;
        assert(m_layer_idx >= 0);
        if (gcodegen.writer().need_toolchange(extruder_id) || finish_layer) {
            if (m_layer_idx < (int)m_tool_changes.size()) {
                if (!(size_t(m_tool_change_idx) < m_tool_changes[m_layer_idx].size()))
                    throw Slic3r::RuntimeError("Wipe tower generation failed, possibly due to empty first layer.");

                // Calculate where the wipe tower layer will be printed. -1 means that print z will not change,
                // resulting in a wipe tower with sparse layers.
                double wipe_tower_z = -1;
                bool ignore_sparse = false;
                if (gcodegen.config().wipe_tower_no_sparse_layers.value) {
                    wipe_tower_z = m_last_wipe_tower_print_z;
                    ignore_sparse = (m_tool_changes[m_layer_idx].size() == 1 && m_tool_changes[m_layer_idx].front().initial_tool == m_tool_changes[m_layer_idx].front().new_tool);
                    if (m_tool_change_idx == 0 && !ignore_sparse)
                        wipe_tower_z = m_last_wipe_tower_print_z + m_tool_changes[m_layer_idx].front().layer_height;
                }

                if (!ignore_sparse) {
                    gcode += append_tcr(gcodegen, m_tool_changes[m_layer_idx][m_tool_change_idx++], extruder_id, wipe_tower_z);
                    m_last_wipe_tower_print_z = wipe_tower_z;
                }
            }
        }
        return gcode;
    }

    // Print is finished. Now it remains to unload the filament safely with ramming over the wipe tower.
    std::string WipeTowerIntegration::finalize(GCode& gcodegen)
    {
        std::string gcode;
        if (std::abs(gcodegen.writer().get_position()(2) - m_final_purge.print_z) > EPSILON)
            gcode += gcodegen.change_layer(m_final_purge.print_z);
        gcode += append_tcr(gcodegen, m_final_purge, -1);
        return gcode;
    }

    const std::vector<std::string> ColorPrintColors::Colors = { "#C0392B", "#E67E22", "#F1C40F", "#27AE60", "#1ABC9C", "#2980B9", "#9B59B6" };

#define EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(OPT,DEF) (m_writer.tool_is_extruder()?m_config.OPT.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()):DEF)
#define BOOL_EXTRUDER_CONFIG(OPT) m_writer.tool_is_extruder() && m_config.OPT.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id())

constexpr float SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET = (-10);

// Collect pairs of object_layer + support_layer sorted by print_z.
// object_layer & support_layer are considered to be on the same print_z, if they are not further than EPSILON.
std::vector<GCode::LayerToPrint> GCode::collect_layers_to_print(const PrintObject& object)
{
    std::vector<GCode::LayerToPrint> layers_to_print;
    layers_to_print.reserve(object.layers().size() + object.support_layers().size());

    /*
    // Calculate a minimum support layer height as a minimum over all extruders, but not smaller than 10um.
    // This is the same logic as in support generator.
    //FIXME should we use the printing extruders instead?
    double gap_over_supports = object.config().support_material_contact_distance_top;
    // FIXME should we test object.config().support_material_synchronize_layers ? IN prusa code, the support layers are synchronized with object layers iff soluble supports.
    //assert(!object.config().object.has_support() || gap_over_supports != 0. || object.config().support_material_synchronize_layers);
    if (gap_over_supports != 0.) {
        gap_over_supports = std::max(0., gap_over_supports);
        // Not a soluble support,
        double support_layer_height_min = 1000000.;
        const ConfigOptionFloatsOrPercents& min_layer_height = object.print()->config().min_layer_height;
        const ConfigOptionFloats& nozzle_diameter = object.print()->config().nozzle_diameter;
        for(int extr_id = 0; extr_id < min_layer_height.values.size(); ++extr_id)
            support_layer_height_min = std::min(support_layer_height_min, std::max(nozzle_diameter.values[extr_id]/40, min_layer_height.get_abs_value(extr_id, nozzle_diameter.values[extr_id])));
        gap_over_supports += support_layer_height_min;
    }*/

    std::vector<std::pair<double, double>> warning_ranges;

    // Pair the object layers with the support layers by z.
    size_t idx_object_layer  = 0;
    size_t idx_support_layer = 0;
    const LayerToPrint* last_extrusion_layer = nullptr;
    while (idx_object_layer < object.layers().size() || idx_support_layer < object.support_layers().size()) {
        LayerToPrint layer_to_print;
        layer_to_print.object_layer = (idx_object_layer < object.layers().size()) ? object.layers()[idx_object_layer++] : nullptr;
        layer_to_print.support_layer = (idx_support_layer < object.support_layers().size()) ? object.support_layers()[idx_support_layer++] : nullptr;
        if (layer_to_print.object_layer && layer_to_print.support_layer) {
            if (layer_to_print.object_layer->print_z < layer_to_print.support_layer->print_z - EPSILON) {
                layer_to_print.support_layer = nullptr;
                --idx_support_layer;
            }
            else if (layer_to_print.support_layer->print_z < layer_to_print.object_layer->print_z - EPSILON) {
                layer_to_print.object_layer = nullptr;
                --idx_object_layer;
            }
        }

        layers_to_print.emplace_back(layer_to_print);

        bool has_extrusions = (layer_to_print.object_layer && layer_to_print.object_layer->has_extrusions())
            || (layer_to_print.support_layer && layer_to_print.support_layer->has_extrusions());

        // Check that there are extrusions on the very first layer. The case with empty
        // first layer may result in skirt/brim in the air and maybe other issues.
        if (layers_to_print.size() == 1u && !object.print()->config().allow_empty_layers.value) {
            if (!has_extrusions)
                throw Slic3r::SlicingError(_(L("There is an object with no extrusions in the first layer.")) + "\n" +
                                           _(L("Object name")) + ": " + object.model_object()->name);
        }

        // In case there are extrusions on this layer, check there is a layer to lay it on.
        if ((layer_to_print.object_layer && layer_to_print.object_layer->has_extrusions())
            // Allow empty support layers, as the support generator may produce no extrusions for non-empty support regions.
         || (layer_to_print.support_layer /* && layer_to_print.support_layer->has_extrusions() */)) {
            //check for max nozzle diameter
            const std::vector<double>& nozzle_diameters = object.print()->config().nozzle_diameter.values;
            std::set<uint16_t> exctruder_ids = object.object_extruders();
            double max_nozzle = 0;
            for (uint16_t id : exctruder_ids) {
                max_nozzle = std::max(max_nozzle, nozzle_diameters[id]);
            }
            if (max_nozzle == 0)
                max_nozzle = nozzle_diameters.front();

            double top_cd = object.config().support_material_contact_distance.get_abs_value(max_nozzle);
            double bottom_cd = object.config().support_material_bottom_contact_distance.value == 0. ? top_cd : object.config().support_material_bottom_contact_distance.get_abs_value(max_nozzle);

            double extra_gap = (layer_to_print.support_layer ? bottom_cd : top_cd);

            double maximal_print_z = (last_extrusion_layer ? last_extrusion_layer->print_z() : 0.)
                + layer_to_print.layer()->height
                + std::max(0., extra_gap);
            // Negative support_contact_z is not taken into account, it can result in false positives in cases
            // where previous layer has object extrusions too (https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/2752)

            if (has_extrusions && !object.print()->config().allow_empty_layers && layer_to_print.print_z() > maximal_print_z + 2. * EPSILON)
                warning_ranges.emplace_back(std::make_pair((last_extrusion_layer ? last_extrusion_layer->print_z() : 0.), layers_to_print.back().print_z()));
        }
        // Remember last layer with extrusions.
        if (has_extrusions)
            last_extrusion_layer = &layers_to_print.back();
    }

    if (! warning_ranges.empty()) {
        std::string warning;
        size_t i = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < std::min(warning_ranges.size(), size_t(3)); ++i)
            warning += Slic3r::format(_(L("Empty layer between %1% and %2%.")),
                                      warning_ranges[i].first, warning_ranges[i].second) + "\n";
        if (i < warning_ranges.size())
            warning += _(L("(Some lines not shown)")) + "\n";
        warning += "\n";
        warning += Slic3r::format(_(L("Object name: %1%")), object.model_object()->name) + "\n\n"
            + _(L("Make sure the object is printable. This is usually caused by negligibly small extrusions or by a faulty model. "
                "Try to repair the model or change its orientation on the bed."));

        const_cast<Print*>(object.print())->active_step_add_warning(
            PrintStateBase::WarningLevel::CRITICAL, warning);
    }

    return layers_to_print;
}

// Prepare for non-sequential printing of multiple objects: Support resp. object layers with nearly identical print_z
// will be printed for  all objects at once.
// Return a list of <print_z, per object LayerToPrint> items.
std::vector<std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<GCode::LayerToPrint>>> GCode::collect_layers_to_print(const Print& print)
{
    struct OrderingItem {
        coordf_t    print_z;
        size_t      object_idx;
        size_t      layer_idx;
    };

    std::vector<std::vector<LayerToPrint>>  per_object(print.objects().size(), std::vector<LayerToPrint>());
    std::vector<OrderingItem>               ordering;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < print.objects().size(); ++i) {
        per_object[i] = collect_layers_to_print(*print.objects()[i]);
        OrderingItem ordering_item;
        ordering_item.object_idx = i;
        ordering.reserve(ordering.size() + per_object[i].size());
        const LayerToPrint& front = per_object[i].front();
        for (const LayerToPrint& ltp : per_object[i]) {
            ordering_item.print_z   = ltp.print_z();
            ordering_item.layer_idx = &ltp - &front;
            ordering.emplace_back(ordering_item);
        }
    }

    std::sort(ordering.begin(), ordering.end(), [](const OrderingItem& oi1, const OrderingItem& oi2) { return oi1.print_z < oi2.print_z; });

    std::vector<std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<LayerToPrint>>> layers_to_print;

    // Merge numerically very close Z values.
    for (size_t i = 0; i < ordering.size();) {
        // Find the last layer with roughly the same print_z.
        size_t j = i + 1;
        coordf_t zmax = ordering[i].print_z + EPSILON;
        for (; j < ordering.size() && ordering[j].print_z <= zmax; ++j);
        // Merge into layers_to_print.
        std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<LayerToPrint>> merged;
        // Assign an average print_z to the set of layers with nearly equal print_z.
        merged.first = 0.5 * (ordering[i].print_z + ordering[j - 1].print_z);
        merged.second.assign(print.objects().size(), LayerToPrint());
        for (; i < j; ++ i) {
            const OrderingItem& oi = ordering[i];
            assert(merged.second[oi.object_idx].layer() == nullptr);
            merged.second[oi.object_idx] = std::move(per_object[oi.object_idx][oi.layer_idx]);
        }
        layers_to_print.emplace_back(std::move(merged));
    }

    return layers_to_print;
}

// free functions called by GCode::do_export()
namespace DoExport {
//    static void update_print_estimated_times_stats(const GCodeProcessor& processor, PrintStatistics& print_statistics)
//    {
//        const GCodeProcessorResult& result = processor.get_result();
//        print_statistics.estimated_normal_print_time = get_time_dhms(result.print_statistics.modes[static_cast<size_t>(PrintEstimatedStatistics::ETimeMode::Normal)].time);
//        print_statistics.estimated_silent_print_time = processor.is_stealth_time_estimator_enabled() ?
//            get_time_dhms(result.print_statistics.modes[static_cast<size_t>(PrintEstimatedStatistics::ETimeMode::Stealth)].time) : "N/A";
//    }

    static void update_print_estimated_stats(const GCodeProcessor& processor, const std::vector<Extruder>& extruders, const PrintConfig& config, PrintStatistics& print_statistics)
    {
        const GCodeProcessorResult& result = processor.get_result();
        print_statistics.estimated_normal_print_time = get_time_dhms(result.print_statistics.modes[static_cast<size_t>(PrintEstimatedStatistics::ETimeMode::Normal)].time);
        print_statistics.estimated_silent_print_time = processor.is_stealth_time_estimator_enabled() ?
            get_time_dhms(result.print_statistics.modes[static_cast<size_t>(PrintEstimatedStatistics::ETimeMode::Stealth)].time) : "N/A";

        // update filament statictics
        double total_extruded_volume = 0.0;
        double total_used_filament   = 0.0;
        double total_weight          = 0.0;
        double total_cost            = 0.0;
        for (auto volume : result.print_statistics.volumes_per_extruder) {
            total_extruded_volume += volume.second;

            size_t extruder_id = volume.first;
            auto extruder = std::find_if(extruders.begin(), extruders.end(), [extruder_id](const Extruder& extr) { return extr.id() == extruder_id; });
            if (extruder == extruders.end())
                continue;

            double s = PI * sqr(0.5* extruder->filament_diameter());
            double weight = volume.second * extruder->filament_density() * 0.001;
            total_used_filament += volume.second/s;
            total_weight        += weight;
            total_cost          += weight * extruder->filament_cost() * 0.001;
        }
        total_cost += config.time_cost.value * (processor.get_time(PrintEstimatedStatistics::ETimeMode::Normal) / 3600.f);

        print_statistics.total_extruded_volume = total_extruded_volume;
        print_statistics.total_used_filament   = total_used_filament;
        print_statistics.total_weight          = total_weight;
        print_statistics.total_cost            = total_cost;

        print_statistics.filament_stats        = result.print_statistics.volumes_per_extruder;
    }

    // if any reserved keyword is found, returns a std::vector containing the first MAX_COUNT keywords found
    // into pairs containing:
    // first: source
    // second: keyword
    // to be shown in the warning notification
    // The returned vector is empty if no keyword has been found
    static std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> validate_custom_gcode(const Print& print) {
        static const unsigned int MAX_TAGS_COUNT = 5;
        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> ret;

        auto check = [&ret](const std::string& source, const std::string& gcode) {
            std::vector<std::string> tags;
            if (GCodeProcessor::contains_reserved_tags(gcode, MAX_TAGS_COUNT, tags)) {
                if (!tags.empty()) {
                    size_t i = 0;
                    while (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT && i < tags.size()) {
                        ret.push_back({ source, tags[i] });
                        ++i;
                    }
                }
            }
        };

        const GCodeConfig& config = print.config();
        check(_(L("Start G-code")), config.start_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("End G-code")), config.end_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Before layer change G-code")), config.before_layer_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("After layer change G-code")), config.layer_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Extrusion type change G-code")), config.feature_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Tool change G-code")), config.toolchange_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Between objects G-code (for sequential printing)")), config.between_objects_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Color Change G-code")), config.color_change_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Pause Print G-code")), config.pause_print_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) check(_(L("Template Custom G-code")), config.template_custom_gcode.value);
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) {
            for (const std::string& value : config.start_filament_gcode.values) {
                check(_(L("Filament Start G-code")), value);
                if (ret.size() == MAX_TAGS_COUNT)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) {
            for (const std::string& value : config.end_filament_gcode.values) {
                check(_(L("Filament End G-code")), value);
                if (ret.size() == MAX_TAGS_COUNT)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) {
            for (const std::string& value : print.config().milling_toolchange_start_gcode.values) {
                check(_(L("Milling Start G-code")), value);
                if (ret.size() == MAX_TAGS_COUNT)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) {
            for (const std::string& value : print.config().milling_toolchange_end_gcode.values) {
                check(_(L("Milling End G-code")), value);
                if (ret.size() == MAX_TAGS_COUNT)
                    break;
            }
        }
        if (ret.size() < MAX_TAGS_COUNT) {
            const CustomGCode::Info& custom_gcode_per_print_z = print.model().custom_gcode_per_print_z;
            for (const auto& gcode : custom_gcode_per_print_z.gcodes) {
                check(_(L("Custom G-code")), gcode.extra);
                if (ret.size() == MAX_TAGS_COUNT)
                    break;
            }
        }

        return ret;
    }
} // namespace DoExport

void GCode::do_export(Print* print, const char* path, GCodeProcessorResult* result, ThumbnailsGeneratorCallback thumbnail_cb)
{
    PROFILE_CLEAR();

    CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;

    // Does the file exist? If so, we hope that it is still valid.
    if (print->is_step_done(psGCodeExport) && boost::filesystem::exists(boost::filesystem::path(path)))
        return;

    print->set_started(psGCodeExport);

    // check if any custom gcode contains keywords used by the gcode processor to
    // produce time estimation and gcode toolpaths
    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> validation_res = DoExport::validate_custom_gcode(*print);
    if (!validation_res.empty()) {
        std::string reports;
        for (const auto& [source, keyword] : validation_res) {
            reports += source + ": \"" + keyword + "\"\n";
        }
        print->active_step_add_warning(PrintStateBase::WarningLevel::NON_CRITICAL,
            _(L("In the custom G-code were found reserved keywords:")) + "\n" +
            reports +
            _(L("This may cause problems in g-code visualization and printing time estimation.")));
    }

    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Exporting G-code..." << log_memory_info();

    // Remove the old g-code if it exists.
    boost::nowide::remove(path);

    std::string path_tmp(path);
    path_tmp += ".tmp";

    m_processor.initialize(path_tmp);
    GCodeOutputStream file(boost::nowide::fopen(path_tmp.c_str(), "wb"), m_processor, *this);
    if (! file.is_open())
        throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(std::string("G-code export to ") + path + " failed.\nCannot open the file for writing.\n");

    try {
        m_placeholder_parser.reset();
        m_placeholder_parser_failed_templates.clear();
        this->_do_export(*print, file, thumbnail_cb);
        file.flush();
        if (file.is_error()) {
            file.close();
            boost::nowide::remove(path_tmp.c_str());
            throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(std::string("G-code export to ") + path + " failed\nIs the disk full?\n");
        }
    } catch (std::exception & /* ex */) {
        // Rethrow on any exception. std::runtime_exception and CanceledException are expected to be thrown.
        // Close and remove the file.
        file.close();
        boost::nowide::remove(path_tmp.c_str());
        throw;
    }
    file.close();

    if (! m_placeholder_parser_failed_templates.empty()) {
        // G-code export proceeded, but some of the PlaceholderParser substitutions failed.
        //FIXME localize!
        std::string msg = std::string("G-code export to ") + path + " failed due to invalid custom G-code sections:\n\n";
        for (const auto &name_and_error : m_placeholder_parser_failed_templates)
            msg += name_and_error.first + "\n" + name_and_error.second + "\n";
        msg += "\nPlease inspect the file ";
        msg += path_tmp + " for error messages enclosed between\n";
        msg += "        !!!!! Failed to process the custom G-code template ...\n";
        msg += "and\n";
        msg += "        !!!!! End of an error report for the custom G-code template ...\n";
        msg += "for all macro processing errors.";
        throw Slic3r::PlaceholderParserError(msg);
    }

    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Start processing gcode, " << log_memory_info();
    // Post-process the G-code to update time stamps.
    m_processor.finalize(true);
//    DoExport::update_print_estimated_times_stats(m_processor, print->m_print_statistics);
    DoExport::update_print_estimated_stats(m_processor, m_writer.extruders(), print->config() ,print->m_print_statistics);
    if (result != nullptr) {
        *result = std::move(m_processor.extract_result());
        // set the filename to the correct value
        result->filename = path;
    }
    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(debug) << "Finished processing gcode, " << log_memory_info();

    if (rename_file(path_tmp, path)) {
        std::string err_msg = ("Failed to rename the output G-code file from " + path_tmp + " to " + path + '\n' + "Is " + path_tmp + " locked?" + '\n');
        if (copy_file(path_tmp, path, err_msg, true) != CopyFileResult::SUCCESS)
            throw Slic3r::RuntimeError(err_msg);
    }

    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(info) << "Exporting G-code finished" << log_memory_info();
	print->set_done(psGCodeExport);
    //notify gui that the gcode is ready to be drawed
    print->set_status(100, "", PrintBase::SlicingStatus::DEFAULT | PrintBase::SlicingStatus::SECONDARY_STATE);
    print->set_status(100, L("Gcode done"), PrintBase::SlicingStatus::FlagBits::GCODE_ENDED);

    // Write the profiler measurements to file
    PROFILE_UPDATE();
    PROFILE_OUTPUT(debug_out_path("gcode-export-profile.txt").c_str());
}

// free functions called by GCode::_do_export()
namespace DoExport {

    class ExtrusionMinMM : public ExtrusionVisitorConst {
        double min = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
        std::unordered_set<ExtrusionRole> excluded;
    public:
        ExtrusionMinMM(const ConfigBase* config) {
            excluded.insert(erIroning);
            excluded.insert(erMilling);
            excluded.insert(erCustom);
            excluded.insert(erMixed);
            excluded.insert(erNone);
            excluded.insert(erWipeTower);
            if (config->option("perimeter_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("perimeter_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erPerimeter);
            if (config->option("external_perimeter_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("external_perimeter_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erExternalPerimeter);
            if (config->option("overhangs_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("overhangs_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erOverhangPerimeter);
            if (config->option("gap_fill_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("gap_fill_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erGapFill);
            if (config->option("thin_walls_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("thin_walls_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erThinWall);
            if (config->option("infill_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("infill_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erInternalInfill);
            if (config->option("solid_infill_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("solid_infill_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erSolidInfill);
            if (config->option("top_solid_infill_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("top_solid_infill_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erTopSolidInfill);
            if (config->option("bridge_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("bridge_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erBridgeInfill);
            if (config->option("bridge_speed_internal") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("bridge_speed_internal") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erInternalBridgeInfill);
            if (config->option("support_material_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("support_material_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erSupportMaterial);
            if (config->option("support_material_interface_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("support_material_interface_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erSupportMaterialInterface);
            if (config->option("brim_speed") != nullptr && config->get_computed_value("brim_speed") != 0)
                excluded.insert(erSkirt);
        }
        virtual void use(const ExtrusionPath& path) override {
            if (excluded.find(path.role()) == excluded.end())
                min = std::min(min, path.mm3_per_mm);
        }
        virtual void use(const ExtrusionPath3D& path3D) override {
            if (excluded.find(path3D.role()) == excluded.end())
                min = std::min(min, path3D.mm3_per_mm);
        }
        virtual void use(const ExtrusionMultiPath& multipath) override {
            for (const ExtrusionPath& path : multipath.paths)
                use(path);
        }
        virtual void use(const ExtrusionMultiPath3D& multipath) override {
            for (const ExtrusionPath& path : multipath.paths)
                use(path);
        }
        virtual void use(const ExtrusionLoop& loop) override {
            for (const ExtrusionPath& path : loop.paths)
                use(path);
        }
        virtual void use(const ExtrusionEntityCollection& collection) override {
            for (const ExtrusionEntity* entity : collection.entities())
                entity->visit(*this);
        }
        double reset_use_get(const ExtrusionEntityCollection entity) { reset(); use(entity); return get(); }
        double get() { return min; }
        void reset() { min = std::numeric_limits<double>::max(); }
        //test if at least a ExtrusionRole from tests is used for min computation
        bool is_compatible(std::initializer_list<ExtrusionRole> tests) { 
            for (ExtrusionRole test : tests)
                if (excluded.find(test) == excluded.end())
                    return true;
            return false;
        }
    };

    static void init_gcode_processor(const PrintConfig& config, GCodeProcessor& processor, bool& silent_time_estimator_enabled)
    {
        silent_time_estimator_enabled = (config.gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinLegacy || config.gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinFirmware)
                                        && config.silent_mode;
        processor.reset();
        processor.apply_config(config);
        processor.enable_stealth_time_estimator(silent_time_estimator_enabled);
    }

	static double autospeed_volumetric_limit(const Print &print)
	{
        ExtrusionMinMM compute_min_mm3_per_mm{ &print.full_print_config() };
	    // get the minimum cross-section used in the print
	    std::vector<double> mm3_per_mm;
	    for (auto object : print.objects()) {
	        for (size_t region_id = 0; region_id < object->num_printing_regions(); ++ region_id) {
	            const PrintRegion &region = object->printing_region(region_id);
	            for (auto layer : object->layers()) {
	                const LayerRegion* layerm = layer->regions()[region_id];
                    if (compute_min_mm3_per_mm.is_compatible({ erPerimeter, erExternalPerimeter, erOverhangPerimeter }))
                        mm3_per_mm.push_back(compute_min_mm3_per_mm.reset_use_get(layerm->perimeters));
                    if (compute_min_mm3_per_mm.is_compatible({ erInternalInfill, erSolidInfill, erTopSolidInfill,erBridgeInfill,erInternalBridgeInfill }))
                        mm3_per_mm.push_back(compute_min_mm3_per_mm.reset_use_get(layerm->fills));
	            }
	        }
            if (compute_min_mm3_per_mm.is_compatible({ erSupportMaterial, erSupportMaterialInterface }))
	            for (auto layer : object->support_layers())
                    mm3_per_mm.push_back(compute_min_mm3_per_mm.reset_use_get(layer->support_fills));
	    }
        if (compute_min_mm3_per_mm.is_compatible({ erSkirt })) {
            mm3_per_mm.push_back(compute_min_mm3_per_mm.reset_use_get(print.skirt()));
            if(print.skirt_first_layer())
                mm3_per_mm.push_back(compute_min_mm3_per_mm.reset_use_get(*print.skirt_first_layer()));
            mm3_per_mm.push_back(compute_min_mm3_per_mm.reset_use_get(print.brim()));
        }
	    // filter out 0-width segments
	    mm3_per_mm.erase(std::remove_if(mm3_per_mm.begin(), mm3_per_mm.end(), [](double v) { return v < 0.000001; }), mm3_per_mm.end());
	    double volumetric_speed = 0.;
	    if (! mm3_per_mm.empty()) {
	        // In order to honor max_print_speed we need to find a target volumetric
	        // speed that we can use throughout the print. So we define this target 
	        // volumetric speed as the volumetric speed produced by printing the 
	        // smallest cross-section at the maximum speed: any larger cross-section
	        // will need slower feedrates.
	        volumetric_speed = *std::min_element(mm3_per_mm.begin(), mm3_per_mm.end()) * print.config().max_print_speed.value;
	        // limit such volumetric speed with max_volumetric_speed if set
	        if (print.config().max_volumetric_speed.value > 0)
	            volumetric_speed = std::min(volumetric_speed, print.config().max_volumetric_speed.value);
	    }
	    return volumetric_speed;
	}


	static void init_ooze_prevention(const Print &print, OozePrevention &ooze_prevention)
	{
	    // Calculate wiping points if needed
	    if (print.config().ooze_prevention.value && ! print.config().single_extruder_multi_material) {
	        Points skirt_points;
	        for (const ExtrusionEntity *ee : print.skirt().entities())
	            for (const ExtrusionPath &path : dynamic_cast<const ExtrusionLoop*>(ee)->paths)
	                append(skirt_points, path.polyline.points);
	        if (! skirt_points.empty()) {
	            Polygon outer_skirt = Slic3r::Geometry::convex_hull(skirt_points);
	            Polygons skirts;
	            for (uint16_t extruder_id : print.extruders()) {
	                const Vec2d &extruder_offset = print.config().extruder_offset.get_at(extruder_id);
	                Polygon s(outer_skirt);
	                s.translate(Point::new_scale(-extruder_offset(0), -extruder_offset(1)));
	                skirts.emplace_back(std::move(s));
	            }
	            ooze_prevention.enable = true;
	            ooze_prevention.standby_points = offset(Slic3r::Geometry::convex_hull(skirts), float(scale_(3.))).front().equally_spaced_points(float(scale_(10.)));
	#if 0
	                require "Slic3r/SVG.pm";
	                Slic3r::SVG::output(
	                    "ooze_prevention.svg",
	                    red_polygons    => \@skirts,
	                    polygons        => [$outer_skirt],
	                    points          => $gcodegen->ooze_prevention->standby_points,
	                );
	#endif
	        }
	    }
	}

	// Fill in print_statistics and return formatted string containing filament statistics to be inserted into G-code comment section.
	static std::string update_print_stats_and_format_filament_stats(
	    const bool                   has_wipe_tower,
	    const WipeTowerData         &wipe_tower_data,
        const FullPrintConfig       &config,
	    const std::vector<Extruder> &extruders,
        unsigned int                 initial_extruder_id,
		PrintStatistics 		    &print_statistics)
	{
		std::string filament_stats_string_out;

	    print_statistics.clear();
	    print_statistics.total_toolchanges = std::max(0, wipe_tower_data.number_of_toolchanges);
        print_statistics.initial_extruder_id = initial_extruder_id;
        std::vector<std::string> filament_types;
	    if (! extruders.empty()) {
	        std::pair<std::string, unsigned int> out_filament_used_mm ("; filament used [mm] = ", 0);
	        std::pair<std::string, unsigned int> out_filament_used_cm3("; filament used [cm3] = ", 0);
	        std::pair<std::string, unsigned int> out_filament_used_g  ("; filament used [g] = ", 0);
	        std::pair<std::string, unsigned int> out_filament_cost    ("; filament cost = ", 0);
	        for (const Extruder &extruder : extruders) {
                print_statistics.printing_extruders.emplace_back(extruder.id());
                filament_types.emplace_back(config.filament_type.get_at(extruder.id()));

	            double used_filament   = extruder.used_filament() + (has_wipe_tower ? wipe_tower_data.used_filament[extruder.id()] : 0.f);
	            double extruded_volume = extruder.extruded_volume() + (has_wipe_tower ? wipe_tower_data.used_filament[extruder.id()] * 2.4052f : 0.f); // assumes 1.75mm filament diameter
	            double filament_weight = extruded_volume * extruder.filament_density() * 0.001;
	            double filament_cost   = filament_weight * extruder.filament_cost()    * 0.001;
                auto append = [&extruder](std::pair<std::string, unsigned int> &dst, const char *tmpl, double value) {
                    assert(is_decimal_separator_point());
	                while (dst.second < extruder.id()) {
	                    // Fill in the non-printing extruders with zeros.
	                    dst.first += (dst.second > 0) ? ", 0" : "0";
	                    ++ dst.second;
	                }
	                if (dst.second > 0)
	                    dst.first += ", ";
	                char buf[64];
					sprintf(buf, tmpl, value);
	                dst.first += buf;
	                ++ dst.second;
	            };
	            append(out_filament_used_mm,  "%.2lf", used_filament);
	            append(out_filament_used_cm3, "%.2lf", extruded_volume * 0.001);
	            if (filament_weight > 0.) {
	                print_statistics.total_weight = print_statistics.total_weight + filament_weight;
	                append(out_filament_used_g, "%.2lf", filament_weight);
	                if (filament_cost > 0.) {
	                    print_statistics.total_cost = print_statistics.total_cost + filament_cost;
	                    append(out_filament_cost, "%.2lf", filament_cost);
	                }
	            }
	            print_statistics.total_used_filament += used_filament;
	            print_statistics.total_extruded_volume += extruded_volume;
	            print_statistics.total_wipe_tower_filament += has_wipe_tower ? used_filament - extruder.used_filament() : 0.;
	            print_statistics.total_wipe_tower_cost += has_wipe_tower ? (extruded_volume - extruder.extruded_volume())* extruder.filament_density() * 0.001 * extruder.filament_cost() * 0.001 : 0.;
	        }
	        filament_stats_string_out += out_filament_used_mm.first;
            filament_stats_string_out += "\n" + out_filament_used_cm3.first;
            if (out_filament_used_g.second)
                filament_stats_string_out += "\n" + out_filament_used_g.first;
            if (out_filament_cost.second)
                filament_stats_string_out += "\n" + out_filament_cost.first;
            print_statistics.initial_filament_type = config.filament_type.get_at(initial_extruder_id);
            std::sort(filament_types.begin(), filament_types.end());
            print_statistics.printing_filament_types = filament_types.front();
            for (size_t i = 1; i < filament_types.size(); ++ i) {
                print_statistics.printing_filament_types += ",";
                print_statistics.printing_filament_types += filament_types[i];
            }
        }
        return filament_stats_string_out;
    }
}


