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diff --git a/core/src/main/java/org/spongycastle/asn1/ASN1OctetString.java b/core/src/main/java/org/spongycastle/asn1/ASN1OctetString.java
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+++ b/core/src/main/java/org/spongycastle/asn1/ASN1OctetString.java
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+package org.spongycastle.asn1;
+
+import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.InputStream;
+
+import org.spongycastle.util.Arrays;
+import org.spongycastle.util.encoders.Hex;
+
+/**
+ * Abstract base for the ASN.1 OCTET STRING data type
+ * <p>
+ * This supports BER, and DER forms of the data.
+ * </p><p>
+ * DER form is always primitive single OCTET STRING, while
+ * BER support includes the constructed forms.
+ * </p>
+ * <hr>
+ * <p><b>X.690</b></p>
+ * <p><b>8: Basic encoding rules</b></p>
+ * <p><b>8.7 Encoding of an octetstring value</b></p>
+ * <p>
+ * <b>8.7.1</b> The encoding of an octetstring value shall be
+ * either primitive or constructed at the option of the sender.
+ * <blockquote>
+ * NOTE &mdash; Where it is necessary to transfer part of an octet string
+ * before the entire OCTET STRING is available, the constructed encoding
+ * is used.
+ * </blockquote>
+ * <p>
+ * <b>8.7.2</b> The primitive encoding contains zero,
+ * one or more contents octets equal in value to the octets
+ * in the data value, in the order they appear in the data value,
+ * and with the most significant bit of an octet of the data value
+ * aligned with the most significant bit of an octet of the contents octets.
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * <b>8.7.3</b> The contents octets for the constructed encoding shall consist
+ * of zero, one, or more encodings.
+ * <blockquote>
+ * NOTE &mdash; Each such encoding includes identifier, length, and contents octets,
+ * and may include end-of-contents octets if it is constructed.
+ * </blockquote>
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * <b>8.7.3.1</b> To encode an octetstring value in this way,
+ * it is segmented. Each segment shall consist of a series of
+ * consecutive octets of the value. There shall be no significance
+ * placed on the segment boundaries.
+ * <blockquote>
+ * NOTE &mdash; A segment may be of size zero, i.e. contain no octets.
+ * </blockquote>
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * <b>8.7.3.2</b> Each encoding in the contents octets shall represent
+ * a segment of the overall octetstring, the encoding arising from
+ * a recursive application of this subclause.
+ * In this recursive application, each segment is treated as if it were
+ * a octetstring value. The encodings of the segments shall appear in the contents
+ * octets in the order in which their octets appear in the overall value.
+ * <blockquote>
+ * NOTE 1 &mdash; As a consequence of this recursion,
+ * each encoding in the contents octets may itself
+ * be primitive or constructed.
+ * However, such encodings will usually be primitive.
+ * </p><p>
+ * NOTE 2 &mdash; In particular, the tags in the contents octets are always universal class, number 4.
+ * </blockquote>
+ * </p>
+ * <p><b>9: Canonical encoding rules</b></p>
+ * <p><b>9.1 Length forms</b></p>
+ * <p>
+ * If the encoding is constructed, it shall employ the indefinite length form.
+ * If the encoding is primitive, it shall include the fewest length octets necessary.
+ * [Contrast with 8.1.3.2 b).]
+ * </p>
+ * <p><b>9.2 String encoding forms</b></p>
+ * <p>
+ * BIT STRING, OCTET STRING,and restricted character string
+ * values shall be encoded with a primitive encoding if they would
+ * require no more than 1000 contents octets, and as a constructed
+ * encoding otherwise. The string fragments contained in
+ * the constructed encoding shall be encoded with a primitive encoding.
+ * The encoding of each fragment, except possibly
+ * the last, shall have 1000 contents octets. (Contrast with 8.21.6.)
+ * </p>
+ * <b>10: Distinguished encoding rules</b>
+ * </p><p>
+ * <b>10.1 Length forms</b>
+ * The definite form of length encoding shall be used,
+ * encoded in the minimum number of octets.
