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# Using Docker Build
GitLab CI allows you to use Docker Engine to build and test docker-based projects.
**This also allows to you to use `docker-compose` and other docker-enabled tools.**
This is one of the new trends in Continuous Integration/Deployment to:
1. create an application image,
1. run tests against the created image,
1. push image to a remote registry,
1. deploy server from the pushed image
It's also useful when your application already has the `Dockerfile` that can be used to create and test an image:
```bash
$ docker build -t my-image dockerfiles/
$ docker run my-docker-image /script/to/run/tests
$ docker tag my-image my-registry:5000/my-image
$ docker push my-registry:5000/my-image
```
However, this requires special configuration of GitLab Runner to enable `docker` support during builds. There are three methods to enable the use of `docker build` and `docker run` during builds.
## 1. Use shell executor
The simplest approach is to install GitLab Runner in `shell` execution mode.
GitLab Runner then executes build scripts as `gitlab-runner` user.
1. Install [GitLab Runner](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/#installation).
1. During GitLab Runner installation select `shell` as method of executing build scripts or use command:
```bash
$ sudo gitlab-runner register -n \
--url https://gitlab.com/ci \
--token RUNNER_TOKEN \
--executor shell
--description "My Runner"
```
2. Install Docker Engine on server.
For more information how to install Docker Engine on different systems checkout the [Supported installations](https://docs.docker.com/engine/installation/).
3. Add `gitlab-runner` user to `docker` group:
```bash
$ sudo usermod -aG docker gitlab-runner
```
4. Verify that `gitlab-runner` has access to Docker:
```bash
$ sudo -u gitlab-runner -H docker info
```
You can now verify that everything works by adding `docker info` to `.gitlab-ci.yml`:
```yaml
before_script:
- docker info
build_image:
script:
- docker build -t my-docker-image .
- docker run my-docker-image /script/to/run/tests
```
5. You can now use `docker` command and install `docker-compose` if needed.
6. However, by adding `gitlab-runner` to `docker` group you are effectively granting `gitlab-runner` full root permissions.
For more information please checkout [On Docker security: `docker` group considered harmful](https://www.andreas-jung.com/contents/on-docker-security-docker-group-considered-harmful).
## 2. Use docker-in-docker executor
The second approach is to use the special Docker image with all tools installed
(`docker` and `docker-compose`) and run the build script in context of that
image in privileged mode.
In order to do that, follow the steps:
1. Install [GitLab Runner](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/#installation).
1. Register GitLab Runner from the command line to use `docker` and `privileged`
mode:
```bash
sudo gitlab-ci-multi-runner register -n \
--url https://gitlab.com/ci \
--registration-token REGISTRATION_TOKEN \
--executor docker \
--description "My Docker Runner" \
--docker-image "docker:latest" \
--docker-privileged
```
The above command will register a new Runner to use the special
`docker:latest` image which is provided by Docker. **Notice that it's using
the `privileged` mode to start the build and service containers.** If you
want to use [docker-in-docker] mode, you always have to use `privileged = true`
in your Docker containers.
The above command will create a `config.toml` entry similar to this:
```
[[runners]]
url = "https://gitlab.com/ci"
token = TOKEN
executor = "docker"
[runners.docker]
tls_verify = false
image = "docker:latest"
privileged = true
disable_cache = false
volumes = ["/cache"]
[runners.cache]
Insecure = false
```
If you want to use the Shared Runners available on your GitLab CE/EE
installation in order to build Docker images, then make sure that your
Shared Runners configuration has the `privileged` mode set to `true`.
1. You can now use `docker` from build script:
```yaml
image: docker:latest
services:
- docker:dind
before_script:
- docker info
build:
stage: build
script:
- docker build -t my-docker-image .
- docker run my-docker-image /script/to/run/tests
```
1. However, by enabling `--docker-privileged` you are effectively disabling all
the security mechanisms of containers and exposing your host to privilege
escalation which can lead to container breakout.
For more information, check out the official Docker documentation on
[Runtime privilege and Linux capabilities][docker-cap].
An example project using this approach can be found here: https://gitlab.com/gitlab-examples/docker.