// Sort the PrintObjects by their increasing Z, likely useful for avoiding colisions on Deltas during sequential prints.
static inline std::vector<const PrintInstance*> sort_object_instances_by_max_z(const Print& print)
{
    std::vector<const PrintObject*> objects(print.objects().begin(), print.objects().end());
    std::sort(objects.begin(), objects.end(), [](const PrintObject* po1, const PrintObject* po2) { return po1->height() < po2->height(); });
    std::vector<const PrintInstance*> instances;
    instances.reserve(objects.size());
    for (const PrintObject* object : objects)
        for (size_t i = 0; i < object->instances().size(); ++i)
            instances.emplace_back(&object->instances()[i]);
    return instances;
}


// Sort the PrintObjects by their increasing Y, likely useful for avoiding colisions on printer with a x-bar during sequential prints.
static inline std::vector<const PrintInstance*> sort_object_instances_by_max_y(const Print& print)
{
    std::vector<const PrintObject*> objects(print.objects().begin(), print.objects().end());
    std::sort(objects.begin(), objects.end(), [](const PrintObject* po1, const PrintObject* po2) { return po1->height() < po2->height(); });
    std::vector<const PrintInstance*> instances;
    instances.reserve(objects.size());
    std::map<const PrintInstance*, coord_t> map_min_y;
    for (const PrintObject* object : objects) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < object->instances().size(); ++i) {
            instances.emplace_back(&object->instances()[i]);
            // Calculate the convex hull of a printable object. 
            Polygon poly = object->model_object()->convex_hull_2d(
                Geometry::assemble_transform(Vec3d::Zero(),
                    object->instances()[i].model_instance->get_rotation(), 
                    object->instances()[i].model_instance->get_scaling_factor(), 
                    object->instances()[i].model_instance->get_mirror()));
            poly.translate(object->instances()[i].shift - object->center_offset());
            coord_t min_y = poly.first_point().y();
            for (const Point& point : poly.points)
                if (point.y() < min_y)
                    min_y = point.y();
            map_min_y[instances.back()] = min_y;
        }
    }
    std::sort(instances.begin(), instances.end(), [&map_min_y](const PrintInstance* po1, const PrintInstance* po2) { return map_min_y[po1] < map_min_y[po2]; });
    return instances;
}

// Produce a vector of PrintObjects in the order of their respective ModelObjects in print.model().
std::vector<const PrintInstance*> sort_object_instances_by_model_order(const Print& print)
{
    // Build up map from ModelInstance* to PrintInstance*
    std::vector<std::pair<const ModelInstance*, const PrintInstance*>> model_instance_to_print_instance;
    model_instance_to_print_instance.reserve(print.num_object_instances());
    for (const PrintObject *print_object : print.objects())
        for (const PrintInstance &print_instance : print_object->instances())
            model_instance_to_print_instance.emplace_back(print_instance.model_instance, &print_instance);
    std::sort(model_instance_to_print_instance.begin(), model_instance_to_print_instance.end(), [](auto &l, auto &r) { return l.first < r.first; });

    std::vector<const PrintInstance*> instances;
    instances.reserve(model_instance_to_print_instance.size());
    for (const ModelObject *model_object : print.model().objects)
        for (const ModelInstance *model_instance : model_object->instances) {
            auto it = std::lower_bound(model_instance_to_print_instance.begin(), model_instance_to_print_instance.end(), std::make_pair(model_instance, nullptr), [](auto &l, auto &r) { return l.first < r.first; });
            if (it != model_instance_to_print_instance.end() && it->first == model_instance)
                instances.emplace_back(it->second);
        }
    return instances;
}

// set standby temp for extruders
// Parse the custom G-code, try to find T, and add it if not present
void GCode::_init_multiextruders(Print& print, GCodeOutputStream& file, GCodeWriter & writer,  ToolOrdering &tool_ordering, const std::string &custom_gcode )
{

    //set standby temp for reprap
    if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfRepRap}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0) {
        for (uint16_t tool_id : tool_ordering.all_extruders()) {
            int standby_temp = int(print.config().temperature.get_at(tool_id));
            if (standby_temp > 0) {
                if (print.config().ooze_prevention.value)
                    standby_temp += print.config().standby_temperature_delta.value;
                file.write_format("G10 P%d R%d ; sets the standby temperature\n",
                    tool_id,
                    standby_temp);
            }
        }
    }
}

void GCode::_do_export(Print& print, GCodeOutputStream &file, ThumbnailsGeneratorCallback thumbnail_cb)
{
    PROFILE_FUNC();

    //apply print config to m_config and m_writer, so we don't have to use print.config() instead
    // (and mostly to make m_writer.preamble() works)
    this->apply_print_config(print.config());

    // modifies m_silent_time_estimator_enabled
    DoExport::init_gcode_processor(print.config(), m_processor, m_silent_time_estimator_enabled);

    //klipper can hide gcode into a macro, so add guessed init gcode to the processor.
    if (this->config().start_gcode_manual) {
        std::string gcode = m_writer.preamble();
        m_processor.process_string(gcode, [&print]() { print.throw_if_canceled(); });
    }

    if (! print.config().gcode_substitutions.values.empty()) {
        m_find_replace = make_unique<GCodeFindReplace>(print.config());
        file.set_find_replace(m_find_replace.get(), false);
    }

    // resets analyzer's tracking data
    m_last_height  = 0.f;
    m_last_layer_z = 0.f;
    m_max_layer_z  = 0.f;
    m_last_width = 0.f;
#if ENABLE_GCODE_VIEWER_DATA_CHECKING
    m_last_mm3_per_mm = 0.;
#endif // ENABLE_GCODE_VIEWER_DATA_CHECKING
    m_fan_mover.release();

    print.m_print_statistics.color_extruderid_to_used_filament.clear();
    print.m_print_statistics.color_extruderid_to_used_weight.clear();

    // How many times will be change_layer() called?
    // change_layer() in turn increments the progress bar status.
    m_layer_count = 0;
    if (print.config().complete_objects.value) {
        // Add each of the object's layers separately.
        for (auto object : print.objects()) {
            std::vector<coordf_t> zs;
            zs.reserve(object->layers().size() + object->support_layers().size());
            for (auto layer : object->layers())
                zs.push_back(layer->print_z);
            for (auto layer : object->support_layers())
                zs.push_back(layer->print_z);
            std::sort(zs.begin(), zs.end());
            m_layer_count += (uint32_t)(object->instances().size() * (std::unique(zs.begin(), zs.end()) - zs.begin()));
        }
    } else {
        // Print all objects with the same print_z together.
        std::vector<coordf_t> zs;
        for (auto object : print.objects()) {
            zs.reserve(zs.size() + object->layers().size() + object->support_layers().size());
            for (auto layer : object->layers())
                zs.push_back(layer->print_z);
            for (auto layer : object->support_layers())
                zs.push_back(layer->print_z);
        }
        std::sort(zs.begin(), zs.end());
        m_layer_count = (uint32_t)(std::unique(zs.begin(), zs.end()) - zs.begin());
    }
    print.throw_if_canceled();

    m_enable_cooling_markers = true;

    m_volumetric_speed = DoExport::autospeed_volumetric_limit(print);
    print.throw_if_canceled();

    if (print.config().spiral_vase.value)
        m_spiral_vase = make_unique<SpiralVase>(print.config());
#ifdef HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER
    if (print.config().max_volumetric_extrusion_rate_slope_positive.value > 0 ||
        print.config().max_volumetric_extrusion_rate_slope_negative.value > 0)
        m_pressure_equalizer = make_unique<PressureEqualizer>(&print.config());
    m_enable_extrusion_role_markers = (bool)m_pressure_equalizer;
#else /* HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER */
    m_enable_extrusion_role_markers = false;
#endif /* HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER */

    // Write information on the generator.
    file.write_format("; %s\n\n", Slic3r::header_slic3r_generated().c_str());


    //print thumbnails at the start unless requested at the end.
    const ConfigOptionBool* thumbnails_end_file = print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionBool>("thumbnails_end_file");
    if(!thumbnails_end_file || !thumbnails_end_file->value) {
        const ConfigOptionBool* thumbnails_with_bed = print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionBool>("thumbnails_with_bed");
        const ConfigOptionEnum<GCodeThumbnailsFormat>* thumbnails_format = print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionEnum<GCodeThumbnailsFormat>>("thumbnails_format");
        GCodeThumbnails::export_thumbnails_to_file(thumbnail_cb,
            print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionPoints>("thumbnails")->values,
            thumbnails_with_bed == nullptr ? false : thumbnails_with_bed->value,
            thumbnails_format ? thumbnails_format->value : GCodeThumbnailsFormat::PNG,
            [&file](const char* sz) { file.write(sz); },
            [&print]() { print.throw_if_canceled(); });
    }

    // Write notes (content of the Print Settings tab -> Notes)
    {
        std::list<std::string> lines;
        boost::split(lines, print.config().notes.value, boost::is_any_of("\n"), boost::token_compress_off);
        for (auto line : lines) {
            // Remove the trailing '\r' from the '\r\n' sequence.
            if (! line.empty() && line.back() == '\r')
                line.pop_back();
            file.write_format("; %s\n", line.c_str());
        }
        if (! lines.empty())
            file.write("\n");
    }
    print.throw_if_canceled();

    // Write some terse information on the slicing parameters.
    const PrintObject *first_object         = print.objects().front();
    const double       layer_height         = first_object->config().layer_height.value;

    const double       first_layer_height   = print.get_first_layer_height();
    for (size_t region_id = 0; region_id < print.num_print_regions(); ++ region_id) {
        const PrintRegion &region = print.get_print_region(region_id);
        file.write_format("; external perimeters extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", region.flow(*first_object, frExternalPerimeter, layer_height).width());
        file.write_format("; perimeters extrusion width = %.2fmm\n",          region.flow(*first_object, frPerimeter,         layer_height).width());
        file.write_format("; infill extrusion width = %.2fmm\n",              region.flow(*first_object, frInfill,            layer_height).width());
        file.write_format("; solid infill extrusion width = %.2fmm\n",        region.flow(*first_object, frSolidInfill,       layer_height).width());
        file.write_format("; top infill extrusion width = %.2fmm\n",          region.flow(*first_object, frTopSolidInfill,    layer_height).width());
//TODO add others
        if (print.has_support_material())
            file.write_format("; support material extrusion width = %.2fmm\n", support_material_flow(first_object).width());
        if (first_object->config().first_layer_extrusion_width.value > 0)
            file.write_format("; first layer extrusion width = %.2fmm\n",   region.flow(*first_object, frPerimeter, first_layer_height, true).width());
        file.write_format("\n");
    }
    BoundingBoxf3 global_bounding_box;
    size_t nb_items = 0;
    for (PrintObject *print_object : print.objects()) {
        this->m_ordered_objects.push_back(print_object);
        uint32_t copy_id = 0;
        for (const PrintInstance &print_instance : print_object->instances()) {
            std::string object_name = print_object->model_object()->name;
            size_t pos_dot = object_name.find(".", 0);
            if (pos_dot != std::string::npos && pos_dot > 0)
                object_name = object_name.substr(0, pos_dot);
            //get bounding box for the instance
            //BoundingBoxf3 raw_bbox = print_object->model_object()->raw_mesh_bounding_box();
            //BoundingBoxf3 bounding_box;// = print_instance.model_instance->transform_bounding_box(raw_bbox);
            BoundingBoxf3 bounding_box = print_object->model_object()->instance_bounding_box(*print_instance.model_instance, false);
            if (global_bounding_box.size().norm() == 0) {
                global_bounding_box = bounding_box;
            } else {
                global_bounding_box.merge(bounding_box);
            }
            if (this->config().gcode_label_objects) {
                file.write_format("; object:{\"name\":\"%s\",\"id\":\"%s id:%d copy %d\",\"object_center\":[%f,%f,%f],\"boundingbox_center\":[%f,%f,%f],\"boundingbox_size\":[%f,%f,%f]}\n",
                    object_name.c_str(), print_object->model_object()->name.c_str(), this->m_ordered_objects.size() - 1, copy_id,
                    bounding_box.center().x(), bounding_box.center().y(), 0.,
                    bounding_box.center().x(), bounding_box.center().y(), bounding_box.center().z(),
                    bounding_box.size().x(), bounding_box.size().y(), bounding_box.size().z()
                );
            }
            copy_id++;
            nb_items++;
        }
    }
    if (this->config().gcode_label_objects && (print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinLegacy || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinFirmware || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfRepRap)) {
        file.write("; Total objects to print: " + std::to_string(nb_items) + "\n");
        file.write("M486 T" + std::to_string(nb_items) + "\n");
    }
    if (this->config().gcode_label_objects) {
        file.write_format( "; plater:{\"center\":[%f,%f,%f],\"boundingbox_center\":[%f,%f,%f],\"boundingbox_size\":[%f,%f,%f]}\n",
            global_bounding_box.center().x(), global_bounding_box.center().y(), 0.,
            global_bounding_box.center().x(), global_bounding_box.center().y(), global_bounding_box.center().z(),
            global_bounding_box.size().x(), global_bounding_box.size().y(), global_bounding_box.size().z()
        );
    }
    file.write_format( "\n");

    print.throw_if_canceled();

    // adds tags for time estimators
    if (print.config().remaining_times.value)
        file.write_format(";%s\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::First_Line_M73_Placeholder).c_str());

    // Starting now, the G-code find / replace post-processor will be enabled.
    file.find_replace_enable();

    // Prepare the helper object for replacing placeholders in custom G-code and output filename.
    m_placeholder_parser = print.placeholder_parser();
    m_placeholder_parser.update_timestamp();
    m_placeholder_parser_context.rng = std::mt19937(std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch().count());
    print.update_object_placeholders(m_placeholder_parser.config_writable(), ".gcode");

    // Get optimal tool ordering to minimize tool switches of a multi-exruder print.
    // For a print by objects, find the 1st printing object.
    ToolOrdering tool_ordering;
    uint16_t initial_extruder_id     = (uint16_t)-1;
    uint16_t final_extruder_id       = (uint16_t)-1;
    bool         has_wipe_tower      = false;
    std::vector<const PrintInstance*> 					print_object_instances_ordering;
    std::vector<const PrintInstance*>::const_iterator 	print_object_instance_sequential_active;
    bool has_milling = false;
    if (!config().milling_diameter.values.empty()) {
        for (const PrintObject* obj : print.objects()) {
            for (const Layer *layer : obj->layers()) {
                for (const LayerRegion *lr : layer->regions()) {
                    if (!lr->milling.empty()) {
                        has_milling = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    if (print.config().complete_objects.value) {
        // Order object instances for sequential print.
        if(print.config().complete_objects_sort.value == cosObject)
            print_object_instances_ordering = sort_object_instances_by_model_order(print);
        else if (print.config().complete_objects_sort.value == cosZ)
            print_object_instances_ordering = sort_object_instances_by_max_z(print);
        else if (print.config().complete_objects_sort.value == cosY)
            print_object_instances_ordering = sort_object_instances_by_max_y(print);
        // Find the 1st printing object, find its tool ordering and the initial extruder ID.
        print_object_instance_sequential_active = print_object_instances_ordering.begin();
        for (; print_object_instance_sequential_active != print_object_instances_ordering.end(); ++ print_object_instance_sequential_active) {
            tool_ordering = ToolOrdering(*(*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->print_object, initial_extruder_id);
            if ((initial_extruder_id = tool_ordering.first_extruder()) != static_cast<uint16_t>(-1))
                break;
        }
        if (initial_extruder_id == static_cast<unsigned int>(-1))
            // No object to print was found, cancel the G-code export.
            throw Slic3r::SlicingError(_(L("No extrusions were generated for objects.")));
        // We don't allow switching of extruders per layer by Model::custom_gcode_per_print_z in sequential mode.
        // Use the extruder IDs collected from Regions.
        std::set<uint16_t> extruder_set = print.extruders();
    	this->set_extruders(std::vector<uint16_t>(extruder_set.begin(), extruder_set.end()));
        if(has_milling)
            m_writer.set_mills(std::vector<uint16_t>() = { 0 });
    } else {
        // Find tool ordering for all the objects at once, and the initial extruder ID.
        // If the tool ordering has been pre-calculated by Print class for wipe tower already, reuse it.
		tool_ordering = print.tool_ordering();
		tool_ordering.assign_custom_gcodes(print);
        if (tool_ordering.all_extruders().empty())
            // No object to print was found, cancel the G-code export.
            throw Slic3r::SlicingError(_(L("No extrusions were generated for objects.")));
        has_wipe_tower = print.has_wipe_tower() && tool_ordering.has_wipe_tower();
        initial_extruder_id = (has_wipe_tower && ! print.config().single_extruder_multi_material_priming) ?
            // The priming towers will be skipped.
            tool_ordering.all_extruders().back() :
            // Don't skip the priming towers.
            tool_ordering.first_extruder();
        // In non-sequential print, the printing extruders may have been modified by the extruder switches stored in Model::custom_gcode_per_print_z.
        // Therefore initialize the printing extruders from there.
    	this->set_extruders(tool_ordering.all_extruders());
        if (has_milling)
            m_writer.set_mills(std::vector<uint16_t>() = { 0 });
        // Order object instances using a nearest neighbor search.
        print_object_instances_ordering = chain_print_object_instances(print);
    }
    if (initial_extruder_id == (uint16_t)-1) {
        // Nothing to print!
        //initial_extruder_id = 0;
        //final_extruder_id   = 0;
    } else {
        final_extruder_id = tool_ordering.last_extruder();
        assert(final_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1);
    }
    print.throw_if_canceled();

    m_cooling_buffer = make_unique<CoolingBuffer>(*this);
    m_cooling_buffer->set_current_extruder(initial_extruder_id);

    // Emit machine envelope limits for the Marlin firmware.
    this->print_machine_envelope(file, print);

    // Add variables from filament_custom_variables
    m_placeholder_parser.parse_custom_variables(m_config.print_custom_variables);
    m_placeholder_parser.parse_custom_variables(m_config.printer_custom_variables);
    m_placeholder_parser.parse_custom_variables(m_config.filament_custom_variables);

    // Add physical printer variables
    m_placeholder_parser.apply_config(print.physical_printer_config());

    // Let the start-up script prime the 1st printing tool.
    m_placeholder_parser.set("initial_tool", initial_extruder_id);
    m_placeholder_parser.set("initial_extruder", initial_extruder_id);
    m_placeholder_parser.set("current_extruder", initial_extruder_id);
    //Set variable for total layer count so it can be used in custom gcode.
    m_placeholder_parser.set("total_layer_count", m_layer_count);
    // Useful for sequential prints.
    m_placeholder_parser.set("current_object_idx", 0);
    // For the start / end G-code to do the priming and final filament pull in case there is no wipe tower provided.
    m_placeholder_parser.set("has_wipe_tower", has_wipe_tower);
    m_placeholder_parser.set("has_single_extruder_multi_material_priming", has_wipe_tower && print.config().single_extruder_multi_material_priming);
    m_placeholder_parser.set("total_toolchanges", std::max(0, print.wipe_tower_data().number_of_toolchanges)); // Check for negative toolchanges (single extruder mode) and set to 0 (no tool change).
    m_placeholder_parser.set("bounding_box", new ConfigOptionFloats({ global_bounding_box.min.x(), global_bounding_box.min.y(), global_bounding_box.min.z(), global_bounding_box.max.x(), global_bounding_box.max.y(), global_bounding_box.max.z() }));
    {
        BoundingBoxf bbox(print.config().bed_shape.values);
        m_placeholder_parser.set("print_bed_min",  new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.min.x(), bbox.min.y() }));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("print_bed_max",  new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.max.x(), bbox.max.y() }));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("print_bed_size", new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.size().x(), bbox.size().y() }));
    }
    if(!print.config().complete_objects.value){
        // Convex hull of the 1st layer extrusions, for bed leveling and placing the initial purge line.
        // It encompasses the object extrusions, support extrusions, skirt, brim, wipe tower.
        // It does NOT encompass user extrusions generated by custom G-code,
        // therefore it does NOT encompass the initial purge line.
        // It does NOT encompass MMU/MMU2 starting (wipe) areas.
        auto pts = std::make_unique<ConfigOptionPoints>();
        pts->values.reserve(print.first_layer_convex_hull().size());
        for (const Point &pt : print.first_layer_convex_hull().points)
            pts->values.emplace_back(unscale(pt));
        BoundingBoxf bbox(pts->values);
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_convex_hull", pts.release());
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_min",  new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.min.x(), bbox.min.y() }));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_max",  new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.max.x(), bbox.max.y() }));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_size", new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.size().x(), bbox.size().y() }));
    } else {
        //have to compute it ourself :-/
        class BoundingBoxVisitor : public ExtrusionVisitorRecursiveConst {
        public:
            Point offset;
            Points hull;
            virtual void use(const ExtrusionPath& path) override {
                for (Point pt : path.polyline.points) {
                    pt += offset;
                    hull.emplace_back(std::move(pt));
                }
            }
            virtual void use(const ExtrusionPath3D& path3D) override {
                for (Point pt : path3D.polyline.points) {
                    pt += offset;
                    hull.emplace_back(std::move(pt));
                }
            }
            BoundingBoxf get_bb() {
                BoundingBox bbox(hull);
                return BoundingBoxf(unscaled(bbox.min), unscaled(bbox.max));
            }
            Polygon get_hull() { return Geometry::convex_hull(hull); }
        } bbvisitor;
        if (print.skirt_first_layer().has_value()) {
            print.skirt_first_layer()->visit(bbvisitor);
        } else if (print.skirt().entities().size() > 0) {
            print.skirt().visit(bbvisitor);
        } else if (print.config().complete_objects_one_brim.value && !print.brim().empty()) {
            print.brim().visit(bbvisitor);
        } else {
            print.brim().visit(bbvisitor);
            for (const PrintObject* po : print.objects()) {
                for (const PrintInstance& inst : po->instances()) {
                    bbvisitor.offset = inst.shift;
                    if (po->skirt_first_layer().has_value()) {
                        po->skirt_first_layer()->visit(bbvisitor);
                    } else if (po->skirt().entities().size() > 0) {
                        po->skirt().visit(bbvisitor);
                    } else {
                        po->brim().visit(bbvisitor);
                        if (po->layers().empty()) continue;
                        const Layer* l = po->layers().front();
                        if (l->id() != 0) continue;
                        for (const LayerRegion* lr : l->regions()) {
                            lr->perimeters.visit(bbvisitor);
                            lr->fills.visit(bbvisitor);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        BoundingBoxf bbox = bbvisitor.get_bb();
        Polygon first_layer_hull = bbvisitor.get_hull();
        auto pts = std::make_unique<ConfigOptionPoints>();
        pts->values.reserve(first_layer_hull.size());
        for (const Point& pt : first_layer_hull.points)
            pts->values.emplace_back(unscale(pt));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_convex_hull", pts.release());
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_min", new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.min.x(), bbox.min.y() }));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_max", new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.max.x(), bbox.max.y() }));
        m_placeholder_parser.set("first_layer_print_size", new ConfigOptionFloats({ bbox.size().x(), bbox.size().y() }));
    }
    //misc
    if (config().thumbnails_color.value.length() == 7) {
        m_placeholder_parser.set("thumbnails_color_int", new ConfigOptionInt((int)strtol(config().thumbnails_color.value.substr(1, 6).c_str(), NULL, 16)));
    }

    std::string start_gcode = this->placeholder_parser_process("start_gcode", print.config().start_gcode.value, initial_extruder_id);
    // get the start_filament_gcode to check if M109 or others are inside it
    std::string start_filament_gcode;
    if (!m_config.start_filament_gcode.get_at(initial_extruder_id).empty()) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(-1));
        config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)initial_extruder_id));
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(0));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(0)); //TODO: if the process is changed, please use the real first layer height
        start_filament_gcode = this->placeholder_parser_process("start_filament_gcode", m_config.start_filament_gcode.get_at(initial_extruder_id), initial_extruder_id, &config);
    }
    std::string start_all_gcode = start_gcode + "\"n" + start_filament_gcode;
    // Set bed temperature if the start G-code does not contain any bed temp control G-codes.
    if((initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1) && !this->config().start_gcode_manual && this->config().gcode_flavor != gcfKlipper && print.config().first_layer_bed_temperature.get_at(initial_extruder_id) != 0)
        this->_print_first_layer_bed_temperature(file, print, start_all_gcode, initial_extruder_id, false);

    //init extruders
    if (!this->config().start_gcode_manual)
        this->_init_multiextruders(print, file, m_writer, tool_ordering, start_gcode);

    // Set extruder(s) temperature before and after start G-code.
    if ((initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1) && !this->config().start_gcode_manual && (this->config().gcode_flavor != gcfKlipper || print.config().start_gcode.value.empty()) && print.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(initial_extruder_id) != 0)
        this->_print_first_layer_extruder_temperatures(file, print, start_all_gcode, initial_extruder_id, false);

    // adds tag for processor
    file.write_format(";%s%s\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Role).c_str(), ExtrusionEntity::role_to_string(erCustom).c_str());

    // Write the custom start G-code
    file.writeln(start_gcode);
    m_last_pos_defined = false;

    //flush FanMover buffer to avoid modifying the start gcode if it's manual.
    if (this->config().start_gcode_manual && this->m_fan_mover.get() != nullptr) {
        file.write(this->m_fan_mover.get()->process_gcode("", true));
    }

    // Process filament-specific gcode.
   /* if (has_wipe_tower) {
        // Wipe tower will control the extruder switching, it will call the start_filament_gcode.
    } else {
            DynamicConfig config;
            config.set_key_value("filament_extruder_id", new ConfigOptionInt(int(initial_extruder_id)));
            file.writeln(this->placeholder_parser_process("start_filament_gcode", print.config().start_filament_gcode.values[initial_extruder_id], initial_extruder_id, &config));
    }
*/

    // Disable fan.
    if ((initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1) && !this->config().start_gcode_manual && print.config().disable_fan_first_layers.get_at(initial_extruder_id))
        file.write(m_writer.set_fan(uint8_t(0), initial_extruder_id));

    print.throw_if_canceled();

    // Set other general things.
    file.write(this->preamble());

    // Calculate wiping points if needed
    DoExport::init_ooze_prevention(print, m_ooze_prevention);
    print.throw_if_canceled();

    // Collect custom seam data from all objects.
    m_seam_placer.init(print);

    //activate first extruder is multi-extruder and not in start-gcode
    if ((initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1)) {
        if (m_writer.multiple_extruders) {
            //if not in gcode
            bool find = false;
            if (!start_gcode.empty()) {
                const char* ptr = start_gcode.data();
                while (*ptr != 0) {
                    // Skip whitespaces.
                    for (; *ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ++ptr);
                    if (*ptr == 'T') {
                        // TX for most of the firmwares
                        find = true;
                        break;
                    } else if (*ptr == 'A' && print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfKlipper) {
                        // ACTIVATE_EXTRUDER for klipper (if used)
                        if (std::string::npos != start_gcode.find("ACTIVATE_EXTRUDER", size_t(ptr - start_gcode.data()))) {
                            find = true;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    // Skip the rest of the line.
                    for (; *ptr != 0 && *ptr != '\r' && *ptr != '\n'; ++ptr);
                    // Skip the end of line indicators.
                    for (; *ptr == '\r' || *ptr == '\n'; ++ptr);
                }
            }
            if (!find) {
                // Set initial extruder only after custom start G-code.
                // Ugly hack: Do not set the initial extruder if the extruder is primed using the MMU priming towers at the edge of the print bed.
                if (!(has_wipe_tower && print.config().single_extruder_multi_material_priming)) {
                    file.write(this->set_extruder(initial_extruder_id, 0.));
                } else {
                    m_writer.toolchange(initial_extruder_id);
                }
            } else {
                // set writer to the tool as should be set in the start_gcode.
                file.write(this->set_extruder(initial_extruder_id, 0., true));
            }
        } else {
            // if we are running a single-extruder setup, just set the extruder and "return nothing"
            file.write(this->set_extruder(initial_extruder_id, 0.));
        }
    } else {
        // the right tool should have been set by the user.
        m_writer.toolchange(initial_extruder_id);
    }

