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+"""
+/* Copyright (c) 2023 Amazon
+ Written by Jan Buethe */
+/*
+ Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
+ are met:
+
+ - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+ - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
+ notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
+ documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
+ ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
+ LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
+ A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER
+ OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
+ EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+ PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
+ PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
+ LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
+ NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
+ SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+*/
+"""
+
+import numpy as np
+import scipy.signal
+
+def compute_vad_mask(x, fs, stop_db=-70):
+
+ frame_length = (fs + 49) // 50
+ x = x[: frame_length * (len(x) // frame_length)]
+
+ frames = x.reshape(-1, frame_length)
+ frame_energy = np.sum(frames ** 2, axis=1)
+ frame_energy_smooth = np.convolve(frame_energy, np.ones(5) / 5, mode='same')
+
+ max_threshold = frame_energy.max() * 10 ** (stop_db/20)
+ vactive = np.ones_like(frames)
+ vactive[frame_energy_smooth < max_threshold, :] = 0
+ vactive = vactive.reshape(-1)
+
+ filter = np.sin(np.arange(frame_length) * np.pi / (frame_length - 1))
+ filter = filter / filter.sum()
+
+ mask = np.convolve(vactive, filter, mode='same')
+
+ return x, mask
+
+def convert_mask(mask, num_frames, frame_size=160, hop_size=40):
+ num_samples = frame_size + (num_frames - 1) * hop_size
+ if len(mask) < num_samples:
+ mask = np.concatenate((mask, np.zeros(num_samples - len(mask))), dtype=mask.dtype)
+ else:
+ mask = mask[:num_samples]
+
+ new_mask = np.array([np.mean(mask[i*hop_size : i*hop_size + frame_size]) for i in range(num_frames)])
+
+ return new_mask
+
+def power_spectrum(x, window_size=160, hop_size=40, window='hamming'):
+ num_spectra = (len(x) - window_size - hop_size) // hop_size
+ window = scipy.signal.get_window(window, window_size)
+ N = window_size // 2
+
+ frames = np.concatenate([x[np.newaxis, i * hop_size : i * hop_size + window_size] for i in range(num_spectra)]) * window
+ psd = np.abs(np.fft.fft(frames, axis=1)[:, :N + 1]) ** 2
+
+ return psd
+
+
+def frequency_mask(num_bands, up_factor, down_factor):
+
+ up_mask = np.zeros((num_bands, num_bands))
+ down_mask = np.zeros((num_bands, num_bands))
+
+ for i in range(num_bands):
+ up_mask[i, : i + 1] = up_factor ** np.arange(i, -1, -1)
+ down_mask[i, i :] = down_factor ** np.arange(num_bands - i)
+
+ return down_mask @ up_mask
+
+
+def rect_fb(band_limits, num_bins=None):
+ num_bands = len(band_limits) - 1
+ if num_bins is None:
+ num_bins = band_limits[-1]
+
+ fb = np.zeros((num_bands, num_bins))
+ for i in range(num_bands):
+ fb[i, band_limits[i]:band_limits[i+1]] = 1
+
+ return fb
+
+
+def _compare(x, y, apply_vad=False, factor=1):
+ """ Modified version of opus_compare for 16 kHz mono signals
+
+ Args:
+ x (np.ndarray): reference input signal scaled to [-1, 1]
+ y (np.ndarray): test signal scaled to [-1, 1]
+
+ Returns:
+ float: perceptually weighted error
+ """
+ # filter bank: bark scale with minimum-2-bin bands and cutoff at 7.5 kHz
+ band_limits = [factor * b for b in [0, 2, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 22, 26, 31, 36, 43, 51, 60, 75]]
+ window_size = factor * 160
+ hop_size = factor * 40
+ num_bins = window_size // 2 + 1
+ num_bands = len(band_limits) - 1
+ fb = rect_fb(band_limits, num_bins=num_bins)
+
+ # trim samples to same size
+ num_samples = min(len(x), len(y))
+ x = x[:num_samples].copy() * 2**15
+ y = y[:num_samples].copy() * 2**15
+
+ psd_x = power_spectrum(x, window_size=window_size, hop_size=hop_size) + 100000
+ psd_y = power_spectrum(y, window_size=window_size, hop_size=hop_size) + 100000
+
+ num_frames = psd_x.shape[0]
+
+ # average band energies
+ be_x = (psd_x @ fb.T) / np.sum(fb, axis=1)
+
+ # frequecy masking
+ f_mask = frequency_mask(num_bands, 0.1, 0.03)
+ mask_x = be_x @ f_mask.T
+
+ # temporal masking
+ for i in range(1, num_frames):
+ mask_x[i, :] += (0.5 ** factor) * mask_x[i-1, :]
+
+ # apply mask
+ masked_psd_x = psd_x + 0.1 * (mask_x @ fb)
+ masked_psd_y = psd_y + 0.1 * (mask_x @ fb)
+
+ # 2-frame average
+ masked_psd_x = masked_psd_x[1:] + masked_psd_x[:-1]
+ masked_psd_y = masked_psd_y[1:] + masked_psd_y[:-1]
+
+ # distortion metric
+ re = masked_psd_y / masked_psd_x
+ #im = re - np.log(re) - 1
+ im = np.log(re) ** 2
+ Eb = ((im @ fb.T) / np.sum(fb, axis=1))
+ Ef = np.mean(Eb ** 1, axis=1)
+
+ if apply_vad:
+ _, mask = compute_vad_mask(x, 16000)
+ mask = convert_mask(mask, Ef.shape[0])
+ else:
+ mask = np.ones_like(Ef)
+
+ err = np.mean(np.abs(Ef[mask > 1e-6]) ** 3) ** (1/6)
+
+ return float(err)
+
+def compare(x, y, apply_vad=False):
+ err = np.linalg.norm([_compare(x, y, apply_vad=apply_vad, factor=1)], ord=2)
+ return err
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+ import argparse
+ from scipy.io import wavfile
+
+ parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+ parser.add_argument('ref', type=str, help='reference wav file')
+ parser.add_argument('deg', type=str, help='degraded wav file')
+ parser.add_argument('--apply-vad', action='store_true')
+ args = parser.parse_args()
+
+
+ fs1, x = wavfile.read(args.ref)
+ fs2, y = wavfile.read(args.deg)
+
+ if max(fs1, fs2) != 16000:
+ raise ValueError('error: encountered sampling frequency diffrent from 16kHz')
+
+ x = x.astype(np.float32) / 2**15
+ y = y.astype(np.float32) / 2**15
+
+ err = compare(x, y, apply_vad=args.apply_vad)
+
+ print(f"MOC: {err}")