## 3. Bind Docker socket
The third approach is to bind-mount `/var/run/docker.sock` into the container so that docker is available in the context of that image.
In order to do that, follow the steps:
1. Install [GitLab Runner](https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-ci-multi-runner/#installation).
1. Register GitLab Runner from the command line to use `docker` and share `/var/run/docker.sock`:
```bash
sudo gitlab-ci-multi-runner register -n \
--url https://gitlab.com/ci \
--registration-token REGISTRATION_TOKEN \
--executor docker \
--description "My Docker Runner" \
--docker-image "docker:latest" \
--docker-volumes /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock
```
The above command will register a new Runner to use the special
`docker:latest` image which is provided by Docker. **Notice that it's using
the Docker daemon of the runner itself, and any containers spawned by docker commands will be siblings of the runner rather than children of the runner.** This may have complications and limitations that are unsuitable for your workflow.
The above command will create a `config.toml` entry similar to this:
```
[[runners]]
url = "https://gitlab.com/ci"
token = TOKEN
executor = "docker"
[runners.docker]
tls_verify = false
image = "docker:latest"
privileged = false
disable_cache = false
volumes = ["/usr/local/bin/docker:/usr/bin/docker", "/cache"]
[runners.cache]
Insecure = false
```
1. You can now use `docker` from build script (note that you don't need to include the `docker:dind` service as in the option above):
```yaml
image: docker:latest
before_script:
- docker info
build:
stage: build
script:
- docker build -t my-docker-image .
- docker run my-docker-image /script/to/run/tests
```
1. However, by sharing the docker daemon, you are effectively disabling all
the security mechanisms of containers and exposing your host to privilege
escalation which can lead to container breakout.
## Using the GitLab Container Registry
Once you've built a Docker image, you can push it up to the built-in [GitLab Container Registry](../../container_registry/README.md).
```
build:
stage: build
script:
- docker login -u gitlab-ci-token -p $CI_BUILD_TOKEN registry.example.com
- docker build -t registry.example.com/group/project:latest .
- docker push registry.example.com/group/project:latest
```
Here's a more elaborate example that splits up the tasks into 4 stages,
including two tests that run in parallel. The build is stored in the container
registry and used by subsequent stages, downloading the image
when needed. Changes to `master` also get tagged as `latest` and deployed using
an application-specific deploy script:
```yaml
image: docker:git
services:
- docker:dind
stages:
- build
- test
- release
- deploy
variables:
CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE: registry.example.com/my-group/my-project:$CI_BUILD_REF_NAME
CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE: registry.example.com/my-group/my-project:latest
before_script:
- docker login -u gitlab-ci-token -p $CI_BUILD_TOKEN registry.example.com
build:
stage: build
script:
- docker build --pull -t $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE .
- docker push $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE
test1:
stage: test
script:
- docker pull $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE
- docker run $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE /script/to/run/tests
test2:
stage: test
script:
- docker pull $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE
- docker run $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE /script/to/run/another/test
release-image:
stage: release
script:
- docker pull $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE
- docker tag $CONTAINER_TEST_IMAGE $CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE
- docker push $CONTAINER_RELEASE_IMAGE
only:
- master
deploy:
stage: deploy
script:
- ./deploy.sh
only:
- master
```
Notes:
1. You must log in to the container registry before running commands. Putting this in `before_script` will run it before each build job.
1. Using `docker build --pull` makes sure that Docker fetches any changes to base images before building just in case your cache is stale. It takes slightly longer, but means you don’t get stuck without security patches to base images.
1. Doing an explicit `docker pull` before each `docker run` makes sure to fetch the latest image that was just built. This is especially important if you are using multiple runners that cache images locally. Using the git SHA in your image tag makes this less necessary since each build will be unique and you shouldn't ever have a stale image, but it's still possible if you re-build a given commit after a dependency has changed.
1. You don't want to build directly to `latest` in case there are multiple builds happening simultaneously.
[docker-in-docker]: https://blog.docker.com/2013/09/docker-can-now-run-within-docker/
[docker-cap]: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/run/#runtime-privilege-and-linux-capabilities
|