    // ensure the first tool doesn't "extra_retract"
    m_writer.tool()->reset_retract();

    //write temps after custom gcodes to ensure the temperature are good. (after tool selection)
    if ((initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1) && !this->config().start_gcode_manual && print.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(initial_extruder_id) != 0)
        this->_print_first_layer_extruder_temperatures(file, print, start_all_gcode, initial_extruder_id, true);
    if ((initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1) && !this->config().start_gcode_manual && print.config().first_layer_bed_temperature.get_at(initial_extruder_id) != 0)
        this->_print_first_layer_bed_temperature(file, print, start_all_gcode, initial_extruder_id, true);

    // Do all objects for each layer.
    if (initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1)
        if (print.config().complete_objects.value) {
            size_t finished_objects = 0;
            const PrintObject *prev_object = (*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->print_object;
            for (; print_object_instance_sequential_active != print_object_instances_ordering.end(); ++ print_object_instance_sequential_active) {
                const PrintObject &object = *(*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->print_object;
                if (&object != prev_object || tool_ordering.first_extruder() != final_extruder_id) {
                    tool_ordering = ToolOrdering(object, final_extruder_id);
                    uint16_t new_extruder_id = tool_ordering.first_extruder();
                    if (new_extruder_id == (uint16_t)-1)
                        // Skip this object.
                        continue;
                    initial_extruder_id = new_extruder_id;
                    final_extruder_id   = tool_ordering.last_extruder();
                    assert(final_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1);
                }
                print.throw_if_canceled();
                this->set_origin(unscale((*print_object_instance_sequential_active)->shift));
                if (finished_objects > 0) {
                    // Move to the origin position for the copy we're going to print.
                    // This happens before Z goes down to layer 0 again, so that no collision happens hopefully.
                    m_enable_cooling_markers = false; // we're not filtering these moves through CoolingBuffer
                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp_once();
                    set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, 0, print.config(), m_writer, initial_extruder_id);
                    file.write(this->retract());
                    std::string gcode;
                    //go to origin of the next object (it's 0,0 because we shifted the origin to it)
                    Polyline polyline = this->travel_to(gcode, Point(0, 0), erNone);
                    this->write_travel_to(gcode, polyline, "move to origin position for next object");
                    file.write(gcode);
                    m_enable_cooling_markers = true;
                    // Disable motion planner when traveling to first object point.
                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.disable_once();
                    // Ff we are printing the bottom layer of an object, and we have already finished
                    // another one, set first layer temperatures. This happens before the Z move
                    // is triggered, so machine has more time to reach such temperatures.
                    m_placeholder_parser.set("current_object_idx", int(finished_objects));
                    std::string between_objects_gcode = this->placeholder_parser_process("between_objects_gcode", print.config().between_objects_gcode.value, initial_extruder_id);
                    // Set first layer bed and extruder temperatures, don't wait for it to reach the temperature.
                    this->_print_first_layer_bed_temperature(file, print, between_objects_gcode, initial_extruder_id, false);
                    this->_print_first_layer_extruder_temperatures(file, print, between_objects_gcode, initial_extruder_id, false);
                    file.writeln(between_objects_gcode);
                } else {
                    set_extra_lift(0, 0, print.config(), m_writer, initial_extruder_id);
                }
                //reinit the seam placer on the new object
                m_seam_placer.init(print);
                // Reset the cooling buffer internal state (the current position, feed rate, accelerations).
                m_cooling_buffer->reset(this->writer().get_position());
                m_cooling_buffer->set_current_extruder(initial_extruder_id);
                // Process all layers of a single object instance (sequential mode) with a parallel pipeline:
                // Generate G-code, run the filters (vase mode, cooling buffer), run the G-code analyser
                // and export G-code into file.
                this->process_layers(print, print.m_print_statistics, tool_ordering, collect_layers_to_print(object), *print_object_instance_sequential_active - object.instances().data(), file);
#ifdef HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER
                if (m_pressure_equalizer)
                    file.write(m_pressure_equalizer->process("", true));
#endif /* HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER */
                ++ finished_objects;
                // Flag indicating whether the nozzle temperature changes from 1st to 2nd layer were performed.
                // Reset it when starting another object from 1st layer.
                m_second_layer_things_done = false;
                prev_object = &object;
            }
            set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, prev_object->layers().back()->id(), print.config(), m_writer, initial_extruder_id /* osef, it's only for the lift_min */);
        } else {
            // Sort layers by Z.
            // All extrusion moves with the same top layer height are extruded uninterrupted.
            std::vector<std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<LayerToPrint>>> layers_to_print = collect_layers_to_print(print);
            // Prusa Multi-Material wipe tower.
            if (has_wipe_tower && ! layers_to_print.empty()) {
                m_wipe_tower.reset(new WipeTowerIntegration(print.config(), *print.wipe_tower_data().priming.get(), print.wipe_tower_data().tool_changes, *print.wipe_tower_data().final_purge.get()));
                file.write(m_writer.travel_to_z(first_layer_height + m_config.z_offset.value, "Move to the first layer height"));
                if (print.config().single_extruder_multi_material_priming) {
                    file.write(m_wipe_tower->prime(*this));
                    // Verify, whether the print overaps the priming extrusions.
                    BoundingBoxf bbox_print(get_print_extrusions_extents(print));
                    coordf_t twolayers_printz = ((layers_to_print.size() == 1) ? layers_to_print.front() : layers_to_print[1]).first + EPSILON;
                    for (const PrintObject *print_object : print.objects())
                        bbox_print.merge(get_print_object_extrusions_extents(*print_object, twolayers_printz));
                    bbox_print.merge(get_wipe_tower_extrusions_extents(print, twolayers_printz));
                    BoundingBoxf bbox_prime(get_wipe_tower_priming_extrusions_extents(print));
                    bbox_prime.offset(0.5f);
                    bool overlap = bbox_prime.overlap(bbox_print);

                    if (print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinLegacy || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinFirmware) {
                        file.write(this->retract());
                        file.write("M300 S800 P500\n"); // Beep for 500ms, tone 800Hz.
                        if (overlap) {
                            // Wait for the user to remove the priming extrusions.
                            file.write("M1 Remove priming towers and click button.\n");
                        } else {
                            // Just wait for a bit to let the user check, that the priming succeeded.
                            //TODO Add a message explaining what the printer is waiting for. This needs a firmware fix.
                            file.write("M1 S10\n");
                        }
                    } else {
                        // This is not Marlin, M1 command is probably not supported.
                        // (See https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/5441.)
                        if (overlap) {
                            print.active_step_add_warning(PrintStateBase::WarningLevel::CRITICAL,
                                _(L("Your print is very close to the priming regions. "
                                  "Make sure there is no collision.")));
                        } else {
                            // Just continue printing, no action necessary.
                        }

                    }
                }
                print.throw_if_canceled();
            }
            // Process all layers of all objects (non-sequential mode) with a parallel pipeline:
            // Generate G-code, run the filters (vase mode, cooling buffer), run the G-code analyser
            // and export G-code into file.
            this->process_layers(print, print.m_print_statistics, tool_ordering, print_object_instances_ordering, layers_to_print, file);
#ifdef HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER
            if (m_pressure_equalizer)
                _file.write(m_pressure_equalizer->process("", true));
#endif /* HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER */
            if (m_wipe_tower)
                // Purge the extruder, pull out the active filament.
                file.write(m_wipe_tower->finalize(*this));
        }

    // Write end commands to file.
    file.write(this->retract());
    //if needed, write the gcode_label_objects_end
    {
        std::string gcode;
        _add_object_change_labels(gcode);
        file.write(gcode);
    }
    file.write(m_writer.set_fan(uint8_t(0)));

    // adds tag for processor
    file.write_format(";%s%s\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Role).c_str(), ExtrusionEntity::role_to_string(erCustom).c_str());

    // Process filament-specific gcode in extruder order.
    if (initial_extruder_id != (uint16_t)-1) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(m_writer.get_position()(2) - m_config.z_offset.value));
        config.set_key_value("max_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(m_max_layer_z));
        config.set_key_value("current_extruder_id", new ConfigOptionInt((int)m_writer.tool()->id()));
        if (m_writer.tool_is_extruder()) {
            if (print.config().single_extruder_multi_material) {
                // Process the end_filament_gcode for the active filament only.
                int extruder_id = m_writer.tool()->id();
                config.set_key_value("filament_extruder_id", new ConfigOptionInt(extruder_id));
                file.writeln(this->placeholder_parser_process("end_filament_gcode", print.config().end_filament_gcode.get_at(extruder_id), extruder_id, &config));
            } else {
                for (const std::string& end_gcode : print.config().end_filament_gcode.values) {
                    int extruder_id = (uint16_t)(&end_gcode - &print.config().end_filament_gcode.get_at(0));
                    config.set_key_value("filament_extruder_id", new ConfigOptionInt(extruder_id));
                    config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(extruder_id));
                    config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(0));
                    file.writeln(this->placeholder_parser_process("end_filament_gcode", end_gcode, extruder_id, &config));
                }
            }
        }
        file.writeln(this->placeholder_parser_process("end_gcode", print.config().end_gcode, m_writer.tool()->id(), &config));
    }
    file.write(m_writer.update_progress(m_layer_count, m_layer_count, true)); // 100%
    file.write(m_writer.postamble());

    // From now to the end of G-code, the G-code find / replace post-processor will be disabled.
    // Thus the PrusaSlicer generated config will NOT be processed by the G-code post-processor, see GH issue #7952.
    file.find_replace_supress();

    // adds tags for time estimators
    if (print.config().remaining_times.value)
        file.write_format(";%s\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Last_Line_M73_Placeholder).c_str());

    print.throw_if_canceled();

    // Get filament stats.
    file.write(DoExport::update_print_stats_and_format_filament_stats(
        // Const inputs
        has_wipe_tower, print.wipe_tower_data(),
        this->config(),
        m_writer.extruders(),
        initial_extruder_id,
        // Modifies
        print.m_print_statistics));
    file.write("\n");
    file.write_format("; total filament used [g] = %.2lf\n", print.m_print_statistics.total_weight);
    file.write_format("; total filament cost = %.2lf\n", print.m_print_statistics.total_cost);
    if (print.m_print_statistics.total_toolchanges > 0)
    	file.write_format("; total toolchanges = %i\n", print.m_print_statistics.total_toolchanges);
    file.write_format("; total layers count = %i\n", m_layer_count);
    file.write_format(";%s\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Estimated_Printing_Time_Placeholder).c_str());

    // Append full config, delimited by two 'phony' configuration keys slic3r_config = begin and slic3r_config = end.
    // The delimiters are structured as configuration key / value pairs to be parsable by older versions of PrusaSlicer G-code viewer.
    file.flush();
    {
        file.write("\n; " SLIC3R_APP_NAME "_config = begin\n");
        std::string full_config;
        append_full_config(print, full_config);
        if (!full_config.empty())
            file.write(full_config);
        file.write("; " SLIC3R_APP_NAME "_config = end\n");
    }
    print.throw_if_canceled();

    //print thumbnails at the end instead of the start if requested
    if (thumbnails_end_file && thumbnails_end_file->value) {
        const ConfigOptionBool* thumbnails_with_bed = print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionBool>("thumbnails_with_bed");
        const ConfigOptionEnum<GCodeThumbnailsFormat>* thumbnails_format = print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionEnum<GCodeThumbnailsFormat>>("thumbnails_format");
        GCodeThumbnails::export_thumbnails_to_file(thumbnail_cb, 
            print.full_print_config().option<ConfigOptionPoints>("thumbnails")->values,
            thumbnails_with_bed==nullptr? false:thumbnails_with_bed->value,
            thumbnails_format ? thumbnails_format->value : GCodeThumbnailsFormat::PNG,
            [&file](const char* sz) { file.write(sz); },
            [&print]() { print.throw_if_canceled(); });
    }
    print.throw_if_canceled();
}

// Process all layers of all objects (non-sequential mode) with a parallel pipeline:
// Generate G-code, run the filters (vase mode, cooling buffer), run the G-code analyser
// and export G-code into file.
void GCode::process_layers(
    const Print                                                         &print,
    PrintStatistics                                                     &print_stat,
    const ToolOrdering                                                  &tool_ordering,
    const std::vector<const PrintInstance*>                             &print_object_instances_ordering,
    const std::vector<std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<LayerToPrint>>>   &layers_to_print,
    GCodeOutputStream                                                   &output_stream)
{
    // The pipeline is variable: The vase mode filter is optional.
    size_t layer_to_print_idx = 0;
    const auto generator = tbb::make_filter<void, GCode::LayerResult>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [this, &print, &print_stat, &tool_ordering, &print_object_instances_ordering, &layers_to_print, &layer_to_print_idx](tbb::flow_control& fc) -> GCode::LayerResult {
            CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;
            if (layer_to_print_idx == layers_to_print.size()) {
                fc.stop();
                return GCode::LayerResult{};
            } else {
                const std::pair<coordf_t, std::vector<LayerToPrint>>& layer = layers_to_print[layer_to_print_idx++];
                const LayerTools& layer_tools = tool_ordering.tools_for_layer(layer.first);
                if (m_wipe_tower && layer_tools.has_wipe_tower)
                    m_wipe_tower->next_layer();
                print.throw_if_canceled();
                return this->process_layer(print, print_stat, layer.second, layer_tools, &layer == &layers_to_print.back(), &print_object_instances_ordering, size_t(-1));
            }
        });
    const auto spiral_vase = tbb::make_filter<GCode::LayerResult, GCode::LayerResult>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&spiral_vase = *this->m_spiral_vase.get()](GCode::LayerResult in) -> GCode::LayerResult {
            CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;
            spiral_vase.enable(in.spiral_vase_enable);
            return GCode::LayerResult{ spiral_vase.process_layer(std::move(in.gcode)), in.layer_id, in.spiral_vase_enable, in.cooling_buffer_flush };
        });
    const auto cooling = tbb::make_filter<GCode::LayerResult, std::string>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&cooling_buffer = *this->m_cooling_buffer.get()](GCode::LayerResult in) -> std::string {
            CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;
            return cooling_buffer.process_layer(std::move(in.gcode), in.layer_id, in.cooling_buffer_flush);
        });
    const auto find_replace = tbb::make_filter<std::string, std::string>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&self = *this->m_find_replace.get()](std::string s) -> std::string {
            CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;
            return self.process_layer(std::move(s));
        });
    const auto output = tbb::make_filter<std::string, void>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&output_stream](std::string s) {
            CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;
            output_stream.write(s); 
        }
    );

    const auto fan_mover = tbb::make_filter<std::string, std::string>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
            [&fan_mover = this->m_fan_mover, &config = this->config(), &writer = this->m_writer](std::string in)->std::string {
        CNumericLocalesSetter locales_setter;

        if (config.fan_speedup_time.value != 0 || config.fan_kickstart.value > 0) {
            if (fan_mover.get() == nullptr)
                fan_mover.reset(new Slic3r::FanMover(
                    writer,
                    std::abs((float)config.fan_speedup_time.value),
                    config.fan_speedup_time.value > 0,
                    config.use_relative_e_distances.value,
                    config.fan_speedup_overhangs.value,
                    (float)config.fan_kickstart.value));
            //flush as it's a whole layer
            return fan_mover->process_gcode(in, true);
        }
        return in;
    });

    // The pipeline elements are joined using const references, thus no copying is performed.
    output_stream.find_replace_supress();
    if (m_spiral_vase && m_find_replace)
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & spiral_vase & cooling & fan_mover & find_replace & output);
    else if (m_spiral_vase)
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator &  spiral_vase & cooling & fan_mover & output);
    else if (m_find_replace)
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & cooling & fan_mover & find_replace & output);
    else
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & cooling & fan_mover & output);
    output_stream.find_replace_enable();
}

// Process all layers of a single object instance (sequential mode) with a parallel pipeline:
// Generate G-code, run the filters (vase mode, cooling buffer), run the G-code analyser
// and export G-code into file.
void GCode::process_layers(
    const Print                             &print,
    PrintStatistics                         &print_stat,
    const ToolOrdering                      &tool_ordering,
    std::vector<LayerToPrint>                layers_to_print,
    const size_t                             single_object_idx,
    GCodeOutputStream                       &output_stream)
{
    // The pipeline is variable: The vase mode filter is optional.
    size_t layer_to_print_idx = 0;
    const auto generator = tbb::make_filter<void, GCode::LayerResult>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [this, &print, &print_stat, &tool_ordering, &layers_to_print, &layer_to_print_idx, single_object_idx](tbb::flow_control& fc) -> GCode::LayerResult {
            if (layer_to_print_idx == layers_to_print.size()) {
                fc.stop();
                return {};
            } else {
                LayerToPrint &layer = layers_to_print[layer_to_print_idx ++];
                print.throw_if_canceled();
                return this->process_layer(print, print_stat, { std::move(layer) }, tool_ordering.tools_for_layer(layer.print_z()), &layer == &layers_to_print.back(), nullptr, single_object_idx);
            }
        });
    const auto spiral_vase = tbb::make_filter<GCode::LayerResult, GCode::LayerResult>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&spiral_vase = *this->m_spiral_vase.get()](GCode::LayerResult in)->GCode::LayerResult {
            spiral_vase.enable(in.spiral_vase_enable);
            return { spiral_vase.process_layer(std::move(in.gcode)), in.layer_id, in.spiral_vase_enable, in.cooling_buffer_flush };
        });
    const auto cooling = tbb::make_filter<GCode::LayerResult, std::string>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&cooling_buffer = *this->m_cooling_buffer.get()](GCode::LayerResult in)->std::string {
            return cooling_buffer.process_layer(std::move(in.gcode), in.layer_id, in.cooling_buffer_flush);
        });
    const auto find_replace = tbb::make_filter<std::string, std::string>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&self = *this->m_find_replace.get()](std::string s) -> std::string {
            return self.process_layer(std::move(s));
        });
    const auto output = tbb::make_filter<std::string, void>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&output_stream](std::string s) { 
            output_stream.write(s); 
        }
    );

    const auto fan_mover = tbb::make_filter<std::string, std::string>(slic3r_tbb_filtermode::serial_in_order,
        [&fan_mover = this->m_fan_mover, &config = this->config(), &writer = this->m_writer](std::string in)->std::string {

        if (config.fan_speedup_time.value != 0 || config.fan_kickstart.value > 0) {
            if (fan_mover.get() == nullptr)
                fan_mover.reset(new Slic3r::FanMover(
                    writer,
                    std::abs((float)config.fan_speedup_time.value),
                    config.fan_speedup_time.value > 0,
                    config.use_relative_e_distances.value,
                    config.fan_speedup_overhangs.value,
                    (float)config.fan_kickstart.value));
            //flush as it's a whole layer
            return fan_mover->process_gcode(in, true);
        }
        return in;
    });

    // The pipeline elements are joined using const references, thus no copying is performed.
    output_stream.find_replace_supress();
    if (m_spiral_vase && m_find_replace)
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & spiral_vase & cooling & fan_mover & find_replace & output);
    else if (m_spiral_vase)
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & spiral_vase & cooling & fan_mover & output);
    else if (m_find_replace)
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & cooling & fan_mover & find_replace & output);
    else
        tbb::parallel_pipeline(12, generator & cooling & fan_mover & output);
    output_stream.find_replace_enable();
}

std::string GCode::placeholder_parser_process(const std::string &name, const std::string &templ, uint16_t current_extruder_id, const DynamicConfig *config_override)
{
    if (current_extruder_id == uint16_t(-1)) {
        current_extruder_id = this->m_writer.tool()->id();
    }
    DynamicConfig default_config;
    if (config_override != nullptr)
        default_config = *config_override;
    try {
        //add some config conversion for colors
        auto func_add_colour = [&default_config](std::string key, std::string colour) {
            if (colour.length() == 7) {
                default_config.set_key_value(key, new ConfigOptionInt((int)strtol(colour.substr(1, 6).c_str(), NULL, 16)));
            }
        };
        if (current_extruder_id >= 0 && current_extruder_id < config().filament_colour.size()) {
            func_add_colour("filament_colour_int", config().filament_colour.values[current_extruder_id]);
            func_add_colour("extruder_colour_int", config().extruder_colour.values[current_extruder_id]);
        }
        default_config.set_key_value("current_position", new ConfigOptionFloats({ unscaled(m_last_pos.x()), unscaled(m_last_pos.y()) }));

        std::string gcode = m_placeholder_parser.process(templ, current_extruder_id, &default_config, &m_placeholder_parser_context);
        if (!gcode.empty() && (m_config.gcode_comments || m_config.fan_speedup_time.value != 0 || m_config.fan_kickstart.value != 0 )) {
            gcode = "; custom gcode: " + name + "\n" + gcode;
            check_add_eol(gcode);
            gcode += "; custom gcode end: "+ name + "\n";
        }
        return gcode;
    } catch (std::runtime_error &err) {
        // Collect the names of failed template substitutions for error reporting.
        auto it = m_placeholder_parser_failed_templates.find(name);
        if (it == m_placeholder_parser_failed_templates.end())
            // Only if there was no error reported for this template, store the first error message into the map to be reported.
            // We don't want to collect error message for each and every occurence of a single custom G-code section.
            m_placeholder_parser_failed_templates.insert(it, std::make_pair(name, std::string(err.what())));
        // Insert the macro error message into the G-code.
        return
            std::string("\n!!!!! Failed to process the custom G-code template ") + name + "\n" +
            err.what() +
            "!!!!! End of an error report for the custom G-code template " + name + "\n\n";
    }
}

// Parse the custom G-code, try to find mcode_set_temp_dont_wait and mcode_set_temp_and_wait or optionally G10 with temperature inside the custom G-code.
// Returns true if one of the temp commands are found, and try to parse the target temperature value into temp_out.
static bool custom_gcode_sets_temperature(const std::string &gcode, const int mcode_set_temp_dont_wait, const int mcode_set_temp_and_wait, const bool include_g10, int &temp_out)
{
    temp_out = -1;
    if (gcode.empty())
        return false;

    const char *ptr = gcode.data();
    bool temp_set_by_gcode = false;
    while (*ptr != 0) {
        // Skip whitespaces.
        for (; *ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ++ ptr);
        if (*ptr == 'M' || // Line starts with 'M'. It is a machine command.
            (*ptr == 'G' && include_g10)) { // Only check for G10 if requested
            bool is_gcode = *ptr == 'G';
            ++ ptr;
            // Parse the M or G code value.
            char *endptr = nullptr;
            int mgcode = int(strtol(ptr, &endptr, 10));
            if (endptr != nullptr && endptr != ptr && 
                (is_gcode ?
                    // G10 found
                    (mgcode == 10) :
                // M104/M109 or M140/M190 found.
                    (mgcode == mcode_set_temp_dont_wait || mgcode == mcode_set_temp_and_wait))) {
				ptr = endptr;
                if (! is_gcode)
                    // Let the caller know that the custom M-code sets the temperature.
                temp_set_by_gcode = true;
                // Now try to parse the temperature value.
				// While not at the end of the line:
				while (strchr(";\r\n\0", *ptr) == nullptr) {
                    // Skip whitespaces.
                    for (; *ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ++ ptr);
                    if (*ptr == 'S') {
                        // Skip whitespaces.
                        for (++ ptr; *ptr == ' ' || *ptr == '\t'; ++ ptr);
                        // Parse an int.
                        endptr = nullptr;
                        long temp_parsed = strtol(ptr, &endptr, 10);
						if (endptr > ptr) {
							ptr = endptr;
							temp_out = temp_parsed;
                            // Let the caller know that the custom G-code sets the temperature
                            // Only do this after successfully parsing temperature since G10
                            // can be used for other reasons
                            temp_set_by_gcode = true;
						}
                    } else {
                        // Skip this word.
						for (; strchr(" \t;\r\n\0", *ptr) == nullptr; ++ ptr);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        // Skip the rest of the line.
        for (; *ptr != 0 && *ptr != '\r' && *ptr != '\n'; ++ ptr);
		// Skip the end of line indicators.
        for (; *ptr == '\r' || *ptr == '\n'; ++ ptr);
	}
    return temp_set_by_gcode;
}

// Print the machine envelope G-code for the Marlin firmware based on the "machine_max_xxx" parameters.
// Do not process this piece of G-code by the time estimator, it already knows the values through another sources.
void GCode::print_machine_envelope(GCodeOutputStream &file, Print &print)
{
   // gcfRepRap, gcfRepetier, gcfTeacup, gcfMakerWare, gcfMarlinLegacy, gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfKlipper, gcfSailfish, gcfSprinter, gcfMach3, gcfMachinekit,
   ///     gcfSmoothie, gcfNoExtrusion, gcfLerdge,
    if (print.config().machine_limits_usage.value == MachineLimitsUsage::EmitToGCode) {
        // some firmware are using mm/sec and some others mm/min for M203 and M566
        int factor = (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfMarlinLegacy, gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfLerdge, gcfSmoothie}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0) ? 1 : 60;
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfMarlinLegacy, gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfLerdge, gcfRepetier, gcfRepRap,  gcfSprinter}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M201 X%d Y%d Z%d E%d ; sets maximum accelerations, mm/sec^2\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_x.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_y.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_z.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_e.get_at(0) + 0.5));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfRepetier}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M202 X%d Y%d ; sets maximum travel acceleration\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_travel.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_travel.get_at(0) + 0.5));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfMarlinLegacy, gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfLerdge, gcfRepetier, gcfSmoothie, gcfSprinter}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M203 X%d Y%d Z%d E%d ; sets maximum feedrates, %s\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_x.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_y.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_z.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_e.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                factor == 60 ? "mm / min" : "mm / sec");
        if (print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfRepRap) {
            file.write_format("M203 X%d Y%d Z%d E%d I%d; sets maximum feedrates, mm/min\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_x.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_y.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_z.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_feedrate_e.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_min_extruding_rate.get_at(0) * factor + 0.5));
        }
        // Now M204 - acceleration. This one is quite hairy thanks to how Marlin guys care about
        // backwards compatibility: https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/1089
        // Legacy Marlin should export travel acceleration the same as printing acceleration.
        // MarlinFirmware has the two separated.
        if (gcfMarlinLegacy == print.config().gcode_flavor)
            file.write_format("M204 P%d R%d T%d ; sets acceleration (P, T) and retract acceleration (R), mm/sec^2\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_extruding.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_retracting.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_extruding.get_at(0) + 0.5));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfLerdge}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M204 P%d R%d T%d ; sets acceleration (P, T) and retract acceleration (R), mm/sec^2\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_extruding.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_retracting.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_travel.get_at(0) + 0.5));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfRepRap, gcfKlipper, gcfSprinter}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M204 P%d T%d ; sets acceleration (P, T), mm/sec^2\n",
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_extruding.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_max_acceleration_travel.get_at(0) + 0.5));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfRepRap}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M566 X%.2lf Y%.2lf Z%.2lf E%.2lf ; sets the jerk limits, mm/min\n",
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_x.get_at(0) * factor,
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_y.get_at(0) * factor,
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_z.get_at(0) * factor,
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_e.get_at(0) * factor);
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfMarlinLegacy, gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfLerdge, gcfRepetier}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M205 X%.2lf Y%.2lf Z%.2lf E%.2lf ; sets the jerk limits, mm/sec\n",
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_x.get_at(0),
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_y.get_at(0),
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_z.get_at(0),
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_e.get_at(0));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfSmoothie}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M205 X%.2lf Z%.2lf ; sets the jerk limits, mm/sec\n",
                std::min(print.config().machine_max_jerk_x.get_at(0),
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_y.get_at(0)),
                print.config().machine_max_jerk_z.get_at(0));
        if (std::set<uint8_t>{gcfMarlinLegacy, gcfMarlinFirmware, gcfLerdge, gcfRepetier}.count(print.config().gcode_flavor.value) > 0)
            file.write_format("M205 S%d T%d ; sets the minimum extruding and travel feed rate, mm/sec\n",
                int(print.config().machine_min_extruding_rate.get_at(0) + 0.5),
                int(print.config().machine_min_travel_rate.get_at(0) + 0.5));
    }
}

// Write 1st layer bed temperatures into the G-code.
// Only do that if the start G-code does not already contain any M-code controlling an extruder temperature.
// M140 - Set Bed Temperature
// M190 - Set Bed Temperature and Wait
void GCode::_print_first_layer_bed_temperature(GCodeOutputStream &file, Print &print, const std::string &gcode, uint16_t first_printing_extruder_id, bool wait)
{
    // Initial bed temperature based on the first extruder.
    int  temp = print.config().first_layer_bed_temperature.get_at(first_printing_extruder_id);
    //disable bed temp control if 0
    if (temp == 0) return;
    // Is the bed temperature set by the provided custom G-code?
    int  temp_by_gcode     = -1;
    bool temp_set_by_gcode = custom_gcode_sets_temperature(gcode, 140, 190, false, temp_by_gcode);
    if (temp_set_by_gcode && temp_by_gcode >= 0 && temp_by_gcode < 1000)
        temp = temp_by_gcode;
    // Always call m_writer.set_bed_temperature() so it will set the internal "current" state of the bed temp as if
    // the custom start G-code emited these.
    std::string set_temp_gcode = m_writer.set_bed_temperature(temp, wait);
    if ( !temp_set_by_gcode)
        file.write(set_temp_gcode);
}

