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/**
* $Id$
* ***** BEGIN GPL/BL DUAL LICENSE BLOCK *****
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
* as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2
* of the License, or (at your option) any later version. The Blender
* Foundation also sells licenses for use in proprietary software under
* the Blender License. See http://www.blender.org/BL/ for information
* about this.
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
* but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
* MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
* GNU General Public License for more details.
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
* along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
* Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
*
* The Original Code is Copyright (C) 2001-2002 by NaN Holding BV.
* All rights reserved.
*
* The Original Code is: all of this file.
*
* Contributor(s): none yet.
*
* ***** END GPL/BL DUAL LICENSE BLOCK *****
*/
/**
* $Id$
* Copyright (C) 2001 NaN Technologies B.V.
*
* @author Laurence
*/
#ifndef MT_ExpMap_H
#define MT_ExpMap_H
#include <MT_assert.h>
#include "MT_Vector3.h"
#include "MT_Quaternion.h"
#include "MT_Matrix4x4.h"
const MT_Scalar MT_EXPMAP_MINANGLE (1e-7);
/**
* MT_ExpMap an exponential map parameterization of rotations
* in 3D. This implementation is derived from the paper
* "F. Sebastian Grassia. Practical parameterization of
* rotations using the exponential map. Journal of Graphics Tools,
* 3(3):29-48, 1998" Please go to http://www.acm.org/jgt/papers/Grassia98/
* for a thorough description of the theory and sample code used
* to derive this class.
*
* Basic overview of why this class is used.
* In an IK system we need to paramterize the joint angles in some
* way. Typically 2 parameterizations are used.
* - Euler Angles
* These suffer from singularities in the parameterization known
* as gimbal lock. They also do not interpolate well. For every
* set of euler angles there is exactly 1 corresponding 3d rotation.
* - Quaternions.
* Great for interpolating. Only unit quaternions are valid rotations
* means that in a differential ik solver we often stray outside of
* this manifold into invalid rotations. Means we have to do a lot
* of nasty normalizations all the time. Does not suffer from
* gimbal lock problems. More expensive to compute partial derivatives
* as there are 4 of them.
*
* So exponential map is similar to a quaternion axis/angle
* representation but we store the angle as the length of the
* axis. So require only 3 parameters. Means that all exponential
* maps are valid rotations. Suffers from gimbal lock. But it's
* possible to detect when gimbal lock is near and reparameterize
* away from it. Also nice for interpolating.
* Exponential maps are share some of the useful properties of
* euler and quaternion parameterizations. And are very useful
* for differential IK solvers.
*/
class MT_ExpMap {
public:
/**
* Default constructor
* @warning there is no initialization in the
* default constructor
*/
MT_ExpMap() {}
MT_ExpMap(const MT_Vector3& v) : m_v(v) {}
MT_ExpMap(const float v[3]) : m_v(v) {}
MT_ExpMap(const double v[3]) : m_v(v) {}
MT_ExpMap(MT_Scalar x, MT_Scalar y, MT_Scalar z) :
m_v(x, y, z) {}
/**
* Construct an exponential map from a quaternion
*/
MT_ExpMap(
const MT_Quaternion &q
) {
setRotation(q);
};
/**
* Accessors
* Decided not to inherit from MT_Vector3 but rather
* this class contains an MT_Vector3. This is because
* it is very dangerous to use MT_Vector3 functions
* on this class and some of them have no direct meaning.
*/
MT_Vector3 &
vector(
) {
return m_v;
};
const
MT_Vector3 &
vector(
) const {
return m_v;
};
/**
* Set the exponential map from a quaternion
*/
void
setRotation(
const MT_Quaternion &q
);
/**
* Convert from an exponential map to a quaternion
* representation
*/
MT_Quaternion
getRotation(
) const;
/**
* Convert the exponential map to a 3x3 matrix
*/
MT_Matrix3x3
getMatrix(
) const;
/**
* Force a reparameterization check of the exponential
* map.
* @param theta returns the new axis-angle.
* @return true iff a reParameterization took place.
* Use this function whenever you adjust the vector
* representing the exponential map.
*/
bool
reParameterize(
MT_Scalar &theta
);
/**
* Compute the partial derivatives of the exponential
* map (dR/de - where R is a 4x4 matrix formed
* from the map) and return them as a 4x4 matrix
*/
MT_Matrix4x4
partialDerivatives(
const int i
) const ;
private :
MT_Vector3 m_v;
// private methods
// Compute partial derivatives dR (3x3 rotation matrix) / dVi (EM vector)
// given the partial derivative dQ (Quaternion) / dVi (ith element of EM vector)
void
compute_dRdVi(
const MT_Quaternion &q,
const MT_Quaternion &dQdV,
MT_Matrix4x4 & dRdVi
) const;
// compute partial derivatives dQ/dVi
void
compute_dQdVi(
int i,
MT_Quaternion & dQdX
) const ;
};
#endif
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