+ * [Contrast with 8.1.3.2 b).]
+ * </p><p>
+ * <b>10.2 String encoding forms</b>
+ * For BIT STRING, OCTET STRING and restricted character string types,
+ * the constructed form of encoding shall not be used.
+ * (Contrast with 8.21.6.)
+ * </p>
+ */
+public abstract class ASN1OctetString
+ extends ASN1Primitive
+ implements ASN1OctetStringParser
+{
+ byte[] string;
+
+ /**
+ * return an Octet String from a tagged object.
+ *
+ * @param obj the tagged object holding the object we want.
+ * @param explicit true if the object is meant to be explicitly
+ * tagged false otherwise.
+ * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the tagged object cannot
+ * be converted.
+ */
+ public static ASN1OctetString getInstance(
+ ASN1TaggedObject obj,
+ boolean explicit)
+ {
+ ASN1Primitive o = obj.getObject();
+
+ if (explicit || o instanceof ASN1OctetString)
+ {
+ return getInstance(o);
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ return BEROctetString.fromSequence(ASN1Sequence.getInstance(o));
+ }
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * return an Octet String from the given object.
+ *
+ * @param obj the object we want converted.
+ * @exception IllegalArgumentException if the object cannot be converted.
+ */
+ public static ASN1OctetString getInstance(
+ Object obj)
+ {
+ if (obj == null || obj instanceof ASN1OctetString)
+ {
+ return (ASN1OctetString)obj;
+ }
+ else if (obj instanceof byte[])
+ {
+ try
+ {
+ return ASN1OctetString.getInstance(ASN1Primitive.fromByteArray((byte[])obj));
+ }
+ catch (IOException e)
+ {
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("failed to construct OCTET STRING from byte[]: " + e.getMessage());
+ }
+ }
+ else if (obj instanceof ASN1Encodable)
+ {
+ ASN1Primitive primitive = ((ASN1Encodable)obj).toASN1Primitive();
+
+ if (primitive instanceof ASN1OctetString)
+ {
+ return (ASN1OctetString)primitive;
+ }
+ }
+
+ throw new IllegalArgumentException("illegal object in getInstance: " + obj.getClass().getName());
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * @param string the octets making up the octet string.
+ */
+ public ASN1OctetString(
+ byte[] string)
+ {
+ if (string == null)
+ {
+ throw new NullPointerException("string cannot be null");
+ }
+ this.string = string;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Return the content of the OCTET STRING as an InputStream.
+ *
+ * @return an InputStream representing the OCTET STRING's content.
+ */
+ public InputStream getOctetStream()
+ {
+ return new ByteArrayInputStream(string);
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Return the parser associated with this object.
+ *
+ * @return a parser based on this OCTET STRING
+ */
+ public ASN1OctetStringParser parser()
+ {
+ return this;
+ }
+
+ /**
+ * Return the content of the OCTET STRING as a byte array.
+ *
+ * @return the byte[] representing the OCTET STRING's content.
+ */
+ public byte[] getOctets()
+ {
+ return string;
+ }
+
+ public int hashCode()
+ {
+ return Arrays.hashCode(this.getOctets());
+ }
+
+ boolean asn1Equals(
+ ASN1Primitive o)
+ {
+ if (!(o instanceof ASN1OctetString))
+ {
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ ASN1OctetString other = (ASN1OctetString)o;
+
+ return Arrays.areEqual(string, other.string);
+ }
+
+ public ASN1Primitive getLoadedObject()
+ {
+ return this.toASN1Primitive();
+ }
+
+ ASN1Primitive toDERObject()
+ {
+ return new DEROctetString(string);
+ }
+
+ ASN1Primitive toDLObject()
+ {
+ return new DEROctetString(string);
+ }
+
+ abstract void encode(ASN1OutputStream out)
+ throws IOException;
+
+ public String toString()
+ {
+ return "#"+new String(Hex.encode(string));
+ }
+}