// Write 1st layer extruder temperatures into the G-code.
// Only do that if the start G-code does not already contain any M-code controlling an extruder temperature.
// M104 - Set Extruder Temperature
// M109 - Set Extruder Temperature and Wait
// RepRapFirmware: G10 Sxx
void GCode::_print_first_layer_extruder_temperatures(GCodeOutputStream &file, Print &print, const std::string &gcode, uint16_t first_printing_extruder_id, bool wait)
{
    // Is the bed temperature set by the provided custom G-code?
    int  temp_by_gcode     = -1;
    bool include_g10   = print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfRepRap;
    if (custom_gcode_sets_temperature(gcode, 104, 109, include_g10, temp_by_gcode)) {
        // Set the extruder temperature at m_writer, but throw away the generated G-code as it will be written with the custom G-code.
        int temp = print.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(first_printing_extruder_id);
        if (temp == 0)
            temp = print.config().temperature.get_at(first_printing_extruder_id);
        if (temp_by_gcode >= 0 && temp_by_gcode < 1000)
            temp = temp_by_gcode;
        //set writer, don't write gcode
        m_writer.set_temperature(temp, wait, first_printing_extruder_id);
    } else {
        // Custom G-code does not set the extruder temperature. Do it now.
        if (!print.config().single_extruder_multi_material.value) {
            // Set temperatures of all the printing extruders.
            for (const Extruder& tool : m_writer.extruders()) {
                int temp = print.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(tool.id());
                if (temp == 0)
                    temp = print.config().temperature.get_at(tool.id());
                if (print.config().ooze_prevention.value)
                    temp += print.config().standby_temperature_delta.value;
                if (temp > 0)
                    file.write(m_writer.set_temperature(temp, false, tool.id()));
            }
        }
        if (wait || print.config().single_extruder_multi_material.value) {
            // Set temperature of the first printing extruder only.
            int temp = print.config().first_layer_temperature.get_at(first_printing_extruder_id);
            if (temp == 0)
                temp = print.config().temperature.get_at(first_printing_extruder_id);
            if (temp > 0)
                file.write(m_writer.set_temperature(temp, wait, first_printing_extruder_id));
        }
    }
}

inline GCode::ObjectByExtruder& object_by_extruder(
    std::map<uint16_t, std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder>>     &by_extruder,
    uint16_t                                                      extruder_id,
    size_t                                                        object_idx,
    size_t                                                        num_objects)
{
    std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder> &objects_by_extruder = by_extruder[extruder_id];
    if (objects_by_extruder.empty())
        objects_by_extruder.assign(num_objects, GCode::ObjectByExtruder());
    return objects_by_extruder[object_idx];
}

inline std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder::Island>& object_islands_by_extruder(
    std::map<uint16_t, std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder>>      &by_extruder,
    uint16_t                                                       extruder_id,
    size_t                                                         object_idx,
    size_t                                                         num_objects,
    size_t                                                         num_islands)
{
    std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder::Island> &islands = object_by_extruder(by_extruder, extruder_id, object_idx, num_objects).islands;
    if (islands.empty())
        islands.assign(num_islands, GCode::ObjectByExtruder::Island());
    return islands;
}

std::vector<GCode::InstanceToPrint> GCode::sort_print_object_instances(
	std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder> 		&objects_by_extruder,
	const std::vector<LayerToPrint> 			&layers,
	// Ordering must be defined for normal (non-sequential print).
	const std::vector<const PrintInstance*> 	*ordering,
	// For sequential print, the instance of the object to be printing has to be defined.
	const size_t                     		 	 single_object_instance_idx)
{
    std::vector<InstanceToPrint> out;

    if (ordering == nullptr) {
    	// Sequential print, single object is being printed.
		for (ObjectByExtruder &object_by_extruder : objects_by_extruder) {
		    const size_t       layer_id     = &object_by_extruder - objects_by_extruder.data();
		    const PrintObject *print_object = layers[layer_id].object();
		    if (print_object)
		    	out.emplace_back(object_by_extruder, layer_id, *print_object, single_object_instance_idx);
		}
    } else {
		// Create mapping from PrintObject* to ObjectByExtruder*.
		std::vector<std::pair<const PrintObject*, ObjectByExtruder*>> sorted;
		sorted.reserve(objects_by_extruder.size());
		for (ObjectByExtruder &object_by_extruder : objects_by_extruder) {
		    const size_t       layer_id     = &object_by_extruder - objects_by_extruder.data();
		    const PrintObject *print_object = layers[layer_id].object();
		    if (print_object)
		    	sorted.emplace_back(print_object, &object_by_extruder);
		}
		std::sort(sorted.begin(), sorted.end());

		if (! sorted.empty()) {
		    out.reserve(sorted.size());
		    for (const PrintInstance *instance : *ordering) {
		    	const PrintObject &print_object = *instance->print_object;
		    	std::pair<const PrintObject*, ObjectByExtruder*> key(&print_object, nullptr);
		    	auto it = std::lower_bound(sorted.begin(), sorted.end(), key);
		    	if (it != sorted.end() && it->first == &print_object)
		    		// ObjectByExtruder for this PrintObject was found.
					out.emplace_back(*it->second, it->second - objects_by_extruder.data(), print_object, instance - print_object.instances().data());
		    }
		}
	}
	return out;
}

namespace ProcessLayer
{
std::string emit_custom_gcode_per_print_z(
    GCode                                                   &gcodegen,
    const CustomGCode::Item                                 *custom_gcode,
    uint16_t                                                 current_extruder_id,
    // ID of the first extruder printing this layer.
    uint16_t                                                first_extruder_id,
    const Print                                             &print,
    PrintStatistics                                         &stats)
{
    std::string gcode;
    bool single_extruder_printer = print.config().nozzle_diameter.size() == 1;

    if (custom_gcode != nullptr) {
        // Extruder switches are processed by LayerTools, they should be filtered out.
        assert(custom_gcode->type != CustomGCode::ToolChange);

        CustomGCode::Type   gcode_type = custom_gcode->type;
        bool  				color_change = gcode_type == CustomGCode::ColorChange;
        bool 				tool_change = gcode_type == CustomGCode::ToolChange;
        // Tool Change is applied as Color Change for a single extruder printer only.
        assert(!tool_change || single_extruder_printer);

        std::string pause_print_msg;
        int m600_extruder_before_layer = -1;
        if (color_change && custom_gcode->extruder > 0)
            m600_extruder_before_layer = custom_gcode->extruder - 1;
        else if (gcode_type == CustomGCode::PausePrint)
            pause_print_msg = custom_gcode->extra;

        if (color_change) {
            //update stats : length
            double previously_extruded = 0;
            for (const auto& tuple : stats.color_extruderid_to_used_filament)
                if (tuple.first == m600_extruder_before_layer)
                    previously_extruded += tuple.second;
            stats.color_extruderid_to_used_filament.emplace_back(m600_extruder_before_layer, gcodegen.writer().get_tool(m600_extruder_before_layer)->used_filament() - previously_extruded);
        }

        // we should add or not colorprint_change in respect to nozzle_diameter count instead of really used extruders count
        if (color_change || tool_change)
        {
            assert(m600_extruder_before_layer >= 0);
            // Color Change or Tool Change as Color Change.
                // add tag for processor
                gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Color_Change) + ",T" + std::to_string(m600_extruder_before_layer) + "," + custom_gcode->color + "\n";

                DynamicConfig cfg;
                cfg.set_key_value("next_colour", new ConfigOptionString(custom_gcode->color));
                if (!single_extruder_printer && m600_extruder_before_layer >= 0 && first_extruder_id != (unsigned)m600_extruder_before_layer
                    // && !MMU1
                    ) {
                    //! FIXME_in_fw show message during print pause
                    cfg.set_key_value("color_change_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(m600_extruder_before_layer));
                    gcode += gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("pause_print_gcode", print.config().pause_print_gcode, current_extruder_id, &cfg);
                    gcode += "\n";
                    gcode += "M117 Change filament for Extruder " + std::to_string(m600_extruder_before_layer) + "\n";
                }
                else {
                    cfg.set_key_value("color_change_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt(current_extruder_id)); // placeholder to avoid 'crashs'
                    gcode += gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("color_change_gcode", print.config().color_change_gcode, current_extruder_id, &cfg);
                    gcode += "\n";
                    //FIXME Tell G-code writer that M600 filled the extruder, thus the G-code writer shall reset the extruder to unretracted state after
                    // return from M600. Thus the G-code generated by the following line is ignored.
                    // see GH issue #6362
                    // merill: don't unretract, as it create problem on absolute position. Clear the retraction properley, plz.
                    gcodegen.writer().tool()->reset_retract();
                }
	        } 
	        else {
	            if (gcode_type == CustomGCode::PausePrint) // Pause print
	            {
                    // add tag for processor
                    gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Pause_Print) + "\n";
                    //! FIXME_in_fw show message during print pause
                    if (!pause_print_msg.empty())
                        gcode += "M117 " + pause_print_msg + "\n";
                    gcode += gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("pause_print_gcode", print.config().pause_print_gcode, current_extruder_id);
                } else {
                    // add tag for processor
                    gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Custom_Code) + "\n";
                    if (gcode_type == CustomGCode::Template)    // Template Custom Gcode
                        gcode += gcodegen.placeholder_parser_process("template_custom_gcode", print.config().template_custom_gcode, current_extruder_id);
                    else                                        // custom Gcode
                        gcode += custom_gcode->extra;

            }
            gcode += "\n";
        }
    }

    return gcode;
}

} // namespace ProcessLayer

namespace Skirt {
	static void skirt_loops_per_extruder_all_printing(const Print &print, const LayerTools &layer_tools, std::map<uint16_t, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> &skirt_loops_per_extruder_out)
	{
        // Prime all extruders printing over the 1st layer over the skirt lines.
        size_t n_loops = print.skirt().entities().size();
        size_t n_tools = layer_tools.extruders.size();
        size_t lines_per_extruder = (n_loops + n_tools - 1) / n_tools;
        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_loops; i += lines_per_extruder)
            skirt_loops_per_extruder_out[layer_tools.extruders[i / lines_per_extruder]] = std::pair<size_t, size_t>(i, std::min(i + lines_per_extruder, n_loops));
	}

    static std::map<uint16_t, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> make_skirt_loops_per_extruder_1st_layer(
        const Print             				&print,
        const LayerTools                		&layer_tools,
        // Heights (print_z) at which the skirt has already been extruded.
        std::vector<coordf_t>  			    	&skirt_done)
    {
        // Extrude skirt at the print_z of the raft layers and normal object layers
        // not at the print_z of the interlaced support material layers.
        std::map<uint16_t, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> skirt_loops_per_extruder_out;
        //For sequential print, the following test may fail when extruding the 2nd and other objects.
        // assert(skirt_done.empty());
        if (skirt_done.empty() && print.has_skirt() && ! print.skirt().entities().empty() && layer_tools.has_skirt) {
            if (print.skirt_first_layer()) {
                size_t n_loops = print.skirt_first_layer()->entities().size();
                size_t n_tools = layer_tools.extruders.size();
                size_t lines_per_extruder = (n_loops + n_tools - 1) / n_tools;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < n_loops; i += lines_per_extruder)
                    skirt_loops_per_extruder_out[layer_tools.extruders[i / lines_per_extruder]] = std::pair<size_t, size_t>(i, std::min(i + lines_per_extruder, n_loops));
            } else
                skirt_loops_per_extruder_all_printing(print, layer_tools, skirt_loops_per_extruder_out);
            skirt_done.emplace_back(layer_tools.print_z);
        }
        return skirt_loops_per_extruder_out;
    }

    static std::map<uint16_t, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> make_skirt_loops_per_extruder_other_layers(
        const Print 							&print,
        const LayerTools                		&layer_tools,
        // Heights (print_z) at which the skirt has already been extruded.
        std::vector<coordf_t>			    	&skirt_done)
    {
        // Extrude skirt at the print_z of the raft layers and normal object layers
        // not at the print_z of the interlaced support material layers.
        std::map<uint16_t, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> skirt_loops_per_extruder_out;
        if (print.has_skirt() && ! print.skirt().entities().empty() && layer_tools.has_skirt &&
            // infinite or high skirt does not make sense for sequential print here
            //(if it is selected, it's done in the "extrude object-only skirt" in process_layer)
            // Not enough skirt layers printed yet.
            (skirt_done.size() < (size_t)print.config().skirt_height.value || print.has_infinite_skirt())) {
            bool valid = ! skirt_done.empty() && skirt_done.back() < layer_tools.print_z - EPSILON;
            assert(valid);
            // This print_z has not been extruded yet (sequential print)
            // FIXME: The skirt_done should not be empty at this point. The check is a workaround
            // of https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/5652, but it deserves a real fix.
            if (valid) {
#if 0
                // Prime just the first printing extruder. This is original Slic3r's implementation.
                skirt_loops_per_extruder_out[layer_tools.extruders.front()] = std::pair<size_t, size_t>(0, print.config().skirts.value);
#else
                // Prime all extruders planned for this layer, see
                // https://github.com/prusa3d/PrusaSlicer/issues/469#issuecomment-322450619
                skirt_loops_per_extruder_all_printing(print, layer_tools, skirt_loops_per_extruder_out);
#endif
                assert(!skirt_done.empty());
                skirt_done.emplace_back(layer_tools.print_z);
            }
        }
        return skirt_loops_per_extruder_out;
    }

} // namespace Skirt

// Matches "G92 E0" with various forms of writing the zero and with an optional comment.
boost::regex regex_g92e0_gcode{ "^[ \\t]*[gG]92[ \\t]*[eE](0(\\.0*)?|\\.0+)[ \\t]*(;.*)?$" };

// In sequential mode, process_layer is called once per each object and its copy,
// therefore layers will contain a single entry and single_object_instance_idx will point to the copy of the object.
// In non-sequential mode, process_layer is called per each print_z height with all object and support layers accumulated.
// For multi-material prints, this routine minimizes extruder switches by gathering extruder specific extrusion paths
// and performing the extruder specific extrusions together.
GCode::LayerResult GCode::process_layer(
    const Print                             &print,
    PrintStatistics                         &print_stat,
    // Set of object & print layers of the same PrintObject and with the same print_z.
    const std::vector<LayerToPrint>         &layers,
    const LayerTools                        &layer_tools,
    const bool                               last_layer,
    // Pairs of PrintObject index and its instance index.
    const std::vector<const PrintInstance*> *ordering,
    // If set to size_t(-1), then print all copies of all objects.
    // Otherwise print a single copy of a single object.
    const size_t                     		 single_object_instance_idx)
{
    assert(! layers.empty());
    // Either printing all copies of all objects, or just a single copy of a single object.
    assert(single_object_instance_idx == size_t(-1) || layers.size() == 1);
    if(single_object_instance_idx != size_t(-1))
        m_print_object_instance_id = static_cast<uint16_t>(single_object_instance_idx);

    // First object, support and raft layer, if available.
    const Layer         *object_layer  = nullptr;
    const SupportLayer  *support_layer = nullptr;
    const SupportLayer  *raft_layer    = nullptr;
    for (const LayerToPrint &l : layers) {
        if (l.object_layer && ! object_layer)
            object_layer = l.object_layer;
        if (l.support_layer) {
            if (! support_layer)
                support_layer = l.support_layer;
            if (! raft_layer && support_layer->id() < support_layer->object()->slicing_parameters().raft_layers())
                raft_layer = support_layer;
        }
    }
    const Layer         &layer         = (object_layer != nullptr) ? *object_layer : *support_layer;
    GCode::LayerResult   result { {}, layer.id(), false, last_layer };
    if (layer_tools.extruders.empty())
        // Nothing to extrude.
        return result;

    // Extract 1st object_layer and support_layer of this set of layers with an equal print_z.
    coordf_t             print_z       = layer.print_z;
    bool                 first_layer   = layer.id() == 0;
    uint16_t         first_extruder_id = layer_tools.extruders.front();

    // Initialize config with the 1st object to be printed at this layer.
    m_config.apply(layer.object()->config(), true);

    // Check whether it is possible to apply the spiral vase logic for this layer.
    // Just a reminder: A spiral vase mode is allowed for a single object, single material print only.
    m_enable_loop_clipping = true;
    if (m_spiral_vase && layers.size() == 1 && support_layer == nullptr) {
        bool enable = (layer.id() > 0 || !layer.object()->has_brim()) && (layer.id() >= (size_t)print.config().skirt_height.value && ! print.has_infinite_skirt());
        if (enable) {
            for (const LayerRegion *layer_region : layer.regions())
                if (size_t(layer_region->region().config().bottom_solid_layers.value) > layer.id() ||
                    layer_region->perimeters.items_count() > 1u ||
                    layer_region->fills.items_count() > 0) {
                    enable = false;
                    break;
                }
        }
        result.spiral_vase_enable = enable;
        if (enable)
            m_spiral_vase_layer = std::abs(m_spiral_vase_layer) + 1;
        else
            m_spiral_vase_layer = -std::abs(m_spiral_vase_layer);
        // If we're going to apply spiralvase to this layer, disable loop clipping.
        m_enable_loop_clipping = !enable;
    }

    std::string gcode;
    assert(is_decimal_separator_point()); // for the sprintfs

    // add tag for processor
    gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Layer_Change) + "\n";
    // export layer z
    gcode += std::string(";Z:") + float_to_string_decimal_point(print_z) + "\n";

    // export layer height
    float height = first_layer ? static_cast<float>(print_z) : static_cast<float>(print_z) - m_last_layer_z;
    gcode += std::string(";") + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Height)
        + float_to_string_decimal_point(height) + "\n";

    // update caches
    m_last_layer_z = static_cast<float>(print_z);
    m_max_layer_z  = std::max(m_max_layer_z, m_last_layer_z);
    m_last_height = height;

    // Set new layer - this will change Z and force a retraction if retract_layer_change is enabled.
    coordf_t previous_print_z = m_layer != nullptr ? m_layer->print_z : 0;
    if (! print.config().before_layer_gcode.value.empty()) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("previous_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(previous_print_z));
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index + 1));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z",     new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
        config.set_key_value("max_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(m_max_layer_z));
        gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("before_layer_gcode",
            print.config().before_layer_gcode.value, m_writer.tool()->id(), &config)
            + "\n";
    }
    // print z move to next layer UNLESS
    // if it's going to the first layer, then we may want to delay the move in these condition:
    // there is no "after layer change gcode" and it's the first move from the unknown
    if (print.config().layer_gcode.value.empty() && !m_last_pos_defined && m_config.start_gcode_manual && (
            // there is a lift (on the first llyer, so the first move will bring us to the required height
        (m_writer.tool()->retract_lift() > 0 && (m_config.retract_lift_above.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) == 0 || BOOL_EXTRUDER_CONFIG(retract_lift_first_layer)))
        ||   // or lift_min is higher than the first layer height.
         m_config.lift_min.value > layer.print_z
            )) {
        m_delayed_layer_change = this->change_layer(print_z); //HACK for superslicer#1775
    } else {
        //extra lift on layer change if multiple objects
        if(single_object_instance_idx == size_t(-1) && (support_layer != nullptr || layers.size() > 1))
            set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, first_extruder_id);
        gcode += this->change_layer(print_z);  // this will increase m_layer_index
    }
    m_layer = &layer;
    m_object_layer_over_raft = false;
    if (! print.config().layer_gcode.value.empty()) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("previous_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(previous_print_z));
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z",   new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
        gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("layer_gcode",
            print.config().layer_gcode.value, m_writer.tool()->id(), &config)
            + "\n";
        config.set_key_value("max_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(m_max_layer_z));
    }

    //put G92 E0 is relative extrusion
    bool before_layer_gcode_resets_extruder = boost::regex_search(print.config().before_layer_gcode.value, regex_g92e0_gcode);
    bool layer_gcode_resets_extruder = boost::regex_search(print.config().layer_gcode.value, regex_g92e0_gcode);
    if (m_config.use_relative_e_distances) {
        // See GH issues prusa#6336 #5073$
        if (!before_layer_gcode_resets_extruder && !layer_gcode_resets_extruder) {
            gcode += "G92 E0";
            if (print.config().gcode_comments) {
                gcode += " ; reset extruder position to flush any extruder axis rounding";
            }
            gcode += "\n";
        }
    }

    if (! first_layer && ! m_second_layer_things_done) {
        // Transition from 1st to 2nd layer. Adjust nozzle temperatures as prescribed by the nozzle dependent
        // first_layer_temperature vs. temperature settings.
        for (const Extruder &extruder : m_writer.extruders()) {
            if (print.config().single_extruder_multi_material.value && extruder.id() != m_writer.tool()->id())
                // In single extruder multi material mode, set the temperature for the current extruder only.
                continue;
            int temperature = print.config().temperature.get_at(extruder.id());
            if(temperature > 0) // don't set it if disabled
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(temperature, false, extruder.id());
        }
        if(print.config().bed_temperature.get_at(first_extruder_id) > 0)  // don't set it if disabled
            gcode += m_writer.set_bed_temperature(print.config().bed_temperature.get_at(first_extruder_id));
        // Mark the temperature transition from 1st to 2nd layer to be finished.
        m_second_layer_things_done = true;
    }

    // Map from extruder ID to <begin, end> index of skirt loops to be extruded with that extruder.
    std::map<uint16_t, std::pair<size_t, size_t>> skirt_loops_per_extruder;

    if (single_object_instance_idx == size_t(-1)) {
        // Normal (non-sequential) print.
        gcode += ProcessLayer::emit_custom_gcode_per_print_z(*this, layer_tools.custom_gcode, m_writer.tool()->id(), first_extruder_id, print, print_stat);
    }
    // Extrude skirt at the print_z of the raft layers and normal object layers
    // not at the print_z of the interlaced support material layers.
    skirt_loops_per_extruder = first_layer ?
        Skirt::make_skirt_loops_per_extruder_1st_layer(print, layer_tools, m_skirt_done) :
        Skirt::make_skirt_loops_per_extruder_other_layers(print, layer_tools, m_skirt_done);

    // Group extrusions by an extruder, then by an object, an island and a region.
    std::map<uint16_t, std::vector<ObjectByExtruder>> by_extruder;
    bool is_anything_overridden = const_cast<LayerTools&>(layer_tools).wiping_extrusions().is_anything_overridden();
    for (const LayerToPrint &layer_to_print : layers) {
        if (layer_to_print.support_layer != nullptr) {
            const SupportLayer &support_layer = *layer_to_print.support_layer;
            const PrintObject  &object = *support_layer.object();
            if (! support_layer.support_fills.entities().empty()) {
                ExtrusionRole   role               = support_layer.support_fills.role();
                bool            has_support        = role == erMixed || role == erSupportMaterial;
                bool            has_interface      = role == erMixed || role == erSupportMaterialInterface;
                // Extruder ID of the support base. -1 if "don't care".
                uint16_t    support_extruder   = object.config().support_material_extruder.value - 1;
                // Shall the support be printed with the active extruder, preferably with non-soluble, to avoid tool changes?
                bool            support_dontcare   = object.config().support_material_extruder.value == 0;
                // Extruder ID of the support interface. -1 if "don't care".
                uint16_t    interface_extruder = object.config().support_material_interface_extruder.value - 1;
                // Shall the support interface be printed with the active extruder, preferably with non-soluble, to avoid tool changes?
                bool            interface_dontcare = object.config().support_material_interface_extruder.value == 0;
                if (support_dontcare || interface_dontcare) {
                    // Some support will be printed with "don't care" material, preferably non-soluble.
                    // Is the current extruder assigned a soluble filament?
                    uint16_t dontcare_extruder = first_extruder_id;
                    if (print.config().filament_soluble.get_at(dontcare_extruder)) {
                        // The last extruder printed on the previous layer extrudes soluble filament.
                        // Try to find a non-soluble extruder on the same layer.
                        for (uint16_t extruder_id : layer_tools.extruders)
                            if (! print.config().filament_soluble.get_at(extruder_id)) {
                                dontcare_extruder = extruder_id;
                                break;
                            }
                    }
                    if (support_dontcare)
                        support_extruder = dontcare_extruder;
                    if (interface_dontcare)
                        interface_extruder = dontcare_extruder;
                }
                // Both the support and the support interface are printed with the same extruder, therefore
                // the interface may be interleaved with the support base.
                bool single_extruder = ! has_support || support_extruder == interface_extruder;
                // Assign an extruder to the base.
                ObjectByExtruder &obj = object_by_extruder(by_extruder, has_support ? support_extruder : interface_extruder, &layer_to_print - layers.data(), layers.size());
                obj.support = &support_layer.support_fills;
                obj.support_extrusion_role = single_extruder ? erMixed : erSupportMaterial;
                if (! single_extruder && has_interface) {
                    ObjectByExtruder &obj_interface = object_by_extruder(by_extruder, interface_extruder, &layer_to_print - layers.data(), layers.size());
                    obj_interface.support = &support_layer.support_fills;
                    obj_interface.support_extrusion_role = erSupportMaterialInterface;
                }
            }
        }
        if (layer_to_print.object_layer != nullptr) {
            const Layer &layer = *layer_to_print.object_layer;
            // We now define a strategy for building perimeters and fills. The separation
            // between regions doesn't matter in terms of printing order, as we follow
            // another logic instead:
            // - we group all extrusions by extruder so that we minimize toolchanges
            // - we start from the last used extruder
            // - for each extruder, we group extrusions by island
            // - for each island, we extrude perimeters first, unless user set the infill_first
            //   option
            // (Still, we have to keep track of regions because we need to apply their config)
            size_t n_slices = layer.lslices.size();
            const std::vector<BoundingBox> &layer_surface_bboxes = layer.lslices_bboxes;
            // Traverse the slices in an increasing order of bounding box size, so that the islands inside another islands are tested first,
            // so we can just test a point inside ExPolygon::contour and we may skip testing the holes.
            std::vector<size_t> slices_test_order;
            slices_test_order.reserve(n_slices);
            for (size_t i = 0; i < n_slices; ++ i)
                slices_test_order.emplace_back(i);
            std::sort(slices_test_order.begin(), slices_test_order.end(), [&layer_surface_bboxes](size_t i, size_t j) {
                const Vec2d s1 = layer_surface_bboxes[i].size().cast<double>();
                const Vec2d s2 = layer_surface_bboxes[j].size().cast<double>();
                return s1.x() * s1.y() < s2.x() * s2.y();
            });
            auto point_inside_surface = [&layer, &layer_surface_bboxes](const size_t i, const Point &point) {
                const BoundingBox &bbox = layer_surface_bboxes[i];
                return point(0) >= bbox.min(0) && point(0) < bbox.max(0) &&
                       point(1) >= bbox.min(1) && point(1) < bbox.max(1) &&
                       layer.lslices[i].contour.contains(point);
            };

            for (size_t region_id = 0; region_id < layer.regions().size(); ++ region_id) {
                const LayerRegion *layerm = layer.regions()[region_id];
                if (layerm == nullptr)
                    continue;
                // PrintObjects own the PrintRegions, thus the pointer to PrintRegion would be unique to a PrintObject, they would not
                // identify the content of PrintRegion accross the whole print uniquely. Translate to a Print specific PrintRegion.
                const PrintRegion &region = print.get_print_region(layerm->region().print_region_id());

                // Now we must process perimeters and infills and create islands of extrusions in by_region std::map.
                // It is also necessary to save which extrusions are part of MM wiping and which are not.
                // The process is almost the same for perimeters and infills - we will do it in a cycle that repeats twice:
                std::vector<uint16_t> printing_extruders;
                auto process_entities = [&](ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region::Type entity_type, const ExtrusionEntitiesPtr& entities) {
                    for (const ExtrusionEntity* ee : entities) {
                        // extrusions represents infill or perimeter extrusions of a single island.
                        assert(dynamic_cast<const ExtrusionEntityCollection*>(ee) != nullptr);
                        const auto* extrusions = static_cast<const ExtrusionEntityCollection*>(ee);
                        if (extrusions->entities().empty()) // This shouldn't happen but first_point() would fail.
                            continue;

                        // This extrusion is part of certain Region, which tells us which extruder should be used for it:
                        int correct_extruder_id = layer_tools.extruder(*extrusions, region);

                        // Let's recover vector of extruder overrides:
                        const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy* entity_overrides = nullptr;
                        if (!layer_tools.has_extruder(correct_extruder_id)) {
                            // this entity is not overridden, but its extruder is not in layer_tools - we'll print it
                            // by last extruder on this layer (could happen e.g. when a wiping object is taller than others - dontcare extruders are eradicated from layer_tools)
                            correct_extruder_id = layer_tools.extruders.back();
                        }
                        printing_extruders.clear();
                        if (is_anything_overridden) {
                            entity_overrides = const_cast<LayerTools&>(layer_tools).wiping_extrusions().get_extruder_overrides(extrusions, correct_extruder_id, layer_to_print.object()->instances().size());
                            if (entity_overrides == nullptr) {
                                printing_extruders.emplace_back(correct_extruder_id);
                            } else {
                                printing_extruders.reserve(entity_overrides->size());
                                for (int extruder : *entity_overrides)
                                    printing_extruders.emplace_back(extruder >= 0 ?
                                        // at least one copy is overridden to use this extruder
                                        extruder :
                                        // at least one copy would normally be printed with this extruder (see get_extruder_overrides function for explanation)
                                        static_cast<uint16_t>(-extruder - 1));
                                Slic3r::sort_remove_duplicates(printing_extruders);
                            }
                        } else
                            printing_extruders.emplace_back(correct_extruder_id);

                        // Now we must add this extrusion into the by_extruder map, once for each extruder that will print it:
                        for (uint16_t extruder : printing_extruders)
                        {
                            std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island>& islands = object_islands_by_extruder(
                                by_extruder,
                                extruder,
                                &layer_to_print - layers.data(),
                                layers.size(), n_slices + 1);
                            for (size_t i = 0; i <= n_slices; ++i) {
                                bool   last = i == n_slices;
                                size_t island_idx = last ? n_slices : slices_test_order[i];
                                if (// extrusions->first_point does not fit inside any slice
                                    last ||
                                    // extrusions->first_point fits inside ith slice
                                    point_inside_surface(island_idx, extrusions->first_point())) {
                                    if (islands[island_idx].by_region.empty())
                                        islands[island_idx].by_region.assign(print.num_print_regions(), ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region());
                                    islands[island_idx].by_region[region.print_region_id()].append(entity_type, extrusions, entity_overrides);
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                };
                process_entities(ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region::INFILL, layerm->fills.entities());
                process_entities(ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region::PERIMETERS, layerm->perimeters.entities());
                process_entities(ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region::IRONING, layerm->ironings.entities());
            } // for regions
        }
    } // for objects

