v4/v5: Add responsive containers (#29095)

* create responsive containers

provide more flexibility and allow the user to determine when containers switch from fluid to fixed width.

* fix the base container code

this commit fixes the non-media portion of the generated CSS. I learned about the `@extends` directive and was able to put it to good use.

I create a new temporary map that contains all the main `$container-max-widths` and join it to our 2 special cases of 'xs' and 'fluid'.  Then we loop through that and, with the appropriate infixes, extend our placeholder

* formatting for style

forgot to run my tests before the last push, i think these are better.

* finish incomplete comment

* fix the responsive containers

using the `@extend` directive I was able to clean up this code

* fix responsive containers in the navbar

mostly we just look through all of our breakpoints so we can include all of the responsive container classes in the tweaks we have to do for the navbar (redeclaring flex properties, don't double up on padding, etc)

* Simplify container extends

* Simplify navbar containers

* Rearrange, add comments, ensure everything is nested in $enable-grid-classes

* Reduce new CSS by using attribute selector

We avoid using `@extend` whenever possible, and this is more readable

* Update _grid.scss

* Update _navbar.scss

* Add docs for responsive containers, redesign the container layout page

* Add to the Grid example

2 files changed, 19 insertions, 13 deletions

diff --git a/scss/_grid.scss b/scss/_grid.scss
index a227515379..f70e849517 100644
--- a/scss/_grid.scss
+++ b/scss/_grid.scss
@@ -3,23 +3,32 @@
 // Set the container width, and override it for fixed navbars in media queries.
 
 @if $enable-grid-classes {
+  // Single container class with breakpoint max-widths
   .container {
     @include make-container();
     @include make-container-max-widths();
   }
-}
-
-// Fluid container
-//
-// Utilizes the mixin meant for fixed width containers, but with 100% width for
-// fluid, full width layouts.
 
-@if $enable-grid-classes {
+  // 100% wide container at all breakpoints
   .container-fluid {
     @include make-container();
   }
+
+  // Responsive containers that are 100% wide until a breakpoint
+  @each $breakpoint, $container-max-width in $container-max-widths {
+    .container-#{$breakpoint} {
+      @include make-container();
+    }
+
+    @include media-breakpoint-up($breakpoint, $grid-breakpoints) {
+      .container-#{$breakpoint} {
+        max-width: $container-max-width;
+      }
+    }
+  }
 }
 
+
 // Row
 //
 // Rows contain and clear the floats of your columns.
diff --git a/scss/_navbar.scss b/scss/_navbar.scss
index 2b57ae53ac..beb6f2bf00 100644
--- a/scss/_navbar.scss
+++ b/scss/_navbar.scss
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@
 
   // Because flex properties aren't inherited, we need to redeclare these first
   // few properties so that content nested within behave properly.
-  > .container,
-  > .container-fluid {
+  > [class^="container"] {
     display: flex;
     flex-wrap: wrap;
     align-items: center;
@@ -140,8 +139,7 @@
 
     &#{$infix} {
       @include media-breakpoint-down($breakpoint) {
-        > .container,
-        > .container-fluid {
+        > [class^=".container"] {
           padding-right: 0;
           padding-left: 0;
         }
@@ -165,8 +163,7 @@
         }
 
         // For nesting containers, have to redeclare for alignment purposes
-        > .container,
-        > .container-fluid {
+        > [class^=".container"] {
           flex-wrap: nowrap;
         }