    // Extrude the skirt, brim, support, perimeters, infill ordered by the extruders.
    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid>> lower_layer_edge_grids(layers.size());
    for (uint16_t extruder_id : layer_tools.extruders)
    {
        gcode += (layer_tools.has_wipe_tower && m_wipe_tower) ?
            m_wipe_tower->tool_change(*this, extruder_id, extruder_id == layer_tools.extruders.back()) :
            this->set_extruder(extruder_id, print_z);

        // let analyzer tag generator aware of a role type change
        if (layer_tools.has_wipe_tower && m_wipe_tower)
            m_last_processor_extrusion_role = erWipeTower;

        //if first layer, ask for a bigger lift for travel to object, to be on the safe side
        if(single_object_instance_idx == size_t(-1) && m_layer_index == 0)
            set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, extruder_id);

        if (auto loops_it = skirt_loops_per_extruder.find(extruder_id); loops_it != skirt_loops_per_extruder.end()) {
            // before going to and from a global skirt, please ensure you are a a safe height
            set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, extruder_id);
            const std::pair<size_t, size_t> loops = loops_it->second;
            this->set_origin(0., 0.);
            m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp();
            Flow layer_skirt_flow = print.skirt_flow(extruder_id).with_height(float(m_skirt_done.back() - (m_skirt_done.size() == 1 ? 0. : m_skirt_done[m_skirt_done.size() - 2])));
            double mm3_per_mm = layer_skirt_flow.mm3_per_mm();
            const ExtrusionEntityCollection& coll = first_layer && print.skirt_first_layer() ? *print.skirt_first_layer() : print.skirt();
            for (size_t i = loops.first; i < loops.second; ++i) {
                // Adjust flow according to this layer's layer height.
                ExtrusionLoop loop = *dynamic_cast<const ExtrusionLoop*>(coll.entities()[i]);
                for (ExtrusionPath &path : loop.paths) {
                    assert(!std::isnan(layer_skirt_flow.height()));
                    assert(!std::isnan(mm3_per_mm));
                    path.height = layer_skirt_flow.height();
                    path.mm3_per_mm = mm3_per_mm;
                }
                gcode += this->extrude_loop(loop, "");
            }
            m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp(false);
            // Allow a straight travel move to the first object point if this is the first layer (but don't in next layers).
            if (first_layer && loops.first == 0)
                m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.disable_once();
            // before going to and from a global skirt, please ensure you are a a safe height
            set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, extruder_id);
        }

        // Extrude brim with the extruder of the 1st region.
        if (! m_brim_done) {
            this->set_origin(0., 0.);
            m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp();
            for (const ExtrusionEntity* brim_entity : print.brim().entities()) {
                //if first layer, ask for a bigger lift for travel to each brim, to be on the safe side
                set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, extruder_id);
                gcode += this->extrude_entity(*brim_entity, "Brim");
            }
            m_brim_done = true;
            m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp(false);
            // Allow a straight travel move to the first object point.
            m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.disable_once();
            //to go to the object-only skirt or brim, or to the object  (May be overriden here but I don't care)
            set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, extruder_id);
        }
        //extrude object-only skirt
        //TODO: use it also for wiping like the other one (as they are exlusiev)
        if (single_object_instance_idx != size_t(-1) && !layers.front().object()->skirt().empty()
            && extruder_id == layer_tools.extruders.front()) {

            const PrintObject *print_object = layers.front().object();
            this->set_origin(unscale(print_object->instances()[single_object_instance_idx].shift));
            if (this->m_layer != nullptr && (this->m_layer->id() < m_config.skirt_height || print.has_infinite_skirt() )) {
                if(first_layer && print.skirt_first_layer())
                    for (const ExtrusionEntity* ee : print_object->skirt_first_layer()->entities())
                        gcode += this->extrude_entity(*ee, "");
                else
                    for (const ExtrusionEntity *ee : print_object->skirt().entities())
                        gcode += this->extrude_entity(*ee, "");
            }
        }
        //extrude object-only brim
        if (single_object_instance_idx != size_t(-1) && !layers.front().object()->brim().empty()
            && extruder_id == layer_tools.extruders.front()) {

            const PrintObject *print_object = layers.front().object();
            this->set_origin(unscale(print_object->instances()[single_object_instance_idx].shift));
            if (this->m_layer != nullptr && this->m_layer->id() == 0) {
                m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp(true);
                for (const ExtrusionEntity *ee : print_object->brim().entities())
                    gcode += this->extrude_entity(*ee, "brim");
                m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp(false);
                m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.disable_once();
            }
        }


        auto objects_by_extruder_it = by_extruder.find(extruder_id);
        if (objects_by_extruder_it == by_extruder.end())
            continue;

		std::vector<InstanceToPrint> instances_to_print = sort_print_object_instances(objects_by_extruder_it->second, layers, ordering, single_object_instance_idx);

        // We are almost ready to print. However, we must go through all the objects twice to print the the overridden extrusions first (infill/perimeter wiping feature):
		std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region> by_region_per_copy_cache;
        for (int print_wipe_extrusions = is_anything_overridden; print_wipe_extrusions>=0; --print_wipe_extrusions) {
            if (is_anything_overridden && print_wipe_extrusions == 0)
                gcode+="; PURGING FINISHED\n";
            bool first_object = true;
            for (InstanceToPrint &instance_to_print : instances_to_print) {
                const LayerToPrint &layer_to_print = layers[instance_to_print.layer_id];
                // To control print speed of the 1st object layer printed over raft interface.
                bool object_layer_over_raft = layer_to_print.object_layer && layer_to_print.object_layer->id() > 0 && 
                    instance_to_print.print_object.slicing_parameters().raft_layers() == layer_to_print.object_layer->id();
                m_config.apply(instance_to_print.print_object.config(), true);
                m_layer = layer_to_print.layer();
                m_object_layer_over_raft = object_layer_over_raft;
                m_print_object_instance_id = static_cast<uint16_t>(instance_to_print.instance_id);
                if (m_config.avoid_crossing_perimeters)
                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.init_layer(*m_layer);
                //print object label to help the printer firmware know where it is (for removing the objects)
                if (this->config().gcode_label_objects) {
                    m_gcode_label_objects_start = std::string("; printing object ") + instance_to_print.print_object.model_object()->name
                        + " id:" + std::to_string(std::find(this->m_ordered_objects.begin(), this->m_ordered_objects.end(), &instance_to_print.print_object) - this->m_ordered_objects.begin())
                        + " copy " + std::to_string(instance_to_print.instance_id) + "\n";
                    if (print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinLegacy || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinFirmware || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfRepRap) {
                        size_t instance_plater_id = 0;
                        //get index of the current copy in the whole itemset;
                        for (const PrintObject* obj : this->m_ordered_objects)
                            if (obj == &instance_to_print.print_object)
                                break;
                            else
                                instance_plater_id += obj->instances().size();
                        instance_plater_id += instance_to_print.instance_id;
                        m_gcode_label_objects_start += std::string("M486 S") + std::to_string(instance_plater_id) + "\n";
                    }
                }
                // ask for a bigger lift for travel to object when moving to another object
                if (single_object_instance_idx == size_t(-1) && !first_object)
                    set_extra_lift(m_last_layer_z, layer.id(), print.config(), m_writer, extruder_id);
                else 
                    first_object = false;
                // When starting a new object, use the external motion planner for the first travel move.
                const Point &offset = instance_to_print.print_object.instances()[instance_to_print.instance_id].shift;
                std::pair<const PrintObject*, Point> this_object_copy(&instance_to_print.print_object, offset);
                if (m_last_obj_copy != this_object_copy)
                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp_once();
                m_last_obj_copy = this_object_copy;
                this->set_origin(unscale(offset));
                if (instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support != nullptr && !print_wipe_extrusions) {
                    m_layer = layer_to_print.support_layer;
                    m_object_layer_over_raft = false;
                    if (m_config.print_temperature > 0)
                        gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.print_temperature.value, false, m_writer.tool()->id());
                    else if (m_layer != nullptr && m_layer->bottom_z() < EPSILON && m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0)
                            gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
                    else if (m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0) // don't set it if disabled
                        gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
                    gcode += this->extrude_support(
                        // support_extrusion_role is erSupportMaterial, erSupportMaterialInterface or erMixed for all extrusion paths.
                    instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support->chained_path_from(m_last_pos, instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.support_extrusion_role));
                    m_layer = layer_to_print.layer();
                    m_object_layer_over_raft = object_layer_over_raft;
                }
                //FIXME order islands?
                // Sequential tool path ordering of multiple parts within the same object, aka. perimeter tracking (#5511)
                for (ObjectByExtruder::Island &island : instance_to_print.object_by_extruder.islands) {
                    const std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region>& by_region_specific =
                        is_anything_overridden ? 
                        island.by_region_per_copy(by_region_per_copy_cache, 
                            static_cast<uint16_t>(instance_to_print.instance_id), 
                            extruder_id, 
                            print_wipe_extrusions != 0) : 
                        island.by_region;
                    gcode += this->extrude_infill(print, by_region_specific, true);
                    gcode += this->extrude_perimeters(print, by_region_specific, lower_layer_edge_grids[instance_to_print.layer_id]);
                    gcode += this->extrude_infill(print, by_region_specific, false);
                    gcode += this->extrude_ironing(print, by_region_specific);
                }
                // Don't set m_gcode_label_objects_end if you don't had to write the m_gcode_label_objects_start.
                if (m_gcode_label_objects_start != "") {
                    m_gcode_label_objects_start = "";
                }else if (this->config().gcode_label_objects) {
                    m_gcode_label_objects_end = std::string("; stop printing object ") + instance_to_print.print_object.model_object()->name
                        + " id:" + std::to_string((std::find(this->m_ordered_objects.begin(), this->m_ordered_objects.end(), &instance_to_print.print_object) - this->m_ordered_objects.begin()))
                        + " copy " + std::to_string(instance_to_print.instance_id) + "\n";
                    if (print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinLegacy || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfMarlinFirmware || print.config().gcode_flavor.value == gcfRepRap) {
                        m_gcode_label_objects_end += std::string("M486 S-1") + "\n";
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

#if 0
    // Apply spiral vase post-processing if this layer contains suitable geometry
    // (we must feed all the G-code into the post-processor, including the first
    // bottom non-spiral layers otherwise it will mess with positions)
    // we apply spiral vase at this stage because it requires a full layer.
    // Just a reminder: A spiral vase mode is allowed for a single object per layer, single material print only.
    if (m_spiral_vase)
        gcode = m_spiral_vase->process_layer(std::move(gcode));


    //add milling post-process if enabled
    if (!config().milling_diameter.values.empty()) {
        bool milling_ok = false;
        for (const LayerToPrint& ltp : layers) {
            if (ltp.object_layer != nullptr) {
                for (const LayerRegion* lr : ltp.object_layer->regions()) {
                    if (!lr->milling.empty()) {
                        milling_ok = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (milling_ok) {
            if (!m_gcode_label_objects_end.empty()) {
                gcode += m_gcode_label_objects_end;
                m_gcode_label_objects_end = "";
            }
            //switch to mill
            gcode += "; milling ok\n";
            uint32_t current_extruder_filament = m_writer.tool()->id();
            uint32_t milling_extruder_id = uint32_t(config().nozzle_diameter.values.size());
            m_writer.toolchange(milling_extruder_id);
            m_placeholder_parser.set("current_extruder", milling_extruder_id);
            // Append the filament start G-code.
            const std::string& start_mill_gcode = m_config.milling_toolchange_start_gcode.get_at(0);
            if (!start_mill_gcode.empty()) {
                DynamicConfig config;
                config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)current_extruder_filament));
                config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)milling_extruder_id));
                config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
                config.set_key_value("previous_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(previous_print_z));
                config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
                // Process the start_mill_gcode for the new filament.
                gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("milling_toolchange_start_gcode", start_mill_gcode, current_extruder_filament, &config);
                check_add_eol(gcode);
            }

            gcode += "\n; began print:";
            for (const LayerToPrint& ltp : layers) {
                if (ltp.object_layer != nullptr) {
                    for (const PrintInstance& print_instance : ltp.object()->instances()){
                        this->set_origin(unscale(print_instance.shift));
                        for (const LayerRegion* lr : ltp.object_layer->regions()) {
                            if (!lr->milling.empty()) {
                                //EXTRUDE MOVES
                                gcode += "; extrude lr->milling\n";
                                gcode += this->extrude_entity(lr->milling, "; milling post-process");
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            //switch to extruder
            m_placeholder_parser.set("current_extruder", milling_extruder_id);
            // Append the filament start G-code.
            const std::string& end_mill_gcode = m_config.milling_toolchange_end_gcode.get_at(0);
            if (!end_mill_gcode.empty()) {
                DynamicConfig config;
                config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)milling_extruder_id));
                config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)current_extruder_filament));
                config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
                config.set_key_value("previous_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(previous_print_z));
                config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
                // Process the end_mill_gcode for the new filament.
                gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("milling_toolchange_start_gcode", end_mill_gcode, current_extruder_filament, &config);
                check_add_eol(gcode);
            }
            gcode += "; will go back to normal extruder\n";
            m_writer.toolchange(current_extruder_filament);
            //TODO: change wipetower code to add an other filament change per layer.
            //gcode += (layer_tools.has_wipe_tower && m_wipe_tower) ?
            //    m_wipe_tower->tool_change(*this, current_extruder_filament, current_extruder_filament == layer_tools.extruders.back()) :
            //    this->set_extruder(current_extruder_filament, print_z);
        }
    }


    // Apply cooling logic; this may alter speeds.
    if (m_cooling_buffer)
        gcode = m_cooling_buffer->process_layer(std::move(gcode), layer.id(),
            // Flush the cooling buffer at each object layer or possibly at the last layer, even if it contains just supports (This should not happen).
            object_layer || last_layer);

#ifdef HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER
    // Apply pressure equalization if enabled;
    // printf("G-code before filter:\n%s\n", gcode.c_str());
    if (m_pressure_equalizer)
        gcode = m_pressure_equalizer->process(gcode.c_str(), false);
    // printf("G-code after filter:\n%s\n", out.c_str());
#endif /* HAS_PRESSURE_EQUALIZER */

    file.write(gcode);
#endif

    BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(trace) << "Exported layer " << layer.id() << " print_z " << print_z <<
    log_memory_info();

    if(object_layer)
        print.set_status(int((layer.id() * 100) / layer_count()), std::string(L("Generating G-code layer %s / %s")), std::vector<std::string>{ std::to_string(layer.id()), std::to_string(layer_count()) }, PrintBase::SlicingStatus::DEFAULT | PrintBase::SlicingStatus::SECONDARY_STATE);

    result.gcode = std::move(gcode);
    result.cooling_buffer_flush = object_layer || raft_layer || last_layer;
    return result;
}

void GCode::apply_print_config(const PrintConfig &print_config)
{
    m_writer.apply_print_config(print_config);
    m_config.apply(print_config);
    m_scaled_gcode_resolution = scaled<double>(print_config.gcode_resolution.value);
}

void GCode::append_full_config(const Print &print, std::string &str)
{
    const DynamicPrintConfig &cfg = print.full_print_config();
    // Sorted list of config keys, which shall not be stored into the G-code. Initializer list.
    const std::vector<std::string> banned_keys { 
        "compatible_printers",
        "compatible_prints",
        //FIXME The print host keys should not be exported to full_print_config anymore. The following keys may likely be removed.
        "print_host",
        "printhost_apikey",
        "printhost_cafile",
        "printhost_client_cert",
        "printhost_port"
    };
    assert(std::is_sorted(banned_keys.begin(), banned_keys.end()));
    auto is_banned = [&banned_keys](const std::string &key) {
        return std::binary_search(banned_keys.begin(), banned_keys.end(), key);
    };
    for (const std::string &key : cfg.keys())
        if (! is_banned(key) && ! cfg.option(key)->is_nil())
            str += "; " + key + " = " + cfg.opt_serialize(key) + "\n";
}

void GCode::set_extruders(const std::vector<uint16_t>& extruder_ids)
{
    m_writer.set_extruders(extruder_ids);

    // enable wipe path generation if any extruder has wipe enabled
    m_wipe.enable = false;
    for (auto id : extruder_ids)
        if (m_config.wipe.get_at(id)) {
            m_wipe.enable = true;
            break;
        }
}

void GCode::set_origin(const Vec2d &pointf)
{
    // if origin increases (goes towards right), last_pos decreases because it goes towards left
    const Point translate(
        scale_(m_origin(0) - pointf(0)),
        scale_(m_origin(1) - pointf(1))
    );
    m_last_pos += translate;
    m_wipe.path.translate(translate);
    m_origin = pointf;
}

std::string GCode::preamble()
{
    std::string gcode;
    
    if (!this->config().start_gcode_manual)
        gcode = m_writer.preamble();

    /*  Perform a *silent* move to z_offset: we need this to initialize the Z
        position of our writer object so that any initial lift taking place
        before the first layer change will raise the extruder from the correct
        initial Z instead of 0.  */
    m_writer.travel_to_z(m_config.z_offset.value);
    //as this phony thing skip the acceleration writing, they have to be reset after that for real initialisation at the next move/extrusion
    m_writer.set_acceleration(0);
    
    return gcode;
}

// called by GCode::process_layer()
std::string GCode::change_layer(coordf_t print_z)
{
    std::string gcode;
    if (m_layer_count > 0)
        // Increment a progress bar indicator.
        gcode += m_writer.update_progress(++ m_layer_index, m_layer_count);
    coordf_t z = print_z + m_config.z_offset.value;  // in unscaled coordinates
    if (BOOL_EXTRUDER_CONFIG(retract_layer_change) && m_writer.will_move_z(z))
        gcode += this->retract();

    //if needed, write the gcode_label_objects_end then gcode_label_objects_start
    _add_object_change_labels(gcode);

    {
        std::ostringstream comment;
        comment << "move to next layer (" << m_layer_index << ")";
        gcode += m_writer.travel_to_z(z, comment.str());
    }

    // forget last wiping path as wiping after raising Z is pointless
    m_wipe.reset_path();

    return gcode;
}


static std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid> calculate_layer_edge_grid(const Layer& layer)
{
    auto out = make_unique<EdgeGrid::Grid>();

    // Create the distance field for a layer below.
    const coord_t distance_field_resolution = coord_t(scale_(1.) + 0.5);
    out->create(layer.lslices, distance_field_resolution);
    out->calculate_sdf();
#if 0
        {
            static int iRun = 0;
            BoundingBox bbox = (*lower_layer_edge_grid)->bbox();
            bbox.min(0) -= scale_(5.f);
            bbox.min(1) -= scale_(5.f);
            bbox.max(0) += scale_(5.f);
            bbox.max(1) += scale_(5.f);
            EdgeGrid::save_png(*(*lower_layer_edge_grid), bbox, scale_(0.1f), debug_out_path("GCode_extrude_loop_edge_grid-%d.png", iRun++));
        }
#endif
    return out;
}


//like extrude_loop but with varying z and two full round
std::string GCode::extrude_loop_vase(const ExtrusionLoop &original_loop, const std::string &description, double speed, std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid> *lower_layer_edge_grid)
{
    //don't keep the speed
    speed = -1;
    // get a copy; don't modify the orientation of the original loop object otherwise
    // next copies (if any) would not detect the correct orientation
    ExtrusionLoop loop_to_seam = original_loop;

    if (m_layer->lower_layer && lower_layer_edge_grid != nullptr && ! *lower_layer_edge_grid)
        *lower_layer_edge_grid = calculate_layer_edge_grid(*m_layer->lower_layer);

    // extrude all loops ccw
    //no! this was decided in perimeter_generator
    bool is_hole_loop = (loop_to_seam.loop_role() & ExtrusionLoopRole::elrHole) != 0;// loop.make_counter_clockwise();
    bool reverse_turn = loop_to_seam.polygon().is_clockwise() ^ is_hole_loop;

    split_at_seam_pos(loop_to_seam, lower_layer_edge_grid, reverse_turn);
    const coordf_t full_loop_length = loop_to_seam.length();

    // don't clip the path ?
    ExtrusionPaths &paths = loop_to_seam.paths;
    if (false && m_enable_loop_clipping && m_writer.tool_is_extruder()) {
        coordf_t clip_length = scale_(m_config.seam_gap.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)));
        coordf_t min_clip_length = scale_(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)) * 0.15;

        // get paths
        ExtrusionPaths clipped;
        if (clip_length > min_clip_length) {
            clipped = clip_end(paths, clip_length);
            clip_end(clipped, min_clip_length);
            for (ExtrusionPath& ep : clipped)
                ep.mm3_per_mm = 0;
            append(paths, clipped);
        } else {
            clip_end(paths, clip_length);
        }
    }

    if (paths.empty()) return "";

    // apply the small/external? perimeter speed
    if (speed == -1 && is_perimeter(paths.front().role()) && this->m_config.small_perimeter_speed.value > 0 && paths.front().role() != erThinWall){
        coordf_t min_length = scale_d(this->m_config.small_perimeter_min_length.get_abs_value(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)));
        coordf_t max_length = scale_d(this->m_config.small_perimeter_max_length.get_abs_value(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)));
        max_length = std::max(min_length, max_length);
        if (full_loop_length < max_length) {
            if (full_loop_length <= min_length) {
                speed = SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET;
            } else if (max_length > min_length) {
                //use a negative speed: it will be use as a ratio when computing the real speed
                speed = SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET - (full_loop_length - min_length) / (max_length - min_length);
            }
        }
    }

    //get extrusion length
    coordf_t length = 0;
    for (ExtrusionPaths::iterator path = paths.begin(); path != paths.end(); ++path) {
        //path->simplify(SCALED_RESOLUTION); //not useful, this should have been done before.
        length += path->length() * SCALING_FACTOR;
    }

    //all in unscaled coordinates (hence why it's coordf_t and not coord_t)
    const coordf_t min_height = m_config.min_layer_height.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), m_config.nozzle_diameter.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()));
    const coordf_t bot_init_z = - this->m_layer->height;
    //const coordf_t bot_last_z = bot_init_z + this->m_layer->height - m_config.min_layer_height.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), m_config.nozzle_diameter.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()));
    const coordf_t init_z = bot_init_z + min_height;
    //const coordf_t last_z = bot_init_z + this->m_layer->height;

    Point inward_point;
    //move the seam point inward a little bit
    if (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_inside_end, true) && paths.back().role() == erExternalPerimeter && m_layer != NULL && m_config.perimeters.value > 1 && paths.front().size() >= 2 && paths.back().polyline.points.size() >= 3) {
        // detect angle between last and first segment
        // the side depends on the original winding order of the polygon (left for contours, right for holes)
        //FIXME improve the algorithm in case the loop is tiny.
        //FIXME improve the algorithm in case the loop is split into segments with a low number of points (see the Point b query).
        Point a = paths.front().polyline.points[1];  // second point
        Point b = *(paths.back().polyline.points.end() - 3);       // second to last point
        if (reverse_turn) {
            // swap points
            Point c = a; a = b; b = c;
        }

        double angle = paths.front().first_point().ccw_angle(a, b) * 2 / 3;

        // turn left if contour, turn right if hole
        if (reverse_turn) angle *= -1;

        // create the destination point along the first segment and rotate it
        // we make sure we don't exceed the segment length because we don't know
        // the rotation of the second segment so we might cross the object boundary
        Vec2d  p1 = paths.front().polyline.points.front().cast<double>();
        Vec2d  p2 = paths.front().polyline.points[1].cast<double>();
        Vec2d  v = p2 - p1;
        double nd = scale_d(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, paths.front().width));
        double l2 = v.squaredNorm();
        // Shift by no more than a nozzle diameter.
        //FIXME Hiding the seams will not work nicely for very densely discretized contours!
        inward_point = (/*(nd * nd >= l2) ? p2 : */(p1 + v * (nd / sqrt(l2)))).cast<coord_t>();
        inward_point.rotate(angle, paths.front().polyline.points.front());
    }

    coordf_t current_pos_in_length = 0;
    coordf_t current_z = 0; // over init_z
    coordf_t current_height = min_height;
    coordf_t starting_height = min_height;
    enum Step {
        INCR = 0,
        FLAT = 1
    };
    std::string gcode;
    for (int step = 0; step < 2; step++) {
        current_pos_in_length = 0;
        current_z = 0;
        const coordf_t z_per_length = (step == Step::INCR) ? ((this->m_layer->height - (min_height + min_height)) / length) : 0;
        const coordf_t height_per_length = (step == Step::INCR) ? ((this->m_layer->height- (min_height + min_height)) / length) : ((-this->m_layer->height + (min_height + min_height)) / length);
        if (step == Step::FLAT) {
            current_height = this->m_layer->height - min_height;
            starting_height = this->m_layer->height - min_height;
        }
        Vec3d previous;
        for (ExtrusionPaths::iterator path = paths.begin(); path != paths.end(); ++path) {
            if (path == paths.begin() ){
                if (step == Step::INCR) {
                    if (paths.back().role() == erExternalPerimeter && m_layer != NULL && m_config.perimeters.value > 1 && paths.front().size() >= 2 && paths.back().polyline.points.size() >= 3) {
                        paths[0].polyline.points.insert(paths[0].polyline.points.begin(), inward_point);
                    }
                    this->m_writer.travel_to_z(this->m_layer->print_z + init_z);
                } else {
                    //ensure we're at the right height
                    this->m_writer.travel_to_z(this->m_layer->print_z);
                }
            }
            gcode += this->_before_extrude(*path, description, speed);
            if (path == paths.begin() && step == Step::INCR){
                if (paths.back().role() == erExternalPerimeter && m_layer != NULL && m_config.perimeters.value > 1 && paths.front().size() >= 2 && paths.back().polyline.points.size() >= 3) {
                    paths[0].polyline.points.erase(paths[0].polyline.points.begin());
                    gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(paths[0].polyline.points.front()), 0);
                }
            }

            // calculate extrusion length per distance unit
            double e_per_mm_per_height = (path->mm3_per_mm / this->m_layer->height)
                * m_writer.tool()->e_per_mm3()
                * this->config().print_extrusion_multiplier.get_abs_value(1);
            if (m_writer.extrusion_axis().empty())
                e_per_mm_per_height = 0;
            //extrude
            {
                std::string comment = m_config.gcode_comments ? description : "";
                for (const Line &line : path->polyline.lines()) {
                    const coordf_t line_length = line.length() * SCALING_FACTOR;
                    //don't go (much) more than a nozzle_size without a refresh of the z & extrusion rate
                    const int nb_sections = std::max(1,int(line_length / EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, paths.front().width)));
                    const coordf_t height_increment = height_per_length * line_length / nb_sections;
                    Vec3d last_point{ this->point_to_gcode(line.a).x(), this->point_to_gcode(line.a).y(), current_z };
                    const Vec3d pos_increment{ (this->point_to_gcode(line.b).x() - last_point.x()) / nb_sections,
                        (this->point_to_gcode(line.b).y() - last_point.y()) / nb_sections,
                        z_per_length * line_length / nb_sections };
                    coordf_t current_height_internal = current_height + height_increment / 2;
                    //ensure you go to the good xyz
                    if( (last_point - previous).norm() > EPSILON)
                        gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xyz(last_point, 0, description);
                    //extrusions
                    for (int i = 0; i < nb_sections - 1; i++) {
                        Vec3d new_point = last_point + pos_increment;
                        gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xyz(new_point,
                            e_per_mm_per_height * (line_length / nb_sections) * current_height_internal,
                            description);
                        current_height_internal += height_increment;
                        last_point = new_point;
                    }
                    //last bit will go to the exact last pos
                    last_point.x() = this->point_to_gcode(line.b).x();
                    last_point.y() = this->point_to_gcode(line.b).y();
                    last_point.z() = current_z + z_per_length * line_length;
                    gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xyz(
                        last_point,
                        e_per_mm_per_height * (line_length / nb_sections) * current_height_internal,
                        comment);
                    previous = last_point;

                    //update vars for next line
                    current_pos_in_length += line_length;
                    current_z = current_pos_in_length * z_per_length;//last_point.z();
                    current_height = starting_height + current_pos_in_length * height_per_length;
                }
            }
            gcode += this->_after_extrude(*path);
        }
    }

    // reset acceleration
    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint16_t)floor(get_default_acceleration(m_config) + 0.5));

    //don't wipe here
    //if (m_wipe.enable)
    //    m_wipe.path = paths.front().polyline;  // TODO: don't limit wipe to last path

    //just continue on the perimeter a bit while retracting
    //FIXME this doesn't work work, hence why it's commented
    //coordf_t travel_length = std::min(length, EXTRUDER_CONFIG(nozzle_diameter) * 10);
    //for (auto & path : paths){
    //    for (const Line &line : path.polyline.lines()) {
    //        if (unscaled(line.length()) > travel_length) {
    //            // generate the travel move
    //            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(line.b), 0.0, "move inwards before travel");
    //            travel_length -= unscaled(line.length());
    //        }
    //        else
    //        {
    //            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(line.a) + (this->point_to_gcode(line.b) - this->point_to_gcode(line.a)) * (travel_length / unscaled(line.length())), 0.0, "move before travel");
    //            travel_length = 0;
    //            //double break;
    //            goto FINISH_MOVE;
    //        }
    //    }
    //}
    //FINISH_MOVE:

    // make a little move inwards before leaving loop
    if (paths.back().role() == erExternalPerimeter && m_layer != NULL && m_config.perimeters.value > 1 && paths.front().size() >= 2 && paths.back().polyline.points.size() >= 3) {
        // detect angle between last and first segment
        // the side depends on the original winding order of the polygon (left for contours, right for holes)
        //FIXME improve the algorithm in case the loop is tiny.
        //FIXME improve the algorithm in case the loop is split into segments with a low number of points (see the Point b query).
        Point a = paths.front().polyline.points[1];  // second point
        Point b = *(paths.back().polyline.points.end() - 3);       // second to last point
        if (reverse_turn) {
            // swap points
            Point c = a; a = b; b = c;
        }

        double angle = paths.front().first_point().ccw_angle(a, b) / 3;

        // turn left if contour, turn right if hole
        if (reverse_turn) angle *= -1;

        // create the destination point along the first segment and rotate it
        // we make sure we don't exceed the segment length because we don't know
        // the rotation of the second segment so we might cross the object boundary
        Vec2d  p1 = paths.front().polyline.points.front().cast<double>();
        Vec2d  p2 = paths.front().polyline.points[1].cast<double>();
        Vec2d  v = p2 - p1;
        coordf_t nd = scale_d(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, paths.front().width));
        double l2 = v.squaredNorm();
        // Shift by no more than a nozzle diameter.
        //FIXME Hiding the seams will not work nicely for very densely discretized contours!
        inward_point = (/*(nd * nd >= l2) ? p2 : */(p1 + v * (nd / sqrt(l2)))).cast<coord_t>();
        inward_point.rotate(angle, paths.front().polyline.points.front());
        
        // generate the travel move
        gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(inward_point), 0.0, "move inwards before travel");
    }

    return gcode;
}

void GCode::split_at_seam_pos(ExtrusionLoop& loop, std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid>* lower_layer_edge_grid, bool was_clockwise)
{
    if (loop.paths.empty())
        return;

//    SeamPosition seam_position = m_config.seam_position;
//    if (loop.loop_role() == elrSkirt)
//        seam_position = spNearest;

    // find the point of the loop that is closest to the current extruder position
    // or randomize if requested
    Point last_pos = this->last_pos();
    //for first spiral, choose the seam, as the position will be very relevant.
    if (m_spiral_vase_layer > 1 /* spiral vase is printign and it's after the transition layer (that one can find a good spot)*/) {
            loop.split_at(last_pos, false);
    /*} else {
        const EdgeGrid::Grid* edge_grid_ptr = (lower_layer_edge_grid && *lower_layer_edge_grid)
            ? lower_layer_edge_grid->get()
            : nullptr;
        Point seam = m_seam_placer.get_seam(*m_layer, seam_position, loop,
            last_pos, EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0),
            (m_layer == NULL ? nullptr : m_layer->object()),
            m_print_object_instance_id,
            was_clockwise,
            edge_grid_ptr);
        // Split the loop at the point with a minium penalty.
        if (!loop.split_at_vertex(seam))
            // The point is not in the original loop. Insert it.
            loop.split_at(seam, true);*/
    } else {
        m_seam_placer.place_seam(loop, *this->layer(),
            this->last_pos(), m_config.external_perimeters_first,
            EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0.4),
            m_print_object_instance_id,
            lower_layer_edge_grid ? lower_layer_edge_grid->get() : nullptr);
    }
}

namespace check_wipe {
    bool check_reduce(const Polygon& external_polygon, coord_t wipe_inside_depth, Point reference, coord_t threshold) {
        //reduce
        Polygons reduced = offset(external_polygon, -wipe_inside_depth);
        for (Polygon& poly_to_test : reduced) {
            const Point* closest = poly_to_test.closest_point(external_polygon.front());
            // because sqrt(2) = 1.42 and it's the worst case
            if (closest->distance_to(external_polygon.front()) < coordf_t(wipe_inside_depth * 1.43)) {
                Point pt_proj = poly_to_test.point_projection(reference);
                Point pt_temp;
                if (pt_proj.distance_to(reference) < threshold || poly_to_test.intersection(Line{ reference , external_polygon.front() }, &pt_temp)) {
                    //ok
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    coord_t max_depth(const ExtrusionPaths& paths, coord_t wipe_inside_depth, coord_t nozzle_width, std::function<Point(coord_t)> compute_point) {
        assert(wipe_inside_depth > 0);
        assert(nozzle_width > 0);
        //create polygon
        Polyline full_polyline;
        for (const ExtrusionPath& path : paths) {
            full_polyline.points.insert(full_polyline.end(), path.polyline.points.begin(), path.polyline.points.end());
        }
        full_polyline.simplify(nozzle_width);
        Polygon external_polygon(full_polyline.points);
        // check dichotomic
        coord_t current_dist = wipe_inside_depth;
        bool increased = true;
        coord_t delta = wipe_inside_depth - nozzle_width / 2;
        bool success = check_reduce(external_polygon, current_dist, compute_point(current_dist), nozzle_width / 2);
        if (!success) {
            int iter = 0;
            const size_t nb_iter = size_t(std::sqrt(int(delta / nozzle_width)));
            for (iter = 0; iter < nb_iter; ++iter) {
                delta /= 2;
                increased = success;
                if (increased)
                    current_dist += delta;
                else
                    current_dist -= delta;
                success = check_reduce(external_polygon, current_dist, compute_point(current_dist), nozzle_width/2);
            }
        }
        if (!success) {
            return std::max(nozzle_width / 2, current_dist - delta);
        } else {
            return current_dist;
        }
    }
}

std::string GCode::extrude_loop(const ExtrusionLoop &original_loop, const std::string &description, double speed, std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid> *lower_layer_edge_grid)
{
#if DEBUG_EXTRUSION_OUTPUT
    std::cout << "extrude loop_" << (original_loop.polygon().is_counter_clockwise() ? "ccw" : "clw") << ": ";
    for (const ExtrusionPath &path : original_loop.paths) {
        std::cout << ", path{ ";
        for (const Point &pt : path.polyline.points) {
            std::cout << ", " << floor(100 * unscale<double>(pt.x())) / 100.0 << ":" << floor(100 * unscale<double>(pt.y())) / 100.0;
        }
        std::cout << "}";
    }
    std::cout << "\n";
#endif

    //no-seam code path redirect
    if (original_loop.role() == ExtrusionRole::erExternalPerimeter && (original_loop.loop_role() & elrVase) != 0 && !this->m_config.spiral_vase
        //but not for the first layer
        && this->m_layer->id() > 0
        //exclude if min_layer_height * 2 > layer_height (increase from 2 to 3 because it's working but uses in-between)
        && this->m_layer->height >= m_config.min_layer_height.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), m_config.nozzle_diameter.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id())) * 2 - EPSILON
        ) {
        return extrude_loop_vase(original_loop, description, speed, lower_layer_edge_grid);
    }

    // get a copy; don't modify the orientation of the original loop object otherwise
    // next copies (if any) would not detect the correct orientation
    ExtrusionLoop loop_to_seam = original_loop;

    if (m_layer->lower_layer != nullptr && lower_layer_edge_grid != nullptr) {
        if (! *lower_layer_edge_grid) {
            // Create the distance field for a layer below.
            const coord_t distance_field_resolution = coord_t(scale_(1.) + 0.5);
            *lower_layer_edge_grid = make_unique<EdgeGrid::Grid>();
            (*lower_layer_edge_grid)->create(m_layer->lower_layer->lslices, distance_field_resolution);
            (*lower_layer_edge_grid)->calculate_sdf();
            #if 0
            {
                static int iRun = 0;
                BoundingBox bbox = (*lower_layer_edge_grid)->bbox();
                bbox.min(0) -= scale_(5.f);
                bbox.min(1) -= scale_(5.f);
                bbox.max(0) += scale_(5.f);
                bbox.max(1) += scale_(5.f);
                EdgeGrid::save_png(*(*lower_layer_edge_grid), bbox, scale_(0.1f), debug_out_path("GCode_extrude_loop_edge_grid-%d.png", iRun++));
            }
            #endif
        }
    }

    // extrude all loops ccw
    //no! this was decided in perimeter_generator
    //but we need to know where is "inside", so we will use is_hole_loop. if is_hole_loop, then we need toconsider that the right direction is clockwise, else counter clockwise. 
    bool is_hole_loop = (loop_to_seam.loop_role() & ExtrusionLoopRole::elrHole) != 0;// loop.make_counter_clockwise();

    //if spiral vase, we have to ensure that all loops are in the same orientation.
    if (this->m_config.spiral_vase) {
        loop_to_seam.make_counter_clockwise();
        is_hole_loop = false;
    }

    split_at_seam_pos(loop_to_seam, lower_layer_edge_grid, is_hole_loop);
    const coordf_t full_loop_length = loop_to_seam.length();
    const bool is_full_loop_ccw = loop_to_seam.polygon().is_counter_clockwise();
    //after that point, loop_to_seam can be modified by 'paths', so don't use it anymore
    
    // clip the path to avoid the extruder to get exactly on the first point of the loop;
    // if polyline was shorter than the clipping distance we'd get a null polyline, so
    // we discard it in that case
    ExtrusionPaths& building_paths = loop_to_seam.paths;
    if (m_enable_loop_clipping && m_writer.tool_is_extruder()) {
        coordf_t clip_length = scale_(m_config.seam_gap.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)));
        coordf_t min_clip_length = scale_(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)) * 0.15;

        // get paths
        ExtrusionPaths clipped;
        if (clip_length > min_clip_length) {
                // remove clip_length, like normally, but keep the removed part
            clipped = clip_end(building_paths, clip_length);
                // remove min_clip_length from the removed paths
            clip_end(clipped, min_clip_length);
                // ensure that the removed paths are travels
            for (ExtrusionPath& ep : clipped)
                ep.mm3_per_mm = 0;
                // re-add removed paths as travels.
            append(building_paths, clipped);
        } else {
            clip_end(building_paths, clip_length);
        }
    }
    if (building_paths.empty()) return "";
    const ExtrusionPaths& paths = building_paths;

    // apply the small perimeter speed
    if (speed == -1 && is_perimeter(paths.front().role()) && paths.front().role() != erThinWall) {
        double min_length = scale_d(this->m_config.small_perimeter_min_length.get_abs_value(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)));
        double max_length = scale_d(this->m_config.small_perimeter_max_length.get_abs_value(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0)));
        if (full_loop_length < max_length) {
            if (full_loop_length <= min_length) {
                speed = SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET;
            } else if (max_length > min_length) {
                //use a negative speed: it will be use as a ratio when computing the real speed
                speed = SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET - (full_loop_length - min_length) / (max_length - min_length);
            }
        }
    }

    std::string gcode;

    // generate the unretracting/wipe start move (same thing than for the end, but on the other side)
    assert(!paths.empty() && paths.front().size() > 1 && !paths.back().empty());
    if (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_inside_start, true) && !paths.empty() && paths.front().size() > 1 && paths.back().size() > 1 && paths.front().role() == erExternalPerimeter) {
        //note: previous & next are inverted to extrude "in the opposite direction, ans we are "rewinding"
        //Point previous_point = paths.back().polyline.points.back();
        Point previous_point = paths.front().polyline.points[1];
        Point current_point = paths.front().polyline.points.front();
        //Point next_point = paths.front().polyline.points[1];
        Point next_point = paths.back().polyline.points.back();
        if (next_point == current_point) {
            //can happen if seam_gap is null
            next_point = paths.back().polyline.points[paths.back().polyline.points.size()-2];
        }
        Point a = next_point;  // second point
        Point b = previous_point;  // second to last point
        if (is_hole_loop ? (!is_full_loop_ccw) : (is_full_loop_ccw)) {
            // swap points
            Point c = a; a = b; b = c;
        }
        double angle = current_point.ccw_angle(a, b) / 3;

        // turn left if contour, turn right if hole
        if (is_hole_loop ? (!is_full_loop_ccw) : (is_full_loop_ccw)) angle *= -1;

        // create the destination point along the first segment and rotate it
        // we make sure we don't exceed the segment length because we don't know
        // the rotation of the second segment so we might cross the object boundary
        Vec2d  current_pos = current_point.cast<double>();
        Vec2d  next_pos = next_point.cast<double>();
        Vec2d  vec_dist = next_pos - current_pos;
        double vec_norm = vec_dist.norm();
        const double nozzle_diam = (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0));
        const double setting_max_depth = (m_config.wipe_inside_depth.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), nozzle_diam));
        coordf_t dist = scale_d(nozzle_diam) / 2;
        Point  pt = (current_pos + vec_dist * (2 * dist / vec_norm)).cast<coord_t>();
        pt.rotate(angle, current_point);
        //check if we can go to higher dist
        if (nozzle_diam != 0 && setting_max_depth > nozzle_diam * 0.55) {
            // call travel_to to trigger retract, so we can check it (but don't use the travel)
            travel_to(gcode, pt, paths.front().role());
            if (m_writer.tool()->need_unretract())
                dist = coordf_t(check_wipe::max_depth(paths, scale_t(setting_max_depth), scale_t(nozzle_diam), [current_pos, current_point, vec_dist, vec_norm, angle](coord_t dist)->Point {
                    Point pt = (current_pos + vec_dist * (2 * dist / vec_norm)).cast<coord_t>();
                    pt.rotate(angle, current_point);
                    return pt;
                    }));
        }
        // Shift by no more than a nozzle diameter.
        //FIXME Hiding the seams will not work nicely for very densely discretized contours!
        pt = (/*(nd >= vec_norm) ? next_pos : */(current_pos + vec_dist * ( 2 * dist / vec_norm))).cast<coord_t>();
        pt.rotate(angle, current_point);
        //gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(pt), 0.0, "move inwards before retraction/seam");
        //this->set_last_pos(pt);
        // use extrude instead of travel_to_xy to trigger the unretract
        ExtrusionPath fake_path_wipe(Polyline{ pt , current_point }, paths.front());
        fake_path_wipe.mm3_per_mm = 0;
        gcode += extrude_path(fake_path_wipe, "move inwards before retraction/seam", speed);
    }
    
    // extrude along the path
    //FIXME: we can have one-point paths in the loop that don't move : it's useless! and can create problems!
    for (auto path = paths.begin(); path != paths.end(); ++path) {
        if(path->polyline.points.size()>1)
            gcode += extrude_path(*path, description, speed);
    }

    // reset acceleration
    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint16_t)floor(get_default_acceleration(m_config) + 0.5));

    if (m_wipe.enable)
        m_wipe.path = paths.front().polyline;  // TODO: don't limit wipe to last path

    //wipe for External Perimeter (and not vase)
    if (paths.back().role() == erExternalPerimeter && m_layer != NULL && m_config.perimeters.value > 0 && paths.front().size() >= 2 && paths.back().polyline.points.size() >= 2
        && (m_enable_loop_clipping && m_writer.tool_is_extruder()) ) {
        //get points for wipe
        Point prev_point = *(paths.back().polyline.points.end() - 2);       // second to last point
        // *(paths.back().polyline.points.end() - 2) this is the same as (or should be) as paths.front().first_point();
        Point current_point = paths.front().first_point();
        Point next_point = paths.front().polyline.points[1];  // second point
        //safeguard : if a error exist abord;
        if (next_point == current_point || prev_point == current_point) {
            assert(false);
            return gcode;
        }

        gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Wipe_Start) + "\n";
        //extra wipe before the little move.
        if (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_extra_perimeter, 0) > 0) {
            coordf_t wipe_dist = scale_(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_extra_perimeter,0));
            ExtrusionPaths paths_wipe;
            m_wipe.reset_path();
            for (int i = 0; i < paths.size(); i++) {
                const ExtrusionPath& path = paths[i];
                if (wipe_dist > 0) {
                    //first, we use the polyline for wipe_extra_perimeter
                    if (path.length() < wipe_dist) {
                        wipe_dist -= path.length();
                        paths_wipe.push_back(path);
                    } else {
                        paths_wipe.push_back(path);
                        paths_wipe.back().clip_end(path.length() - wipe_dist);

                        ExtrusionPath next_point_path = path;
                        next_point_path.reverse();
                        next_point_path.clip_end(wipe_dist);
                        next_point_path.reverse();
                        if (next_point_path.size() > 1) {
                            next_point = next_point_path.polyline.points[1];
                        } else if (i + 1 < paths.size()) {
                            next_point = paths[i + 1].first_point();
                        } else {
                            next_point = paths[0].first_point();
                        }
                            m_wipe.path.append(path.polyline);
                            m_wipe.path.clip_start(wipe_dist);
                            wipe_dist -= path.length();
                    }
                } else {
                    //then, it's stored for the wipe on retract
                    m_wipe.path.append(path.polyline);
                }
            }
            //move
            for (ExtrusionPath& path : paths_wipe) {
                for (Point& pt : path.polyline.points) {
                    prev_point = current_point;
                    current_point = pt;
                    gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(pt), 0.0, config().gcode_comments ? "; extra wipe" : "");
                    this->set_last_pos(pt);
                }
            }
        }

        // make a little move inwards before leaving loop
        
        // detect angle between last and first segment
        // the side depends on the original winding order of the polygon (left for contours, right for holes)
        //FIXME improve the algorithm in case the loop is tiny.
        //FIXME improve the algorithm in case the loop is split into segments with a low number of points (see the Point b query).
        Point a = next_point;  // second point
        Point b = prev_point;  // second to last point
        if (is_hole_loop ? is_full_loop_ccw : (!is_full_loop_ccw)) {
            // swap points
            Point c = a; a = b; b = c;
        }
        double angle = current_point.ccw_angle(a, b) / 3;
        
        // turn left if contour, turn right if hole
        if (is_hole_loop ? is_full_loop_ccw : (!is_full_loop_ccw)) angle *= -1;

        // create the destination point along the first segment and rotate it
        // we make sure we don't exceed the segment length because we don't know
        // the rotation of the second segment so we might cross the object boundary
        Vec2d  current_pos = current_point.cast<double>();
        Vec2d  next_pos = next_point.cast<double>();
        Vec2d  vec_dist = next_pos - current_pos;
        double vec_norm = vec_dist.norm();
        const double nozzle_diam = (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0));
        const double setting_max_depth = (m_config.wipe_inside_depth.get_abs_value(m_writer.tool()->id(), nozzle_diam));
        coordf_t dist = scale_d(nozzle_diam) / 2;
        if (nozzle_diam != 0 && setting_max_depth > nozzle_diam * 0.55)
            dist = coordf_t(check_wipe::max_depth(paths, scale_t(setting_max_depth), scale_t(nozzle_diam), [current_pos, current_point, vec_dist, vec_norm, angle](coord_t dist)->Point {
            Point pt = (current_pos + vec_dist * (2 * dist / vec_norm)).cast<coord_t>();
            pt.rotate(angle, current_point);
            return pt;
                }));
        // Shift by no more than a nozzle diameter.
        //FIXME Hiding the seams will not work nicely for very densely discretized contours!
        Point pt_inside = (/*(nd >= vec_norm) ? next_pos : */ (current_pos + vec_dist * (2 * dist / vec_norm))).cast<coord_t>();
        pt_inside.rotate(angle, current_point);
        // generate the travel move
        if (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_inside_end, true)) {
            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(pt_inside), 0.0, "move inwards before travel");
            this->set_last_pos(pt_inside);
        }

        gcode += ";" + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Wipe_End) + "\n";

        // also shift the wipe on retract if wipe_inside_end
        if (m_wipe.enable && EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_inside_end, true)) {
            current_pos = pt_inside.cast<double>();
            //go to the inside (use clipper for easy shift)
            Polygon original_polygon = original_loop.polygon();
            Polygons polys = offset(original_polygon, -dist);
            //find nearest point
            size_t best_poly_idx = 0;
            size_t best_pt_idx = 0;
            const coordf_t max_sqr_dist = dist * dist * 8; // 2*nozzle²
            coordf_t best_sqr_dist = max_sqr_dist;
            for (size_t poly_idx = 0; poly_idx < polys.size(); poly_idx++) {
                Polygon& poly = polys[poly_idx];
                if (poly.is_clockwise() ^ original_polygon.is_clockwise())
                    poly.reverse();
                for (size_t pt_idx = 0; pt_idx < poly.points.size(); pt_idx++) {
                    if (poly.points[pt_idx].distance_to_square(pt_inside) < best_sqr_dist) {
                        best_sqr_dist = poly.points[pt_idx].distance_to_square(pt_inside);
                        best_poly_idx = poly_idx;
                        best_pt_idx = pt_idx;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (best_sqr_dist == max_sqr_dist) {
                //try to find an edge
                for (size_t poly_idx = 0; poly_idx < polys.size(); poly_idx++) {
                    Polygon& poly = polys[poly_idx];
                    if (poly.is_clockwise() ^ original_polygon.is_clockwise())
                        poly.reverse();
                    poly.points.push_back(poly.points.front());
                    for (size_t pt_idx = 0; pt_idx < poly.points.size()-1; pt_idx++) {
                        if (Line{ poly.points[pt_idx], poly.points[pt_idx + 1] }.distance_to_squared(pt_inside) < best_sqr_dist) {
                            poly.points.insert(poly.points.begin() + pt_idx + 1, pt_inside);
                            best_sqr_dist = 0;
                            best_poly_idx = poly_idx;
                            best_pt_idx = pt_idx + 1;
                            poly.points.erase(poly.points.end() - 1);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
            if (best_sqr_dist == max_sqr_dist) {
                //can't find a path, use the old one
                //BOOST_LOG_TRIVIAL(warning) << "Warn: can't find a proper path for wipe on retract. Layer " << m_layer_index << ", pos " << this->point_to_gcode(pt).x() << " : " << this->point_to_gcode(pt).y() << " !";
            } else {
                m_wipe.reset_path();
                //get the points from here
                Polygon& poly = polys[best_poly_idx];
                for (size_t pt_idx = best_pt_idx; pt_idx < poly.points.size(); pt_idx++) {
                    m_wipe.path.append(poly.points[pt_idx]);
                }
                for (size_t pt_idx = 0; pt_idx < best_pt_idx; pt_idx++) {
                    m_wipe.path.append(poly.points[pt_idx]);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::extrude_multi_path(const ExtrusionMultiPath &multipath, const std::string &description, double speed) {
    // extrude along the path
    std::string gcode;
    for (const ExtrusionPath &path : multipath.paths) {
        gcode += extrude_path(path, description, speed);
    }
    if (m_wipe.enable) {
        m_wipe.path = std::move(multipath.paths.back().polyline);  // TODO: don't limit wipe to last path
        m_wipe.path.reverse();
    }
    // reset acceleration
    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint16_t)floor(get_default_acceleration(m_config) + 0.5));
    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::extrude_multi_path3D(const ExtrusionMultiPath3D &multipath3D, const std::string &description, double speed) {
    // extrude along the path
    std::string gcode;
    for (const ExtrusionPath3D &path : multipath3D.paths) {

        gcode += this->_before_extrude(path, description, speed);

        // calculate extrusion length per distance unit
        double e_per_mm = path.mm3_per_mm
            * m_writer.tool()->e_per_mm3()
            * this->config().print_extrusion_multiplier.get_abs_value(1);
        if (m_writer.extrusion_axis().empty()) e_per_mm = 0;
        double path_length = 0.;
        {
            std::string comment = m_config.gcode_comments ? description : "";
            //for (const Line &line : path.polyline.lines()) {
            for (size_t i = 0; i < path.polyline.points.size() - 1; i++) {
                Line line(path.polyline.points[i], path.polyline.points[i + 1]);
                const double line_length = line.length() * SCALING_FACTOR;
                path_length += line_length;
                gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xyz(
                    this->point_to_gcode(line.b, path.z_offsets.size()>i+1 ? path.z_offsets[i+1] : 0),
                    e_per_mm * line_length,
                    comment);
            }
        }
        gcode += this->_after_extrude(path);
    }
    if (m_wipe.enable) {
        m_wipe.path = std::move(multipath3D.paths.back().polyline);  // TODO: don't limit wipe to last path
        m_wipe.path.reverse();
    }
    // reset acceleration
    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint16_t)floor(get_default_acceleration(m_config) + 0.5));
    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::extrude_entity(const ExtrusionEntity &entity, const std::string &description, double speed, std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid> *lower_layer_edge_grid)
{
    this->visitor_gcode.clear();
    this->visitor_comment = description;
    this->visitor_speed = speed;
    this->visitor_lower_layer_edge_grid = lower_layer_edge_grid;
    entity.visit(*this);
    return this->visitor_gcode;
}

void GCode::use(const ExtrusionEntityCollection &collection) {
    if (!collection.can_sort() || collection.role() == erMixed) {
        for (const ExtrusionEntity* next_entity : collection.entities()) {
            next_entity->visit(*this);
        }
    } else {
        ExtrusionEntityCollection chained = collection.chained_path_from(m_last_pos);
        for (const ExtrusionEntity* next_entity : chained.entities()) {
            next_entity->visit(*this);
        }
    }
}

std::string GCode::extrude_path(const ExtrusionPath &path, const std::string &description, double speed_mm_per_sec) {
    std::string gcode;
    ExtrusionPath simplifed_path = path;
    // simplify with gcode_resolution (not used yet). Simplify by jusntion deviation before the g1/sec count, to be able to use that decimation to reduce max_gcode_per_second triggers.
    // But as it can be visible on cylinders, should only be called if a max_gcode_per_second trigger may come.
    //simplifed_path.simplify(m_scaled_gcode_resolution);
    const coordf_t scaled_min_length = scale_d(this->config().min_length.value);
    const double max_gcode_per_second = this->config().max_gcode_per_second.value;
    double current_scaled_min_length = scaled_min_length;
    if (max_gcode_per_second > 0) {
        current_scaled_min_length = std::max(current_scaled_min_length, scale_(_compute_speed_mm_per_sec(path, speed_mm_per_sec)) / max_gcode_per_second);
    }
    if (current_scaled_min_length > 0 && !m_last_too_small.empty()) {
        //ensure that it's a continous thing of the same type
        if (m_last_too_small.last_point().distance_to_square(path.first_point()) < EPSILON * EPSILON * 4 && path.role() == m_last_too_small.role()){
            simplifed_path.height = float(m_last_too_small.height * m_last_too_small.length() + simplifed_path.height * simplifed_path.length()) / float(m_last_too_small.length() + simplifed_path.length());
            simplifed_path.mm3_per_mm = (m_last_too_small.mm3_per_mm * m_last_too_small.length() + simplifed_path.mm3_per_mm * simplifed_path.length()) / (m_last_too_small.length() + simplifed_path.length());
            simplifed_path.polyline.points.insert(simplifed_path.polyline.points.begin(), m_last_too_small.polyline.points.begin(), m_last_too_small.polyline.points.end()-1);
            assert(simplifed_path.height == simplifed_path.height);
            assert(simplifed_path.mm3_per_mm == simplifed_path.mm3_per_mm);
            m_last_too_small.polyline.points.clear();
        } else {
            //finish extrude the little thing that was left before us and incompatible with our next extrusion.
            ExtrusionPath to_finish = m_last_too_small;
            m_last_too_small.polyline.points.clear();
            gcode += extrude_path(m_last_too_small, m_last_description, m_last_speed_mm_per_sec);
        }
    }
    if (current_scaled_min_length > 0) {
        // it's an alternative to simplifed_path.simplify(scale_(this->config().min_length)); with more enphasis ont he segment length that on the feature detail.
        // because tolerance = min_length /10, douglas_peucker will erase more points if angles are shallower than 6° and then the '_plus' will kick in to keep a bit more.
        // if angles are all bigger than 6°, then the douglas_peucker will do all the work.
        simplifed_path.polyline.points = MultiPoint::_douglas_peucker_plus(simplifed_path.polyline.points, current_scaled_min_length / 10, current_scaled_min_length);
    }
    if (scaled_min_length > 0 && simplifed_path.length() < scaled_min_length) {
        m_last_too_small = simplifed_path;
        m_last_description = description;
        m_last_speed_mm_per_sec = speed_mm_per_sec;
        return gcode;
    }

    gcode += this->_extrude(simplifed_path, description, speed_mm_per_sec);

    if (m_wipe.enable) {
        m_wipe.path = std::move(simplifed_path.polyline);
        m_wipe.path.reverse();
    }
    // reset acceleration
    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint16_t)floor(get_default_acceleration(m_config) + 0.5));
    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::extrude_path_3D(const ExtrusionPath3D &path, const std::string &description, double speed) {
    //path.simplify(SCALED_RESOLUTION);
    std::string gcode = this->_before_extrude(path, description, speed);

    // calculate extrusion length per distance unit
    double e_per_mm = path.mm3_per_mm
        * m_writer.tool()->e_per_mm3()
        * this->config().print_extrusion_multiplier.get_abs_value(1);
    if (m_writer.extrusion_axis().empty()) e_per_mm = 0;
    double path_length = 0.;
    {
        std::string comment = m_config.gcode_comments ? description : "";
        //for (const Line &line : path.polyline.lines()) {
        for (size_t i = 0; i < path.polyline.points.size()-1;i++) {
            Line line(path.polyline.points[i], path.polyline.points[i + 1]);
            const double line_length = line.length() * SCALING_FACTOR;
            path_length += line_length;
            gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xyz(
                this->point_to_gcode(line.b, path.z_offsets.size()>i ? path.z_offsets[i] : 0),
                e_per_mm * line_length,
                comment);
        }
    }
    gcode += this->_after_extrude(path);

    if (m_wipe.enable) {
        m_wipe.path = std::move(path.polyline);
        m_wipe.path.reverse();
    }
    // reset acceleration
    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint16_t)floor(get_default_acceleration(m_config) + 0.5));
    return gcode;
}

// Extrude perimeters: Decide where to put seams (hide or align seams).
std::string GCode::extrude_perimeters(const Print &print, const std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region> &by_region, std::unique_ptr<EdgeGrid::Grid> &lower_layer_edge_grid)
{
    std::string gcode;
    for (const ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region &region : by_region)
        if (! region.perimeters.empty()) {
            m_region = &print.get_print_region(&region - &by_region.front());

            // plan_perimeters tries to place seams, it needs to have the lower_layer_edge_grid calculated already.
            if (m_layer->lower_layer && ! lower_layer_edge_grid)
                lower_layer_edge_grid = calculate_layer_edge_grid(*m_layer->lower_layer);

            m_seam_placer.plan_perimeters(std::vector<const ExtrusionEntity*>(region.perimeters.begin(), region.perimeters.end()),
                *m_layer, m_config.seam_position,
                this->last_pos(), EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0.4), (m_layer == NULL ? nullptr : m_layer->object()),
                m_print_object_instance_id,
                (lower_layer_edge_grid ? lower_layer_edge_grid.get() : nullptr));
            m_config.apply(m_region->config());
            m_writer.apply_print_region_config(m_region->config());
            if (m_config.print_temperature > 0)
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.print_temperature.value, false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            else if (m_layer != nullptr && m_layer->bottom_z() < EPSILON && m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0)
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            else if (m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0) // don't set it if disabled
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            for (const ExtrusionEntity *ee : region.perimeters)
                gcode += this->extrude_entity(*ee, "", -1., &lower_layer_edge_grid);
            m_region = nullptr;
        }
    return gcode;
}

// Chain the paths hierarchically by a greedy algorithm to minimize a travel distance.
std::string GCode::extrude_infill(const Print& print, const std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region>& by_region, bool is_infill_first)
{
    std::string gcode;
    for (const ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region& region : by_region) {
        m_region = &print.get_print_region(&region - &by_region.front());
        if (!region.infills.empty() &&
            (m_region->config().infill_first == is_infill_first)) {
            m_config.apply(m_region->config());
            m_writer.apply_print_region_config(m_region->config());
            if (m_config.print_temperature > 0)
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.print_temperature.value, false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            else if (m_layer != nullptr && m_layer->bottom_z() < EPSILON && m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0)
                    gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            else if (m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0) // don't set it if disabled
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            ExtrusionEntitiesPtr extrusions{ region.infills };
            chain_and_reorder_extrusion_entities(extrusions, &m_last_pos);
            for (const ExtrusionEntity* fill : extrusions) {
                gcode += extrude_entity(*fill, "");
            }
        }
        m_region = nullptr;
    }
    return gcode;
}

// Chain the paths hierarchically by a greedy algorithm to minimize a travel distance.
std::string GCode::extrude_ironing(const Print& print, const std::vector<ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region>& by_region)
{
    std::string gcode;
    for (const ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region& region : by_region) {
        if (!region.ironings.empty()) {
            m_region = &print.get_print_region(&region - &by_region.front());
            m_config.apply(m_region->config());
            m_writer.apply_print_region_config(m_region->config());
            if (m_config.print_temperature > 0)
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.print_temperature.value, false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            else if (m_layer != nullptr && m_layer->bottom_z() < EPSILON && m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0)
                    gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            else if (m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()) > 0)
                gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(m_config.temperature.get_at(m_writer.tool()->id()), false, m_writer.tool()->id());
            ExtrusionEntitiesPtr extrusions{ region.ironings };
            chain_and_reorder_extrusion_entities(extrusions, &m_last_pos);
            for (const ExtrusionEntity* fill : extrusions) {
                gcode += extrude_entity(*fill, "");
            }
            m_region = nullptr;
        }
    }
    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::extrude_support(const ExtrusionEntityCollection &support_fills)
{
    static constexpr const char *support_label            = "support material";
    static constexpr const char *support_interface_label  = "support material interface";

    std::string gcode;
    if (! support_fills.entities().empty()) {
        const double  support_speed            = m_config.get_computed_value("support_material_speed");
        const double  support_interface_speed  = m_config.get_computed_value("support_material_interface_speed");
        for (const ExtrusionEntity *ee : support_fills.entities()) {
            ExtrusionRole role = ee->role();
            assert(role == erSupportMaterial || role == erSupportMaterialInterface || role == erMixed);
            if (const ExtrusionEntityCollection* coll = dynamic_cast<const ExtrusionEntityCollection*>(ee)) {
                gcode += extrude_support(*coll);
                continue;
            }
            const char  *label = (role == erSupportMaterial) ? support_label : support_interface_label;
            const double speed = (role == erSupportMaterial) ? support_speed : support_interface_speed;
            visitor_gcode = "";
            visitor_comment = label;
            visitor_speed = speed;
            visitor_lower_layer_edge_grid = nullptr;
            ee->visit(*this); // will call extrude_thing()
            gcode += visitor_gcode;
        }
    }
    return gcode;
}



bool GCode::GCodeOutputStream::is_error() const 
{
    return ::ferror(this->f);
}

void GCode::GCodeOutputStream::flush()
{
    // allow preproc to flush if they retain strings.
    //std::string str_preproc;
    //m_gcodegen._post_process(str_preproc, true);
    //if (!str_preproc.empty()) {
    //    const char* gcode = str_preproc.c_str();
    //    // writes string to file
    //    fwrite(gcode, 1, ::strlen(gcode), this->f);
    //    //FIXME don't allocate a string, maybe process a batch of lines?
    //    m_processor.process_buffer(std::string(gcode));
    //}
    // flush to file
    ::fflush(this->f);
}

void GCode::GCodeOutputStream::close()
{ 
    if (this->f) {
        ::fclose(this->f);
        this->f = nullptr;
    }
}

void GCode::GCodeOutputStream::write(const char *what)
{
    if (what != nullptr) {
        //FIXME don't allocate a string, maybe process a batch of lines?
        std::string gcode(m_find_replace ? m_find_replace->process_layer(what) : what);
        // writes string to file
        fwrite(gcode.c_str(), 1, gcode.size(), this->f);
        m_processor.process_buffer(gcode);
    }
}

void GCode::GCodeOutputStream::writeln(const std::string &what)
{
    if (! what.empty())
        this->write(what.back() == '\n' ? what : what + '\n');
}

void GCode::GCodeOutputStream::write_format(const char* format, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);

    int buflen;
    {
        va_list args2;
        va_copy(args2, args);
        buflen =
    #ifdef _MSC_VER
            ::_vscprintf(format, args2)
    #else
            ::vsnprintf(nullptr, 0, format, args2)
    #endif
            + 1;
        va_end(args2);
    }

    char buffer[1024];
    bool buffer_dynamic = buflen > 1024;
    char *bufptr = buffer_dynamic ? (char*)malloc(buflen) : buffer;
    int res = ::vsnprintf(bufptr, buflen, format, args);
    if (res > 0)
        this->write(bufptr);

    if (buffer_dynamic)
        free(bufptr);

    va_end(args);
}

//external_perimeter_cut_corners cache, from 30deg to 145deg (115 deg)
std::vector<double> cut_corner_cache = {
    0.001537451157993,0.001699627500179,0.001873176359929,0.002058542095754,0.002256177154906,0.002466542444994,0.002690107718482,0.002927351970781,0.003178763852686,0.003444842097951,
    0.003726095966834,0.004023045706492,0.004336223029152,0.00466617160904,0.005013447599101,0.005378620168593,0.005762272062727,0.006165000185567,0.006587416207474,0.007030147198493,
    0.007493836289104,0.007979143359902,0.008486745761834,0.009017339068734,0.00957163786399,0.010150376563326,0.010754310275767,0.011384215705013,0.012040892093603,0.012725162212361,
    0.013437873397832,0.01417989864057,0.01495213772733,0.01575551844043,0.016590997817786,0.017459563477334,0.018362235009846,0.019300065444398,0.020274142791089,0.021285591665892,
    0.022335575002924,0.023425295859755,0.024555999321851,0.025728974512639,0.026945556716223,0.028207129620272,0.029515127687218,0.030871038662503,0.032276406229305,0.033732832819934,
    0.035241982594887,0.036805584601441,0.038425436124638,0.040103406244574,0.041841439615055,0.043641560479958,0.045505876945025,0.047436585524337,0.049435975982392,0.051506436494553,
    0.053650459150638,0.055870645828676,0.058169714468295,0.0605505057759,0.063015990396837,0.065569276592991,0.068213618467979,0.070952424786126,0.073789268435947,0.076727896593837,
    0.079772241649261,0.082926432958949,0.086194809504486,0.089581933535469,0.093092605289007,0.096731878886046,0.100505079515854,0.10441782203221,0.108476031098559,0.112685963034856,
    0.117054229536308,0.121587823453898,0.126294146848979,0.131181041559526,0.136256822544454,0.141530314305188,0.147010890721085,0.152708518678027,0.158633805918466,0.164798053597366,
    0.17121331409307,0.17789245469658,0.184849227888721,0.192098349014236,0.199655582277462,0.207537836118677,0.215763269187181,0.224351408310655,0.233323280075731,0.242701557887958,
    0.252510726678311,0.262777267777188,0.27352986689699,0.284799648665007,0.296620441746888,0.309029079319231,0.322065740515038,0.335774339512048,0.350202970204428,0.365404415947691,
    0.381436735764648,0.398363940736199,0.416256777189962,0.435193636891737,0.455261618934834 };

std::string GCode::_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, const std::string &description, double speed) {

    std::string descr = description.empty() ? ExtrusionEntity::role_to_string(path.role()) : description;
    std::string gcode = this->_before_extrude(path, descr, speed);
    
    // calculate extrusion length per distance unit
    double e_per_mm = path.mm3_per_mm
        * m_writer.tool()->e_per_mm3()
        * this->config().print_extrusion_multiplier.get_abs_value(1);
    if (m_layer->bottom_z() < EPSILON) e_per_mm *= this->config().first_layer_flow_ratio.get_abs_value(1);
    if (m_writer.extrusion_axis().empty()) e_per_mm = 0;
    if (path.polyline.lines().size() > 0) {
        //get last direction //TODO: save it
        {
            std::string comment = m_config.gcode_comments ? descr : "";
            if (path.role() != erExternalPerimeter || config().external_perimeter_cut_corners.value == 0) {
                // normal & legacy pathcode
                for (const Line& line : path.polyline.lines()) {
                    if (line.a == line.b) continue; //todo: investigate if it happens (it happens in perimeters)
                    gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                        this->point_to_gcode(line.b),
                        e_per_mm * unscaled(line.length()),
                        comment);
                }
            } else {
                // external_perimeter_cut_corners pathcode
                Point last_pos = path.polyline.lines()[0].a;
                for (const Line& line : path.polyline.lines()) {
                    if (line.a == line.b) continue; //todo: investigate if it happens (it happens in perimeters)
                    //check the angle
                    double angle = line.a == last_pos ? PI : line.a.ccw_angle(last_pos, line.b);
                    //convert the angle from the angle of the line to the angle of the "joint" (Circular segment)
                    if (angle > PI) angle = angle - PI;
                    else angle = PI - angle;
                    int idx_angle = int(180 * angle / PI);
                    // the coeff is below 0.01 i the angle is higher than 125, so it's not useful
                    if (idx_angle > 60) {
                        //don't compensate if the angle is under 35, as it's already a 50% compensation, it's enough! 
                        if (idx_angle > 144) idx_angle = 144;
                        //surface extruded in path.width is path.width * path.width
                        // define R = path.width/2 and a = angle/2
                        // then i have to print only 4RR + RR(2a-sin(2a))/2 - RR*sina*sina*tana if i want to remove the bits out of the external curve, if the internal overlap go to the exterior.
                        // so over RR, i have to multiply the extrudion per 1 + (2a-sin(2a))/8 - (sina*sina*tana)/4
                        //double R = scale_(path.width) / 2;
                        //double A = (PI - angle) / 2;
                        //double added = (A - std::sin(A + A) / 2);
                        //double removed = std::sin(A); removed = removed * removed * std::tan(A) / 4;
                        //double coeff = 1. + added - removed;
                        //we have to remove coeff percentage on path.width length
                        double coeff = cut_corner_cache[idx_angle-30];
                        //the length, do half of the work on width/4 and the other half on width/2
                        double length1 = (path.width) / 4;
                        double line_length = unscaled(line.length());
                        if (line_length > length1) {
                            double mult1 = 1 - coeff * 2;
                            double length2 = (path.width) / 2;
                            double mult2 = 1 - coeff;
                            double sum = 0;
                            //Create a point
                            Point inter_point1 = line.point_at(scale_d(length1));
                            //extrude very reduced
                            gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                                this->point_to_gcode(inter_point1),
                                e_per_mm * (length1) * mult1,
                                comment);
                            sum += e_per_mm * (length1) * mult1;

                            if (line_length - length1 > length2) {
                                Point inter_point2 = line.point_at(scale_d(length1 + length2));
                                //extrude reduced
                                gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                                    this->point_to_gcode(inter_point2),
                                    e_per_mm * (length2) * mult2,
                                    comment);
                                sum += e_per_mm * (length2) * mult2;

                                //extrude normal
                                gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                                    this->point_to_gcode(line.b),
                                    e_per_mm * (line_length - (length1 + length2)),
                                    comment);
                                sum += e_per_mm * (line_length - (length1 + length2));
                            } else {
                                mult2 = 1 - coeff * (length2 / (line_length - length1));
                                gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                                    this->point_to_gcode(line.b),
                                    e_per_mm * (line_length - length1) * mult2,
                                    comment);
                                sum += e_per_mm * (line_length - length1) * mult2;
                            }
                        } else {
                            double mult = std::max(0.1, 1 - coeff * (scale_(path.width) / line_length));
                            gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                                this->point_to_gcode(line.b),
                                e_per_mm * line_length * mult,
                                comment);
                        }
                    } else {
                        // nothing special, angle is too shallow to have any impact.
                        gcode += m_writer.extrude_to_xy(
                            this->point_to_gcode(line.b),
                            e_per_mm * unscaled(line.length()),
                            comment);
                    }

                    //relance
                    last_pos = line.a;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    gcode += this->_after_extrude(path);

    return gcode;
}

double_t GCode::_compute_speed_mm_per_sec(const ExtrusionPath& path, double speed) {

    float factor = 1;
    // set speed
    if (speed < 0) {
        //if speed == -1, then it's means "choose yourself, but if it's < SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET, then it's a scaling from small_perimeter.
        if (speed <= SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET) {
            factor = float(-speed + SMALL_PERIMETER_SPEED_RATIO_OFFSET);
        }
        //it's a bit hacky, so if you want to rework it, help yourself.
        if (path.role() == erPerimeter) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("perimeter_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erExternalPerimeter) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("external_perimeter_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erBridgeInfill) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("bridge_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erInternalBridgeInfill) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("bridge_speed_internal");
        } else if (path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("overhangs_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erInternalInfill) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("infill_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erSolidInfill) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("solid_infill_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erTopSolidInfill) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("top_solid_infill_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erThinWall) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("thin_walls_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erGapFill) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("gap_fill_speed");
            double max_ratio = m_config.gap_fill_flow_match_perimeter.get_abs_value(1.);
            if (max_ratio > 0 && m_region) {
                //compute intended perimeter flow
                Flow fl = m_region->flow(*m_layer->object(), FlowRole::frPerimeter, m_layer->height, m_layer->id() == 0);
                double max_vol_speed = fl.mm3_per_mm() * max_ratio * m_config.get_computed_value("perimeter_speed");
                double current_vol_speed = path.mm3_per_mm * speed;
                if (max_vol_speed < current_vol_speed) {
                    speed = max_vol_speed / path.mm3_per_mm;
                }
            }
        } else if (path.role() == erIroning) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("ironing_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erNone) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("travel_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erMilling) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("milling_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erSupportMaterial) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("support_material_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erSupportMaterialInterface) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("support_material_interface_speed");
        } else if (path.role() == erSkirt) {
            speed = m_config.get_computed_value("brim_speed");
        } else {
            throw Slic3r::InvalidArgument("Invalid speed");
        }
    }
    if (m_volumetric_speed != 0. && speed == 0) {
        //if m_volumetric_speed, use the max size for thinwall & gapfill, to avoid variations
        double vol_speed = m_volumetric_speed / path.mm3_per_mm;
        double max_print_speed = m_config.get_computed_value("max_print_speed");
        if (vol_speed > max_print_speed)
            vol_speed = max_print_speed;
        // if using a % of an auto speed, use the % over the volumetric speed.
        if (path.role() == erPerimeter) {
            speed = m_config.perimeter_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erExternalPerimeter) {
            speed = m_config.external_perimeter_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erBridgeInfill) {
            speed = m_config.bridge_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erInternalBridgeInfill) {
            speed = m_config.bridge_speed_internal.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erOverhangPerimeter) {
            speed = m_config.overhangs_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erInternalInfill) {
            speed = m_config.infill_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erSolidInfill) {
            speed = m_config.solid_infill_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erTopSolidInfill) {
            speed = m_config.top_solid_infill_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erThinWall) {
            speed = m_config.thin_walls_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erGapFill) {
            speed = m_config.gap_fill_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        } else if (path.role() == erIroning) {
            speed = m_config.ironing_speed.get_abs_value(vol_speed);
        }
        if (speed == 0) {
            speed = vol_speed;
        }
    }
    if (speed == 0) // if you don't have a m_volumetric_speed
        speed = m_config.max_print_speed.value;
    // Apply small perimeter 'modifier
    //  don't modify bridge speed
    if (factor < 1 && !(is_bridge(path.role()))) {
        float small_speed = (float)m_config.small_perimeter_speed.get_abs_value(m_config.get_computed_value("perimeter_speed"));
        if (small_speed > 0)
            //apply factor between feature speed and small speed
            speed = (speed * factor) + double((1.f - factor) * small_speed);
    }
    // Apply first layer modifier
    if (this->on_first_layer()) {
        const double base_speed = speed;
        double first_layer_speed = m_config.first_layer_speed.get_abs_value(base_speed);
        if (path.role() == erInternalInfill || path.role() == erSolidInfill) {
            double first_layer_infill_speed = m_config.first_layer_infill_speed.get_abs_value(base_speed);
            if (first_layer_infill_speed > 0)
                speed = std::min(first_layer_infill_speed, speed);
            else if (first_layer_speed > 0)
                speed = std::min(first_layer_speed, speed);
        } else {
            if (first_layer_speed > 0)
                speed = std::min(first_layer_speed, speed);
        }
        double first_layer_min_speed = m_config.first_layer_min_speed.value;
        speed = std::max(first_layer_min_speed, speed);
    } else if (this->object_layer_over_raft()) {
        const double base_speed = speed;
        double first_layer_over_raft_speed = m_config.first_layer_speed_over_raft.get_abs_value(base_speed);
        if (first_layer_over_raft_speed > 0)
            speed = std::min(first_layer_over_raft_speed, speed);
    }
    // cap speed with max_volumetric_speed anyway (even if user is not using autospeed)
    if (m_config.max_volumetric_speed.value > 0 && path.mm3_per_mm > 0) {
        speed = std::min(m_config.max_volumetric_speed.value / path.mm3_per_mm, speed);
    }
    double filament_max_volumetric_speed = EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(filament_max_volumetric_speed, 0);
    if (filament_max_volumetric_speed > 0) {
        speed = std::min(filament_max_volumetric_speed / path.mm3_per_mm, speed);
    }
    double filament_max_speed = EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(filament_max_speed, 0);
    if (filament_max_speed > 0) {
        speed = std::min(filament_max_speed, speed);
    }

    return speed;
}

std::string GCode::_before_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path, const std::string &description_in, double speed) {
    std::string gcode;
    std::string description{ description_in };


    // adjust acceleration, inside the travel to set the deceleration (unless it's deactivated)
    double acceleration = get_default_acceleration(m_config);
    double max_acceleration = std::numeric_limits<double>::max();
    // on 2.3, check for enable/disable if(config.machine_limits_usage)
    if (m_config.machine_limits_usage <= MachineLimitsUsage::Limits)
        max_acceleration = m_config.machine_max_acceleration_extruding.get_at(0);
    double travel_acceleration = get_travel_acceleration(m_config);
    if(acceleration > 0){
        switch (path.role()){
            case erPerimeter:
            perimeter:
                if (m_config.perimeter_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double perimeter_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("perimeter_acceleration");
                    if (perimeter_acceleration > 0)
                        acceleration = perimeter_acceleration;
                }
                break;
            case erExternalPerimeter:
            externalPerimeter:
                if (m_config.external_perimeter_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double external_perimeter_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("external_perimeter_acceleration");
                    if (external_perimeter_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = external_perimeter_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto perimeter;
            case erSolidInfill:
            solidInfill:
                if (m_config.solid_infill_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double solid_infill_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("solid_infill_acceleration");
                    if (solid_infill_acceleration > 0)
                        acceleration = solid_infill_acceleration;
                }
                break;
            case erInternalInfill:
            //internalInfill:
                if (m_config.infill_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double infill_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("infill_acceleration");
                    if (infill_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = infill_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto solidInfill;
            case erTopSolidInfill:
            topSolidInfill:
                if (m_config.top_solid_infill_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double top_solid_infill_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("top_solid_infill_acceleration");
                    if (top_solid_infill_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = top_solid_infill_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto solidInfill;
            case erIroning:
                if (m_config.ironing_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double ironing_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("ironing_acceleration");
                    if (ironing_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = ironing_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto topSolidInfill;
            case erSupportMaterial:
            case erWipeTower:
            supportMaterial:
                if (m_config.support_material_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double support_material_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("support_material_acceleration");
                    if (support_material_acceleration > 0)
                        acceleration = support_material_acceleration;
                }
                break;
            case erSupportMaterialInterface:
                if (m_config.support_material_interface_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double support_material_interface_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("support_material_interface_acceleration");
                    if (support_material_interface_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = support_material_interface_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto supportMaterial;
            case erSkirt:
                //skirtBrim:
                if (m_config.brim_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double brim_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("brim_acceleration");
                    if (brim_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = brim_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto supportMaterial;
            case erBridgeInfill:
            bridgeInfill:
                if (m_config.bridge_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double bridge_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("bridge_acceleration");
                    if (bridge_acceleration > 0)
                        acceleration = bridge_acceleration;
                }
                break;
            case erInternalBridgeInfill:
                if (m_config.bridge_internal_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double bridge_internal_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("bridge_internal_acceleration");
                    if (bridge_internal_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = bridge_internal_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto bridgeInfill;
            case erOverhangPerimeter:
                if (m_config.overhangs_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double overhangs_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("overhangs_acceleration");
                    if (overhangs_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = overhangs_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto bridgeInfill;
            case erGapFill:
                if (m_config.gap_fill_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double gap_fill_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("gap_fill_acceleration");
                    if (gap_fill_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = gap_fill_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto perimeter;
                break;
            case erThinWall:
                if (m_config.thin_walls_acceleration.value > 0) {
                    double thin_walls_acceleration = m_config.get_computed_value("thin_walls_acceleration");
                    if (thin_walls_acceleration > 0) {
                        acceleration = thin_walls_acceleration;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                goto externalPerimeter;
            case erMilling:
            case erCustom:
            case erMixed:
            case erCount:
            case erNone:
            default:
                break;
        }

        if (this->on_first_layer() && m_config.first_layer_acceleration.value > 0) {
            acceleration = std::min(acceleration, m_config.first_layer_acceleration.get_abs_value(acceleration));
        } else if (this->object_layer_over_raft() && m_config.first_layer_acceleration_over_raft.value > 0) {
            acceleration = m_config.first_layer_acceleration_over_raft.get_abs_value(acceleration);
        }

        acceleration = std::min(max_acceleration, acceleration);

    }

    // compute speed here to be able to know it for travel_deceleration_use_target
    speed = _compute_speed_mm_per_sec(path, speed);
        
    if (m_config.travel_deceleration_use_target){
        if (travel_acceleration <= acceleration || travel_acceleration == 0 || acceleration == 0) {
            m_writer.set_travel_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
            m_writer.set_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
            // go to first point of extrusion path (stop at midpoint to let us set the decel speed)
            if (!m_last_pos_defined || m_last_pos != path.first_point()) {
                Polyline polyline = this->travel_to(gcode, path.first_point(), path.role());
                this->write_travel_to(gcode, polyline, "move to first " + description + " point");
            }
        } else {
            // go to midpoint to let us set the decel speed)
            if (!m_last_pos_defined || m_last_pos != path.first_point()) {
                Polyline poly_start = this->travel_to(gcode, path.first_point(), path.role());
                coordf_t length = poly_start.length();
                // compute some numbers
                double previous_accel = m_writer.get_acceleration(); // in mm/s²
                double previous_speed = m_writer.get_speed(); // in mm/s
                double travel_speed = m_config.get_computed_value("travel_speed");
                // first, the acceleration distance
                const double extrude2travel_speed_diff = previous_speed >= travel_speed ? 0 : (travel_speed - previous_speed);
                const double seconds_to_go_travel_speed = (extrude2travel_speed_diff / travel_acceleration);
                const coordf_t dist_to_go_travel_speed = scaled(seconds_to_go_travel_speed * (travel_speed - extrude2travel_speed_diff/2));
                assert(dist_to_go_travel_speed >= 0);
                assert(!std::isinf(dist_to_go_travel_speed));
                assert(!std::isnan(dist_to_go_travel_speed));
                // then the deceleration distance
                const double travel2extrude_speed_diff = speed >= travel_speed ? 0 : (travel_speed - speed);
                const double seconds_to_go_extrude_speed = (travel2extrude_speed_diff / acceleration);
                const coordf_t dist_to_go_extrude_speed = scaled(seconds_to_go_extrude_speed * (travel_speed - travel2extrude_speed_diff / 2));
                assert(dist_to_go_extrude_speed >= 0);
                assert(!std::isinf(dist_to_go_extrude_speed));
                assert(!std::isnan(dist_to_go_extrude_speed));
                // acceleration to go from previous speed to the new one without going by the travel speed
                const double extrude2extrude_speed_diff = std::abs(previous_speed - speed);
                const double accel_extrude2extrude = extrude2extrude_speed_diff * (previous_speed + speed) / (2 * length);
                assert(dist_to_go_extrude_speed >= 0);
                assert(!std::isinf(accel_extrude2extrude));
                assert(!std::isnan(accel_extrude2extrude));
                // check if using a deceleration is useful
                // can't use it if no previous pos
                bool cant_use_deceleration = !m_last_pos_defined;
                // don't use it if the distance is too small
                coordf_t min_dist_for_deceleration = coordf_t(SCALED_EPSILON);
                min_dist_for_deceleration = std::max(min_dist_for_deceleration, dist_to_go_extrude_speed / 10);
                min_dist_for_deceleration = std::max(min_dist_for_deceleration, scale_d(m_config.min_length));
                cant_use_deceleration = cant_use_deceleration || length < min_dist_for_deceleration;
                // don't use it their isn't enough acceleration to go to the next speed without going by the travel speed
                cant_use_deceleration = cant_use_deceleration || accel_extrude2extrude * 1.1 > acceleration;
                // don't use it if the travel speed isn't high enough vs next speed
                cant_use_deceleration = cant_use_deceleration || dist_to_go_extrude_speed < coordf_t(SCALED_EPSILON);
                if (cant_use_deceleration) {
                    m_writer.set_travel_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
                    m_writer.set_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
                    this->write_travel_to(gcode, poly_start, "move to first " + description + " point (minimum acceleration)");
                } else {
                    // if length is enough, it's not the hack for first move, and the travel accel is different than the normal accel
                    // then cut the travel in two to change the accel in-between
                    // TODO: compute the real point where it should be cut, considering an infinite max speed.
                        Polyline poly_end;
                        const coordf_t needed_decel_length = dist_to_go_extrude_speed + min_dist_for_deceleration;
                        if (poly_start.size() > 2 && length > dist_to_go_travel_speed + needed_decel_length) {
                            //if complex travel, try to deccelerate only at the end, unless it's less than ~ 20 nozzle
                            if (poly_start.lines().back().length() < needed_decel_length) {
                                poly_end = poly_start;
                                poly_start.clip_end(needed_decel_length);
                                poly_end.clip_start(length - needed_decel_length);
                            } else {
                                poly_end.points.push_back(poly_start.points.back());
                                poly_start.points.pop_back();
                                poly_end.points.push_back(poly_start.points.back());
                                poly_end.reverse();
                            }
                        } else {
                            // simple & not long enough travel : split at the point of inflexion
                            double ratio = (dist_to_go_travel_speed + 1) / (dist_to_go_travel_speed + dist_to_go_extrude_speed + 1);
                            poly_end = poly_start;
                            poly_start.clip_end(length  * ratio);
                            poly_end.clip_start(length * (1-ratio));
                        }
                        gcode += "; acceleration to travel\n";
                        m_writer.set_travel_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(travel_acceleration + 0.5));
                        this->write_travel_to(gcode, poly_start, "move to first " + description + " point (acceleration)");
                        //travel acceleration should be already set at startup via special gcode, and so it's automatically used by G0.
                        gcode += "; decel to extrusion\n";
                        m_writer.set_travel_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
                        this->write_travel_to(gcode, poly_end, "move to first " + description + " point (deceleration)");
                        // restore travel accel and ensure the new extrusion accel is set
                        m_writer.set_travel_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(travel_acceleration + 0.5));
                        m_writer.set_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
                        gcode += "; end travel\n";
                }
            } else {
                m_writer.set_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (!m_last_pos_defined || m_last_pos != path.first_point()) {
            m_writer.set_travel_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(travel_acceleration + 0.5));
            Polyline polyline = this->travel_to(gcode, path.first_point(), path.role());
            this->write_travel_to(gcode, polyline, "move to first " + description + " point");
            m_writer.set_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
        } else {
            m_writer.set_acceleration((uint32_t)floor(acceleration + 0.5));
        }
    }

    //if needed, write the gcode_label_objects_end then gcode_label_objects_start
    //should be already done by travel_to, but just in case
    _add_object_change_labels(gcode);

    // compensate retraction
    if (m_delayed_layer_change.empty()) {
        gcode += m_writer.unlift();//this->unretract();
    } else {
        //check if an unlift happens
        std::string unlift = m_writer.unlift();
        if (unlift.empty()) {
            unlift = m_delayed_layer_change;
        }
        m_delayed_layer_change.clear();
        gcode += unlift;
    }
    gcode += m_writer.unretract();

    // extrude arc or line
    if (path.role() != m_last_extrusion_role && !m_config.feature_gcode.value.empty()) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("extrusion_role", new ConfigOptionString(extrusion_role_to_string_for_parser(path.role())));
        config.set_key_value("last_extrusion_role", new ConfigOptionString(extrusion_role_to_string_for_parser(m_last_extrusion_role)));
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index + 1));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(m_layer == nullptr ? m_last_height : m_layer->print_z));
        gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("feature_gcode",
            m_config.feature_gcode.value, m_writer.tool()->id(), &config)
            + "\n";
    }
    if (m_enable_extrusion_role_markers) {
        if (path.role() != m_last_extrusion_role) {
            char buf[32];
            sprintf(buf, ";_EXTRUSION_ROLE:%d\n", int(path.role()));
            gcode += buf;
        }
    }
    m_last_extrusion_role = path.role();

    // adds processor tags and updates processor tracking data
    // PrusaMultiMaterial::Writer may generate GCodeProcessor::Height_Tag lines without updating m_last_height
    // so, if the last role was erWipeTower we force export of GCodeProcessor::Height_Tag lines
    bool last_was_wipe_tower = (m_last_processor_extrusion_role == erWipeTower);
    assert(is_decimal_separator_point());

    if (path.role() != m_last_processor_extrusion_role) {
        m_last_processor_extrusion_role = path.role();
        char buf[64];
        sprintf(buf, ";%s%s\n", GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Role).c_str(), ExtrusionEntity::role_to_string(m_last_processor_extrusion_role).c_str());
        gcode += buf;
    }

    if (last_was_wipe_tower || m_last_width != path.width) {
        m_last_width = path.width;
        gcode += std::string(";") + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Width)
               + float_to_string_decimal_point(m_last_width) + "\n";
    }

#if ENABLE_GCODE_VIEWER_DATA_CHECKING
    if (last_was_wipe_tower || (m_last_mm3_per_mm != path.mm3_per_mm)) {
        m_last_mm3_per_mm = path.mm3_per_mm;
        gcode += std::string(";") + GCodeProcessor::Mm3_Per_Mm_Tag
            + float_to_string_decimal_point(m_last_mm3_per_mm) + "\n";
    }
#endif // ENABLE_GCODE_VIEWER_DATA_CHECKING

    if (last_was_wipe_tower || std::abs(m_last_height - path.height) > EPSILON) {
        m_last_height = path.height;

        gcode += std::string(";") + GCodeProcessor::reserved_tag(GCodeProcessor::ETags::Height)
            + float_to_string_decimal_point(m_last_height) + "\n";
    }

    std::string comment;
    if (m_enable_cooling_markers) {
        if(path.role() == erInternalBridgeInfill)
            gcode += ";_BRIDGE_INTERNAL_FAN_START\n";
        else if (is_bridge(path.role()))
            gcode += ";_BRIDGE_FAN_START\n";
        else if (ExtrusionRole::erTopSolidInfill == path.role())
            gcode += ";_TOP_FAN_START\n";
        else if (ExtrusionRole::erSupportMaterialInterface == path.role())
            gcode += ";_SUPP_INTER_FAN_START\n";
        else
            comment = ";_EXTRUDE_SET_SPEED";
        if (path.role() == erExternalPerimeter)
            comment += ";_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER";
        if (path.role() == erThinWall)
            comment += ";_EXTERNAL_PERIMETER";
    }
    // F     is mm per minute.
    // speed is mm per second
    gcode += m_writer.set_speed(speed, "", comment);

    return gcode;
}
std::string GCode::_after_extrude(const ExtrusionPath &path) {
    std::string gcode;
    if (m_enable_cooling_markers)
        if (path.role() == erInternalBridgeInfill)
            gcode += ";_BRIDGE_INTERNAL_FAN_END\n";
        else if (is_bridge(path.role()))
            gcode += ";_BRIDGE_FAN_END\n";
        else if (ExtrusionRole::erTopSolidInfill == path.role())
            gcode += ";_TOP_FAN_END\n";
        else if (ExtrusionRole::erSupportMaterialInterface == path.role())
            gcode += ";_SUPP_INTER_FAN_END\n";
        else
            gcode += ";_EXTRUDE_END\n";

    if (path.role() != ExtrusionRole::erGapFill ) {
        m_last_notgapfill_extrusion_role = path.role();
    }

    this->set_last_pos(path.last_point());
    return gcode;
}

void GCode::_add_object_change_labels(std::string& gcode) {
    if (!m_gcode_label_objects_end.empty()) {
        gcode += m_gcode_label_objects_end;
        m_gcode_label_objects_end = "";
    }
    if (!m_gcode_label_objects_start.empty()) {
        gcode += m_gcode_label_objects_start;
        m_gcode_label_objects_start = "";
    }
}

// This method accepts &point in print coordinates.
Polyline GCode::travel_to(std::string &gcode, const Point &point, ExtrusionRole role)
{
        /*  Define the travel move as a line between current position and the taget point.
        This is expressed in print coordinates, so it will need to be translated by
        this->origin in order to get G-code coordinates.  */
    Polyline travel { this->last_pos(), point };

    // check whether wipe could be disabled without causing visible stringing
    //not used anymore, not reliable
    bool could_be_wipe_disabled       = false;
    // Save state of use_external_mp_once for the case that will be needed to call twice m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.travel_to.
    const bool used_external_mp_once  = m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.used_external_mp_once();

    //can use the avoid crossing algo?
    bool can_avoid_cross_peri = m_config.avoid_crossing_perimeters
        && !m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.disabled_once()
        && m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.is_init()
        && !(m_config.avoid_crossing_not_first_layer && this->on_first_layer());

    // check / compute avoid_crossing_perimeters
    bool will_cross_perimeter = this->can_cross_perimeter(travel, can_avoid_cross_peri);

    // if a retraction would be needed (with a low min_dist threshold), try to use avoid_crossing_perimeters to plan a
    // multi-hop travel path inside the configuration space
    if (will_cross_perimeter && this->needs_retraction(travel, role, scale_d(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0.4)) * 3)
        && can_avoid_cross_peri) {
        travel = m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.travel_to(*this, point, &could_be_wipe_disabled);
    }
    if(can_avoid_cross_peri)
        will_cross_perimeter = this->can_cross_perimeter(travel, false);

    // check whether a straight travel move would need retraction
    bool needs_retraction = this->needs_retraction(travel, role);
    if (m_config.only_retract_when_crossing_perimeters && !(m_config.enforce_retract_first_layer && m_layer_index == 0))
        needs_retraction = needs_retraction && will_cross_perimeter;

    // Re-allow avoid_crossing_perimeters for the next travel moves
    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.reset_once_modifiers();

    // generate G-code for the travel move
    if (needs_retraction) {
        if (m_config.avoid_crossing_perimeters && EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(wipe_only_crossing, true)) {
            //if (could_be_wipe_disabled) {
            //    m_wipe.reset_path();
            //} else {
                auto result = diff_pl(Polylines{ travel }, to_polygons(m_layer->lslices));
                if (result.empty())
                    m_wipe.reset_path();
            //}
        }

        Point last_post_before_retract = this->last_pos();
        gcode += this->retract();
        // When "Wipe while retracting" is enabled, then extruder moves to another position, and travel from this position can cross perimeters.
        bool updated_first_pos = false;
        if (last_post_before_retract != this->last_pos() && can_avoid_cross_peri) {
            // FIXME Lukas H.: Try to predict if this second calling of avoid crossing perimeters will be needed or not. It could save computations.

            // Is the distance is short enough to just shortcut it?
            if (last_post_before_retract.distance_to(this->last_pos()) > scale_d(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0.4)) * 2) {

                 // If in the previous call of m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.travel_to was use_external_mp_once set to true restore this value for next call.
                if (used_external_mp_once)
                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.use_external_mp_once();
                // Because of it, it is necessary to redo the thing
                travel = m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.travel_to(*this, point);
                updated_first_pos = true;
                // If state of use_external_mp_once was changed reset it to right value.
                if (used_external_mp_once)
                    m_avoid_crossing_perimeters.reset_once_modifiers();
            }
        }
        if (!updated_first_pos) {
            travel.points.front() = this->last_pos();
        }
    } else {
        // Reset the wipe path when traveling, so one would not wipe along an old path.
        m_wipe.reset_path();
    }
    //if needed, write the gcode_label_objects_end then gcode_label_objects_start
    _add_object_change_labels(gcode);

    return travel;
}


void GCode::write_travel_to(std::string &gcode, const Polyline& travel, std::string comment)
{
    if (travel.size() > 4) {
        //ensure that you won't overload the firmware.
        // travel are  strait lines, but with avoid_crossing_perimeters, there can be many points. Reduce speed instead of deleting points, as it's already optimised as much as possible, even if it can be a bit more => TODO?)
        // we are using a window of 10 moves.
        const double max_gcode_per_second = this->config().max_gcode_per_second.value;
        coordf_t dist_next_10_moves = 0;
        size_t idx_10 = 1;
        size_t idx_print = 1;
        const double max_speed = m_config.get_computed_value("travel_speed");
        double current_speed = max_speed;
        for (; idx_10 < travel.size() && idx_10 < 11; ++idx_10) {
            dist_next_10_moves += travel.points[idx_10 - 1].distance_to(travel.points[idx_10]);
        }

        while (idx_10 < travel.size()) {
            //compute speed
            double time_for10_moves = unscaled(dist_next_10_moves) / current_speed;
            double min_time = 10 / max_gcode_per_second;
            double ratio_speed = time_for10_moves / min_time;
            double possible_speed = current_speed * ratio_speed;

            //write
            if (possible_speed < max_speed) {
                if(ratio_speed < 0.95 || ratio_speed > 1.05)
                    current_speed = possible_speed;
            } else if (current_speed < max_speed) {
                current_speed = max_speed;
            }
            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(
                this->point_to_gcode(travel.points[idx_print]),
                current_speed>2 ? double(uint32_t(current_speed)) : current_speed,
                comment);

            //update for next move
            dist_next_10_moves -= travel.points[idx_print - 1].distance_to(travel.points[idx_print]);
            dist_next_10_moves += travel.points[idx_10 - 1].distance_to(travel.points[idx_10]);
            idx_10++;
            idx_print++;
        }

        if (travel.size() < 10) {
            //compute a global speed
            double time_for10_moves = unscaled(dist_next_10_moves) / current_speed;
            double min_time = travel.size() / max_gcode_per_second;
            double ratio_speed = time_for10_moves / min_time;
           current_speed *= ratio_speed;
           current_speed = std::min(max_speed, current_speed);
        } else {
            //compute speed for the end
            double time_for10_moves = unscaled(dist_next_10_moves) / current_speed;
            double min_time = 10 / max_gcode_per_second;
            double ratio_speed = time_for10_moves / min_time;
            current_speed *= ratio_speed;
            current_speed = std::min(max_speed, current_speed);
        }

        //finish writing moves at current speed
        for (; idx_print < travel.size(); ++idx_print)
            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(travel.points[idx_print]),
                current_speed > 2 ? double(uint32_t(current_speed)) : current_speed,
                comment);
        this->set_last_pos(travel.points.back());
    } else if (travel.size() >= 2) {
        for (size_t i = 1; i < travel.size(); ++i)
            // use G1 because we rely on paths being straight (G0 may make round paths)
            gcode += m_writer.travel_to_xy(this->point_to_gcode(travel.points[i]), 0.0, comment);
        this->set_last_pos(travel.points.back());
    }
}

bool GCode::needs_retraction(const Polyline& travel, ExtrusionRole role /*=erNone*/, coordf_t max_min_dist /*=0*/)
{
    coordf_t min_dist = scale_d(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(retract_before_travel, 0));
    if (max_min_dist > 0)
        min_dist = std::min(max_min_dist, min_dist);
    if (travel.length() < min_dist) {
        // skip retraction if the move is shorter than the configured threshold
        return false;
    }

    if (role == erSupportMaterial) {
        const SupportLayer* support_layer = dynamic_cast<const SupportLayer*>(m_layer);
        //FIXME support_layer->support_islands.contains should use some search structure!
        if (support_layer != NULL && support_layer->support_islands.contains(travel))
            // skip retraction if this is a travel move inside a support material island
            //FIXME not retracting over a long path may cause oozing, which in turn may result in missing material
            // at the end of the extrusion path!
        return false;
    }

    return true;
}

bool GCode::can_cross_perimeter(const Polyline& travel, bool offset)
{
    if(m_layer != nullptr)
    if ( ( (m_config.only_retract_when_crossing_perimeters && !(m_config.enforce_retract_first_layer && m_layer_index == 0)) && m_config.fill_density.value > 0) || m_config.avoid_crossing_perimeters)
         {
        //test && m_layer->any_internal_region_slice_contains(travel)
        // Skip retraction if travel is contained in an internal slice *and*
        // internal infill is enabled (so that stringing is entirely not visible).
        //note: any_internal_region_slice_contains() is potentionally very slow, it shall test for the bounding boxes first.
        //bool inside = false;
        //BoundingBox bbtravel(travel.points);
        //for (const BoundingBox &bbox : m_layer->lslices_bboxes) {
        //    inside = bbox.overlap(bbtravel);
        //    if(inside) break;
        //}
        ////have to do a bit more work to be sure
        //if (inside) {
            //contained inside at least one bb
            //construct m_layer_slices_offseted if needed
            if (m_layer_slices_offseted.layer != m_layer) {
                m_layer_slices_offseted.layer = m_layer;
                m_layer_slices_offseted.diameter = scale_t(EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(nozzle_diameter, 0.4));
                m_layer_slices_offseted.slices = m_layer->lslices;
                m_layer_slices_offseted.slices_offsetted = offset_ex(m_layer->lslices, -m_layer_slices_offseted.diameter * 1.5f);
                //remove top surfaces
                for (const LayerRegion* reg : m_layer->regions()) {
                    m_layer_slices_offseted.slices_offsetted = diff_ex(m_layer_slices_offseted.slices_offsetted, to_expolygons(reg->fill_surfaces.filter_by_type_flag(SurfaceType::stPosTop)));
                    m_layer_slices_offseted.slices = diff_ex(m_layer_slices_offseted.slices, to_expolygons(reg->fill_surfaces.filter_by_type_flag(SurfaceType::stPosTop)));
                }
                
            }
            // test if a expoly contains the entire travel
            for (const ExPolygon &poly : offset ? m_layer_slices_offseted.slices_offsetted : m_layer_slices_offseted.slices)
                if (poly.contains(travel)) {
                    return false;
                }
        //}
    }

    // retract if only_retract_when_crossing_perimeters is disabled or doesn't apply
    return true;
}

std::string GCode::retract(bool toolchange)
{
    std::string gcode;

    if (m_writer.tool() == nullptr)
        return gcode;

    // We need to reset e before any extrusion or wipe to allow the reset to happen at the real 
    // begining of an object gcode
    gcode += m_writer.reset_e();
    
    // wipe (if it's enabled for this extruder and we have a stored wipe path)
    if (BOOL_EXTRUDER_CONFIG(wipe) && m_wipe.has_path()) {
        gcode += toolchange ? m_writer.retract_for_toolchange(true) : m_writer.retract(true);
        gcode += m_wipe.wipe(*this, toolchange);
    }

    /*  The parent class will decide whether we need to perform an actual retraction
        (the extruder might be already retracted fully or partially). We call these
        methods even if we performed wipe, since this will ensure the entire retraction
        length is honored in case wipe path was too short.  */
    gcode += toolchange ? m_writer.retract_for_toolchange() : m_writer.retract();

    //check if need to lift
    bool need_lift = !m_writer.tool_is_extruder() || toolchange 
        || (BOOL_EXTRUDER_CONFIG(retract_lift_first_layer) && m_config.print_retract_lift.value != 0 && this->m_layer_index == 0) 
        || this->m_writer.get_extra_lift() > 0;
    bool last_fill_extusion_role_top_infill = (this->m_last_extrusion_role == ExtrusionRole::erTopSolidInfill || this->m_last_extrusion_role == ExtrusionRole::erIroning);
    if(this->m_last_extrusion_role == ExtrusionRole::erGapFill)
        last_fill_extusion_role_top_infill = (this->m_last_notgapfill_extrusion_role == ExtrusionRole::erTopSolidInfill || this->m_last_notgapfill_extrusion_role == ExtrusionRole::erIroning);
    if (!need_lift && m_config.print_retract_lift.value != 0) {
        if (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(retract_lift_top, "") == "Not on top")
            need_lift = !last_fill_extusion_role_top_infill;
        else if (EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(retract_lift_top, "") == "Only on top")
            need_lift = last_fill_extusion_role_top_infill;
        else
            need_lift = true;
    }
    if (need_lift)
        gcode += m_writer.lift(this->m_layer_index);

    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::toolchange(uint16_t extruder_id, double print_z) {

    std::string gcode;
    // Process the custom toolchange_gcode. If it is empty, insert just a Tn command.
    std::string toolchange_gcode = m_config.toolchange_gcode.value;
    boost::trim(toolchange_gcode); //remove invisible characters that may compromize the 'toolchange_gcode.empty()'
    std::string toolchange_gcode_parsed;
    if (!toolchange_gcode.empty() && m_writer.multiple_extruders) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)(m_writer.tool() != nullptr ? m_writer.tool()->id() : -1)));
        config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)extruder_id));
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
        config.set_key_value("max_layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(m_max_layer_z));
        toolchange_gcode_parsed = placeholder_parser_process("toolchange_gcode", toolchange_gcode, extruder_id, &config);
        gcode += toolchange_gcode_parsed;
        check_add_eol(gcode);
    }

    // We inform the writer about what is happening, but we may not use the resulting gcode.
    std::string toolchange_command = m_writer.toolchange(extruder_id);
    if (toolchange_gcode.empty() && m_writer.multiple_extruders) { // !custom_gcode_changes_tool(toolchange_gcode_parsed, m_writer.toolchange_prefix(), extruder_id) && !no_toolchange)
        gcode += toolchange_command;
    } else {
        // user provided his own toolchange gcode, no need to do anything
    }
    if (m_enable_cooling_markers) {
        gcode += ";_TOOLCHANGE " + std::to_string(extruder_id) + "\n";
    }
    return gcode;
}

std::string GCode::set_extruder(uint16_t extruder_id, double print_z, bool no_toolchange /*=false*/)
{
    if (!m_writer.need_toolchange(extruder_id))
        return "";

    // if we are running a single-extruder setup, just set the extruder and return nothing
    if (!m_writer.multiple_extruders) {
        m_placeholder_parser.set("current_extruder", extruder_id);

        std::string gcode;
        // Append the filament start G-code.
        const std::string &start_filament_gcode = m_config.start_filament_gcode.get_at(extruder_id);
        if (! start_filament_gcode.empty()) {
            DynamicConfig config;
            config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)extruder_id));
            config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)extruder_id));
            config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
            config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
            // Process the start_filament_gcode for the new filament.
            gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("start_filament_gcode", start_filament_gcode, extruder_id, &config);
            check_add_eol(gcode);
        }
        if (!no_toolchange) {
            gcode+=toolchange(extruder_id, print_z);
        }else m_writer.toolchange(extruder_id);
        return gcode;
    }

    // prepend retraction on the current extruder
    std::string gcode = this->retract(true);

    // Always reset the extrusion path, even if the tool change retract is set to zero.
    m_wipe.reset_path();

    if (m_writer.tool() != nullptr) {
        // Process the custom end_filament_gcode. set_extruder() is only called if there is no wipe tower
        // so it should not be injected twice.
        uint16_t            old_extruder_id     = m_writer.tool()->id();
        const std::string  &end_filament_gcode  = m_config.end_filament_gcode.get_at(old_extruder_id);
        if (! end_filament_gcode.empty()) {
            DynamicConfig config;
            config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)(m_writer.tool() != nullptr ? m_writer.tool()->id() : -1)));
            config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)extruder_id));
            config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
            config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
            gcode += placeholder_parser_process("end_filament_gcode", end_filament_gcode, old_extruder_id, &config);
            check_add_eol(gcode);
        }
    }


    // If ooze prevention is enabled, park current extruder in the nearest
    // standby point and set it to the standby temperature.
    if (m_ooze_prevention.enable && m_writer.tool() != nullptr)
        gcode += m_ooze_prevention.pre_toolchange(*this);
    

    if (!no_toolchange) {
        gcode += toolchange(extruder_id, print_z);
    }else m_writer.toolchange(extruder_id);

    // Set the temperature if the wipe tower didn't (not needed for non-single extruder MM)
    // supermerill change: try to set the good temp, because the wipe tower don't use the gcode writer and so can write wrong stuff.
    if (m_config.single_extruder_multi_material /*&& !m_config.wipe_tower*/) {
        int temp = (m_layer_index <= 0 && m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(extruder_id) > 0 ? m_config.first_layer_temperature.get_at(extruder_id) :
                                         m_config.temperature.get_at(extruder_id));
        if (temp > 0)
            gcode += m_writer.set_temperature(temp, false);
    }

    m_placeholder_parser.set("current_extruder", extruder_id);

    // Append the filament start G-code.
    const std::string &start_filament_gcode = m_config.start_filament_gcode.get_at(extruder_id);
    if (! start_filament_gcode.empty()) {
        DynamicConfig config;
        config.set_key_value("previous_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)(m_writer.tool() != nullptr ? m_writer.tool()->id() : -1)));
        config.set_key_value("next_extruder", new ConfigOptionInt((int)extruder_id));
        config.set_key_value("layer_num", new ConfigOptionInt(m_layer_index));
        config.set_key_value("layer_z", new ConfigOptionFloat(print_z));
        // Process the start_filament_gcode for the new filament.
        gcode += this->placeholder_parser_process("start_filament_gcode", start_filament_gcode, extruder_id, &config);
        check_add_eol(gcode);
        //check if it changed the temp
        int  temp_by_gcode = -1;
        if (custom_gcode_sets_temperature(gcode, 104, 109, false, temp_by_gcode)) {
            //set writer
            m_writer.set_temperature(temp_by_gcode, false, extruder_id);
        }
    }
    // Set the new extruder to the operating temperature.
    if (m_ooze_prevention.enable)
        gcode += m_ooze_prevention.post_toolchange(*this);

    return gcode;
}

// convert a model-space scaled point into G-code coordinates
Vec2d GCode::point_to_gcode(const Point &point) const
{
    Vec2d extruder_offset = EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(extruder_offset, Vec2d(0, 0)); //FIXME : mill ofsset
    return unscale(point) + m_origin - extruder_offset;
}

// convert a model-space scaled point into G-code coordinates
Vec3d GCode::point_to_gcode(const Point &point, const coord_t z_offset) const {
    Vec2d extruder_offset = EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(extruder_offset, Vec2d(0, 0)); //FIXME : mill ofsset
    Vec3d ret_vec(unscaled(point.x()) + m_origin.x() - extruder_offset.x(),
        unscaled(point.y()) + m_origin.y() - extruder_offset.y(),
        unscaled(z_offset));
    return ret_vec;
}

// convert a model-space scaled point into G-code coordinates
Point GCode::gcode_to_point(const Vec2d &point) const
{
    Vec2d extruder_offset = EXTRUDER_CONFIG_WITH_DEFAULT(extruder_offset, Vec2d(0, 0)); //FIXME : mill ofsset
    return Point(
        scale_(point(0) - m_origin(0) + extruder_offset(0)),
        scale_(point(1) - m_origin(1) + extruder_offset(1)));
}

// Goes through by_region std::vector and returns reference to a subvector of entities(), that are to be printed
// during infill/perimeter wiping, or normally (depends on wiping_entities parameter)
// Fills in by_region_per_copy_cache and returns its reference.
const std::vector<GCode::ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region>& GCode::ObjectByExtruder::Island::by_region_per_copy(std::vector<Region> &by_region_per_copy_cache, unsigned int copy, uint16_t extruder, bool wiping_entities) const
{
    bool has_overrides = false;
    for (const auto& reg : by_region)
    	if (! reg.infills_overrides.empty() || !reg.perimeters_overrides.empty() || !reg.ironings_overrides.empty()) {
    		has_overrides = true;
    		break;
    	}

	// Data is cleared, but the memory is not.
    by_region_per_copy_cache.clear();

    if (! has_overrides)
    	// Simple case. No need to copy the regions.
    	return wiping_entities ? by_region_per_copy_cache : this->by_region;

    // Complex case. Some of the extrusions of some object instances are to be printed first - those are the wiping extrusions.
    // Some of the extrusions of some object instances are printed later - those are the clean print extrusions.
    // Filter out the extrusions based on the infill_overrides / perimeter_overrides:

    for (const Island::Region& reg : by_region) {
        by_region_per_copy_cache.emplace_back(); // creates a region in the newly created Island

        // Now we are going to iterate through perimeters and infills and pick ones that are supposed to be printed
        auto select_print = [&wiping_entities, &copy, &extruder](const ExtrusionEntitiesPtr& entities, ExtrusionEntitiesPtr& target_eec, const std::vector<const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy*>& overrides) {
            // Now the most important thing - which extrusion should we print.
            // See function ToolOrdering::get_extruder_overrides for details about the negative numbers hack.
            if (wiping_entities) {
                // Apply overrides for this region.
                for (unsigned int i = 0; i < overrides.size(); ++i) {
                    const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy* this_override = overrides[i];
                    // This copy (aka object instance) should be printed with this extruder, which overrides the default one.
                    if (this_override != nullptr && (*this_override)[copy] == int(extruder))
                        target_eec.emplace_back(entities[i]);
                }
            } else {
                // Apply normal extrusions (non-overrides) for this region.
                unsigned int i = 0;
                for (; i < overrides.size(); ++i) {
                    const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy* this_override = overrides[i];
                    // This copy (aka object instance) should be printed with this extruder, which shall be equal to the default one.
                    if (this_override == nullptr || (*this_override)[copy] == -int(extruder) - 1)
                        target_eec.emplace_back(entities[i]);
                }
                for (; i < entities.size(); ++i)
                    target_eec.emplace_back(entities[i]);
            }
        };
        select_print(reg.perimeters, by_region_per_copy_cache.back().perimeters, reg.perimeters_overrides);
        select_print(reg.infills, by_region_per_copy_cache.back().infills, reg.infills_overrides);
        select_print(reg.ironings, by_region_per_copy_cache.back().ironings, reg.ironings_overrides);
    }
    return by_region_per_copy_cache;
}

// This function takes the eec and appends its entities() to either perimeters or infills of this Region (depending on the first parameter)
// It also saves pointer to ExtruderPerCopy struct (for each entity), that holds information about which extruders should be used for which copy.
void GCode::ObjectByExtruder::Island::Region::append(const Type type, const ExtrusionEntityCollection* eec, const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy* copies_extruder)
{
    // We are going to manipulate either perimeters or infills, exactly in the same way. Let's create pointers to the proper structure to not repeat ourselves:
    ExtrusionEntitiesPtr*									perimeters_or_infills;
    std::vector<const WipingExtrusions::ExtruderPerCopy*>* 	perimeters_or_infills_overrides;

    switch (type) {
    case PERIMETERS:
        perimeters_or_infills 			= &perimeters;
        perimeters_or_infills_overrides = &perimeters_overrides;
        break;
    case INFILL:
        perimeters_or_infills           = &infills;
        perimeters_or_infills_overrides = &infills_overrides;
        break;
    case IRONING:
        perimeters_or_infills           = &ironings;
        perimeters_or_infills_overrides = &ironings_overrides;
        break;
    default:
        throw Slic3r::InvalidArgument("Unknown parameter!");
    }

    // First we append the entities, there are eec->entities().size() of them:
    //don't do fill->entities() because it will discard no_sort, we must use flatten(preserve_ordering = true)
    // this method will encapsulate every no_sort into an other collection, so we can get the entities() directly.
    ExtrusionEntityCollection coll = eec->flatten(true);
    size_t old_size = perimeters_or_infills->size();
    size_t new_size = old_size + coll.entities().size();
    perimeters_or_infills->reserve(new_size);
    for (ExtrusionEntity* ee : coll.set_entities())
        perimeters_or_infills->push_back(ee);
    //hack for change of ownership
    coll.set_entities().clear();

    if (copies_extruder != nullptr) {
        // Don't reallocate overrides if not needed.
        // Missing overrides are implicitely considered non-overridden.
        perimeters_or_infills_overrides->reserve(new_size);
        perimeters_or_infills_overrides->resize(old_size, nullptr);
        perimeters_or_infills_overrides->resize(new_size, copies_extruder);
    }
}

std::string
GCode::extrusion_role_to_string_for_parser(const ExtrusionRole & role) {
    switch (role) {
    case erPerimeter:
        return "Perimeter";
    case erExternalPerimeter:
        return "ExternalPerimeter";
    case erOverhangPerimeter:
        return "OverhangPerimeter";
    case erInternalInfill:
        return "InternalInfill";
    case erSolidInfill:
        return "SolidInfill";
    case erTopSolidInfill:
        return "TopSolidInfill";
    case erBridgeInfill:
    case erInternalBridgeInfill:
        return "BridgeInfill";
    case erThinWall:
        return "ThinWall";
    case erGapFill:
        return "GapFill";
    case erIroning:
        return "Ironing";
    case erSkirt:
        return "Skirt";
    case erSupportMaterial:
        return "SupportMaterial";
    case erSupportMaterialInterface:
        return "SupportMaterialInterface";
    case erWipeTower:
        return "WipeTower";
    case erMilling:
        return "Mill";
    case erCustom:
    case erMixed:
    case erCount:
    case erNone:
    default:
        return "Mixed";
    }
}

}   // namespace Slic3r